The Origin of Spring Festival Texts in Primary Schools

The Origin of Spring Festival Texts in Primary Schools

Spring Festival, that is, China Lunar New Year, is commonly known as Spring Festival, New Year's Eve and so on. Verbally, it is also called Chinese New Year and New Year's Eve. The Spring Festival has a long history, which evolved from praying for the New Year at the beginning of the year in ancient times. Everything is based on heaven, and people are based on ancestors, praying for the elderly, respecting the ancestors of heaven, and returning to the original. The following is the source of the Spring Festival primary school text I compiled for you, for reference only, I hope it will help you!

Festival introduction

The Spring Festival refers to the traditional Chinese New Year in the cultural circle of Chinese characters.

The traditional names of the Spring Festival are New Year, New Year's Eve and New Year's Day, but they are also called "New Year" and "Happy New Year" verbally. In ancient times, the Spring Festival refers to the beginning of spring in the solar terms and is also regarded as the beginning of a year. Later, it was changed to the first day of the first lunar month as the New Year. Generally speaking, it doesn't end until the fifteenth day of the first month (Shangyuan Festival). Spring Festival, commonly known as "Chinese New Year", is the most solemn traditional festival of the Chinese nation. Since the first year of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the date of the annual festival has been fixed and has continued to this day. New Year's Day was called "New Year's Day" in ancient times. After the Revolution of 1911, 19 1 1 adopted the Gregorian calendar to calculate the year, so it was called "New Year's Day" on the Gregorian calendar 1 and "Spring Festival" on the first day of the first lunar month.

During the Spring Festival, Han people and many ethnic minorities in our country will hold various activities to celebrate. The main contents of these activities are offering sacrifices to gods and buddhas, paying homage to ancestors, saying goodbye to the old year and welcoming the new year, and praying for a bumper harvest. The activities are rich and colorful, with strong national characteristics. The state attaches great importance to the protection of intangible cultural heritage. On May 20th, 2006, the folk custom of "Spring Festival" was approved by the State Council to be included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage list. Folding holiday features

The 20-year-old festival is also called a "traditional festival". They have a long history, spread widely and have the characteristics of great popularity, mass and even the whole people.

New Year's Day is a new day to get rid of old cloth. Although this festival is arranged on the first day of the first lunar month, its activities are not limited to the first day of the first lunar month. From the beginning of the Lunar New Year's Day on the 23rd (or 24th) of the twelfth lunar month, people began to "be busy": sweeping the floor, washing their hair and taking a bath, preparing new year's utensils and so on. All these activities have a common theme, that is, "saying goodbye to the old and welcoming the new". People greet the new year and spring with grand ceremonies and enthusiasm.

New Year's Day is also a day to pray for the new year. The ancients said that a mature millet is a "year" and a bumper harvest of grains is a "big year". In the early years of the Western Zhou Dynasty, there was an annual harvest celebration. Later, New Year greetings became one of the main contents of the annual customs. Besides, the Kitchen God, Door God, God of Wealth, XiShen, Well God and other gods. Everyone enjoys human incense during the festival. People take this opportunity to thank the gods for their care in the past and pray for more blessings in the new year. New Year's Day is also a time for family reunion, family worship and ancestor worship. On New Year's Eve, the whole family get together to have a "reunion dinner". The elders give "lucky money" to the children, and the family sit around and "watch". At the turn of the New Year's Day, firecrackers exploded, and the activities to bid farewell to the old and welcome the new reached a climax. Every family burns incense to worship the heavens and the earth and ancestors, then pays tribute to the elders in turn, and then congratulates relatives and friends. After the Yuan Dynasty, we began to visit relatives and friends and exchange gifts to celebrate the New Year. New Year's Day is a festival for people to entertain and revel. After the January Festival, a variety of colorful entertainment activities were launched, such as playing with lions, dragon lanterns, yangko dancing, walking on stilts and juggling, which added a rich festive atmosphere to the Spring Festival. At this time, it happened to be around the "beginning of spring". In ancient times, a grand ceremony was held to welcome the spring, whipping cattle to welcome the spring, and praying for good weather and abundant crops. All kinds of social fire activities reached their climax again on the fifteenth day of the first month.

Therefore, the grand New Year Festival, which integrates blessing, celebration and entertainment, has become the most grand festival of the Chinese nation. Nowadays, in addition to offering sacrifices to gods and ancestors, the main customs of the festival have been well inherited and developed. Origin of folding node

In China, the beginning of the Lunar New Year is called the Spring Festival. It is the most solemn traditional festival of China people, and it also symbolizes unity, prosperity and new hope for the future. According to records, people in China have been celebrating the Spring Festival for more than 4,000 years. There are many theories about the origin of the Spring Festival.

In BC 104, astronomer Luo et al. made a calendar and changed the beginning of October to the beginning of the first month. Later generations basically improved the lunar calendar we use today, and Luo is also known as the "Spring Festival old man". Since then, China has been using the Gregorian calendar (also known as the lunar calendar) until the end of the Qing Dynasty, which lasted for 2080. Spring Festival has different names in different times. In the pre-Qin period, it was called "going to Japan", "January Day", "changing the year" and "offering the year". In the Han Dynasty, it was also called "Three Dynasties", "Sui Dan", "Zheng Dan" and "Zhengri". Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties were called Chen Yuan, Yuan Ri, Fuehrer and Sui Dynasty. In the Tang, Song, Yuan and Ming dynasties, it was called New Year's Day, Yuan, New Year's Day and Singapore dollar. In the Qing Dynasty, it was always called "New Year's Day" or "Yuan Day".

In modern folk customs, celebrating the Spring Festival is also called Chinese New Year. In fact, the origin of Chinese New Year and Spring Festival is very different.

Saying: One saying is that in ancient times, there was a fierce monster called Nian. Every year1February 30th, it goes door to door, foraging for human flesh and killing creatures. On the night of the thirtieth day of the twelfth lunar month, Nian came to a village. It happened that two cowboys were fighting for a whip. Nian suddenly heard the sound of whipping in mid-air and ran away in fear. It fled to another village and saw a bright red dress drying in front of the door. It didn't know what it was, so it turned around and ran away. Later, he came to a village, looked into the door of a family, and saw that the lights were brightly lit and dizzy, so he had to slip away again, with his tail between his legs. As a result, people realized that Nian was afraid of noise, red and light, and thought of many ways to resist it, such as setting off firecrackers, which gradually evolved into the custom of celebrating the New Year today.

Another way of saying this is that ancient calligraphy books in China put the word "Nian" in the Ministry of Grain, which means good weather and good harvest. Because cereal crops are usually harvested once a year. "Year" is extended to the name of the year.

Spring Festival holiday diet

Rice cake folding

Italy is getting taller every year. The types of rice cakes are: white rice cakes and yellow rice cakes in the north; There are water mill rice cakes in Jiangnan; There is glutinous rice in the southwest; There are red turtle cakes in Taiwan Province province. "Gao" has been called in Han dialect, which was popular in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties. Jia Sixie's Book of Qi Yaomin records the production method. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, cakes have developed into snacks supplied in the market all year round, and the flavors in the north and south are different. There are two kinds of rice cakes in the north: steamed and fried. In addition to steaming and frying, there are other methods in the south, such as frying in slices and cooking in soup. Folding jiaozi

Not the same, some places eat jiaozi on New Year's Eve, some places eat jiaozi on the first day, and some mountainous areas in the north have the custom of eating jiaozi every morning from the first day to the fifth day. Eating jiaozi is a unique way for people to express their wish for good luck when they bid farewell to the old year and welcome the new year. According to the method of punctuality in ancient China, the time is from 1 1 in the evening to 1 the next morning. "Intersection" is the moment when the new year and the old year intersect. Jiaozi means getting married at an older age, and eating jiaozi during the Spring Festival is considered a great luck. In addition, jiaozi is shaped like an ingot, wrapping jiaozi means wrapping good luck, while eating jiaozi symbolizes prosperity. Different from the north, the New Year's Eve dinner in the south usually has hot pot and fish. Hot pot boiling, steaming, warm and sultry, thriving; "Fish" and "fish" are homophonic, symbolizing "good luck and wishful thinking", and also implying happiness in life and "having more than one year". There are also some places in the south that pay attention to eating rice cakes during the Spring Festival, which is high every year, symbolizing a bumper harvest year by year and a higher realm.

Folding yuanxiao

There is a custom of eating glutinous rice balls. Lantern Festival is called "Shangyuan Festival" by Taoism. According to the story of Yi Tu's real (young girl) ring in Yuan Dynasty, it is recorded in Sanyutie that after the death of the goddess the Goddess Chang'e flying to the moon, you fell ill. On the fourteenth day of the first month, a teenager suddenly asked for an audience, claiming to be the messenger of Chang 'e, and said, "Madam knows you are thinking, and there is no way to go down. Tomorrow is the full moon. You should use rice flour as a pill, put it in the northwest of the room, call your wife's name, and you can go down in three nights. " You obeyed the law, and Chang 'e really came. It can be seen that eating Lantern Festival means "reunion is like the moon". In the Ming Dynasty, Lantern Festival was very common in Beijing, and the practice was no different from today. During the reign of Kangxi in the Qing Dynasty, the "Babao Lantern Festival" and the Ma Siyuan Lantern Festival prevailed in the ruling and opposition parties. In the early years of the Republic of China, Yuan Shikai ordered that it was forbidden to shout Yuanxiao, because it had the same pronunciation as "Yuan Xiao".

Folding spring rolls

Represents the existing "five taro plates", that is, "spring plates". Spring cakes and vegetables are placed in the same plate. During the Tang and Song Dynasties, eating spring cakes became more and more popular, and the emperor gave them to officials. At that time, spring cakes were very particular: "Green HongLing, golden rooster and jade swallow, extremely exquisite production, each dish costs 10 thousand yuan." People also use it to give gifts to each other. The custom of eating spring cakes also influenced the brotherly peoples. For example, when Lu Ye Chu Lu followed Genghis Khan on his expedition to the western regions, he ordered the chef to cook a spring dish and wrote a poem: "I accidentally forgot the spring day yesterday, so I'll try to cook a spring dish." At the beginning of this case, the silver line was chaotic, and the sand bottle cooked the lotus root. Mix well with peas, knead well with scallions, and finely chop Artemisia annua and chives. Why fill it up? Why bother being anointed? "Nowadays, spring cakes come in different shapes and eat at different times. There are baked and steamed; As big as a round fan or as small as a lotus root.

The customs of the Spring Festival

lucky money

Lucky money is one of the ancient customs. After dinner in 2008, the elders should distribute the lucky money prepared in advance to the younger generation. It is said that lucky money can kill evil spirits, and the younger generation can spend the first year safely when they get lucky money. Lucky money has the meaning of exorcising evil spirits and keeping peace in folk culture. The original intention of lucky money is to suppress evil and drive away evil. Because people think that children are easy to be invisible, they use lucky money to suppress evil spirits.

There are many kinds of lucky money in history, which are usually distributed to the younger generation by the elders during the countdown to the New Year, indicating that the lucky money contains the care and sincere wishes of the elders to the younger generation; The other is given to the elderly by the younger generation. The "year old" of this lucky money refers to the age, which is intended to look forward to the longevity of the elderly. The earliest lucky money written in the Han dynasty, also known as winning money, is not circulated in the market, but cast as an ornamental in the form of coins, which has the function of avoiding evil spirits.

Wandering spirit

Vagrancy is one of the traditional New Year customs. Visiting the gods, also known as the holy procession, the tour master, the camp master, the tour bodhisattva, the contest of visiting the gods, the annual regulations, welcoming the gods, the spring outing, walking incense, visiting the hometown of bodhisattva, carrying idols, and taking idol tours. , refers to people in the New Year or other festive festivals, or the Christmas of the gods, to the temple to invite the distracted gods to the sedan chair, and then carried out of the temple for sightseeing. The main purpose is to repay God, eliminate disasters and pray. Along the way, there will be a variety of artistic performances such as gongs and drums, suona, dolls, lion dances, dragon dances, colorful flags, lanterns, octaves, acrobatics and band performances. It is a traditional folk activity integrating sacrifice, prayer, celebration and banquet.

Visiting gods in Chaoshan area, also known as "Touring God Race" and "Hosting", is a traditional folk activity in Chaoshan area. Every Spring Festival, in chronological order, towns and villages take turns to hold folk soul wandering activities, and the scene is very lively. In western Guangdong, it is also called "Master You", "Bodhisattva You" or "Miss the World". The so-called chronology is "tracing back to the source and giving examples every year". In Beiliu area, it is also known as the "annual example". In the Pearl River Delta region, it is also known as the "hometown of bodhisattvas". People marched in the village with statues and received blessings. In Fuzhou, it is also called "Meeting God". The third day to the fifteenth day of the first lunar month is the time to wander around and become one of the important activities of "running the year" in rural areas. Wandering gods often take the village as the unit, and sometimes several villages unite to March around the village in groups with gongs, drums and firecrackers as the unit. People lined up in the street to watch and gather, and the scene was warm.

Worship the elderly

Paying New Year's greetings is one of the traditional activities. Welcome the new year on the morning of the first day of the year and worship the "Year God". "Sui", also known as "country" and "Tai Sui", is an ancient star name. Tai sui is also a god of folk beliefs. At the age of 60, with the chronology of cadres and branches of 60 Jiazi as the running cycle, there are 60 people. There are old gods on duty every year. In those days, the traditional duty was called "traditional duty", which was the master of the year and was in charge of good and bad luck in the world. For example, in the Three Commandments, it is said that "the man who is too old, the one-year-old Lord, and the head of the gods". Paying New Year greetings is the oldest traditional Chinese New Year custom, which is still popular in Guangdong, especially Wuchuan. On the first day of the new year, welcome the new year, worship God and be blessed.

temple fair

Visiting temple fairs is one of the folk activities during the Spring Festival. Guangfu Temple Fair and Beijing ditan temple fair are also called the two major temple fairs in China. Covers the puppet show, China stunt, Wulin Congress, Lantern Festival and other theme activities. It contains rich contents such as blessing culture, folk culture, food culture, business and leisure culture.

;