Hebei Leting drums origin, form, artistic characteristics?

Time: 2006 Category: Arts and Crafts Area: Hebei No.: Ⅴ-8 declared area or unit: Leiting County, Hebei Province, I. Introduction Leiting drums are more representative of the northern arts and crafts of the drum book and drums and songs form, widely circulated in the Jidong, Beijing, Tianjin and the Northeast of Liaoning, Jilin, Heilongjiang and other places. During the performance, one person stands and sings on the drum plate, and another person accompanies with three strings and other musical instruments. Leiting Drum is said to have been founded by Wen Rong in Leiting County, Hebei Province, around 1850, and was once called the "Three Flowers of Jidong Folk Art" together with the opera and Tangshan Shadow. Since its formation, there have been many celebrities, and it has been widely circulated, with a relatively deep mass base and cultural heritage. Second, the history of the Leiting drum is one of the major varieties of northern China, originated in Leiting County, popular in Beijing, Tianjin, Jidong and the northeast provinces in the vast area. Leiting drum is a historical and cultural product of the times, is the inevitable result of the development of rap art. Leiting drums, is based on the inheritance of a variety of ancient rap art, after a long period of singing practice gradually developed and matured. According to the records, the maturity of Leiting Drum should be in the middle and late Ming Dynasty, and it was developed and matured on the basis of absorbing the essence of Leiting's folk songs and ballads. Legend has it that people around Leting have the custom of being able to sing and dance well, and mass singing and dancing activities and rap activities are organized during the New Year festivals. At the same time, the Leting dialect itself has a natural melodic nature, the word sound is sung, and the final sound is long and thin. Therefore, when foreigners listen to the Leiting accent, they feel like singing. If the voice is slightly elongated, plus the drum plate, sublimation, that can become a beautiful tune with local flavor. Leiting drum is on this basis gradually developed. This famous brand of Leiting Drum has its accidental origin. After the establishment of the Qing Dynasty, the banners began to divide the land. Cui Youwen's predecessors who were partitioned in Leting set down roots in Leting County, known as the "Beijing East First Huangzhuang". Cui Youwen's brother in the Scholar, so that the Cui family is more wealthy and powerful, through the five provinces and six ministries, to make friends in the royal relatives. Cui family loves folk art, he not only set up shadow class, bang bang class, lotus flower drop class, there are many drum artists in the Cui family singing. Cui family also year-round support these people. Once, Cui Youwen to the Beijing tribute, with drum artists to Prince Gong's Palace to offer art, artists of the skills of the King's pleasure, and determine the "Leiting drum" name. This name has been used to this day. This is the origin of the name of the Leiting drum. Third, the artistic characteristics of the Leiting drum performance is relatively simple, only a drum and a board and a string of a person to sing on it, the singers play the drums and play the board, talking and singing. Depicting the scene, characterizing the characters, discussing the gains and losses, all focused on the singer's mouth, expression and action. Leiting drums used drums, and other genres of drums used drums are basically the same. A snare drum, a bracket underneath, a drum key to strike, but with other drums in the effect of striking is different, has its own fixed drums and routines to set the mood. Leiting drums used board is two crescent-shaped copper plate, called "pear board", in fact, is the "plowshare board" resonance. The plowshare used for plowing is cast with pig iron, which is relatively loud when struck, and the original plate is made of plowshare pieces. Nowadays, the board is made of copper, which has a better tone and a more beautiful appearance. Playing board also has a fixed routine, not only has the role of actors to master the rhythm, but also with the plot changes to play the role of atmosphere. The main instrument accompanying the Leiting drum is the sanxian. The three strings are divided into two kinds: the big three strings and the small three strings. The musical accompaniment of Leiting drum is the big sanxian. The big three-stringed pole long, *** sound box large, loud pronunciation, thick tone, sound farther. Accompanied by three strings can be close to the actor's voice, so that the music and singing can be more integrated. Actors sing a fixed song, accompanied by a fixed song based on the melody. There is no fixed pattern of prelude to interlude, but rely on the accompanist to play according to the requirements of the upper and lower sections of the song, so that the upper and lower singing voices can be better articulated. Leiting drum singing is very rich, the requirements of the word is correct, cavity round, rhyme, taste, the atmosphere is true, colorful, air mouth appropriate, drum plate appropriate. Leting drum singing, self-contained system, unique. Fixed singing cavity is nine cavities and eighteen tunes, some lyrical, some impassioned, some sad, some witty, with these cavities to express different scenes, moods, emotions and moods. The main cantons of the Nine Cantos and Eighteen Tunes include the four big mouths, eight big sentences, four pings, cuts, double boards, tight running water, slow running water, middle running water, back card, bleak tune, withdrawing one-way, slow start, kunqu tails, and ants stirrups, etc. The actors sing according to the drama. Actors in the singing, according to the plot changes in the flexible use of these singing, and the big mouth are generally used in the drum line. In short, the beautiful, rich singing is a major feature of the Leiting drum. Another feature of the Leiting drum is both singing and singing, singing is the nine cavities and eighteen tones, and speaking as other kinds of theater bingbai, more similar to the commentary. Why is it called bingbai? Literally can be understood, "Bin" is not the main, but auxiliary, just as the host and guests. White" is the vernacular, neither singing nor rhyming. Binbai is a kind of Leiting drum singing auxiliary means. Leiting drums of binbai, all using the local language of Leiting, if not speak Leiting language lack of Leiting drums flavor. So outsiders learn to sing Leiting drums, worship Leiting artists as a teacher, first learn Leiting language. This is called "correct mouth" in the Leiting drum artist apprenticeship. It is to correct the original pronunciation and tone of voice, so that it is consistent with the Leiting local language. Leiting drums to learn is not easy, the performance of each style, especially one person singing and one person performance, but also to show different ages, different characters of their respective characteristics, which increases the difficulty of learning to sing Leiting drums. As the saying goes, a board and a string say a thousand times. A person with a mouthful performs a hundred faces of life. If you show the plot of a child, your voice should imitate the child, the change of face should show the child's innocence, and the action should have the child's characteristics. In this way, the character can be more realistically portrayed, and the infectious power of the rap can be enhanced. There are many repertoires of Leiting Drums, including traditional repertoires and modern repertoires. There are long, medium and short pieces. There is a miniature repertoire, Leiting drums called the book hat, more than ten minutes, less than a few minutes, the long drums can continuously rap for one or two months, the middle can rap ten days eight days, the short version of the rap a night, about 2 hours. Now there are more than 200 preserved and documented medium-length book lyrics, and even more short pieces and book caps. The long traditional dramas include Sui and Tang Yuyi, Yang Jiagong, Yue Fei Zhuan, etc. The medium traditional dramas include Wagang Zhai, Hui Gui Jie, Hu Yanqing, etc. The long modern dramas are mainly the modern ones. The long modern dramas are mainly "Fiery Golden Steel", "Heroes of Tongbai", "Guns on the Plain", etc.; the medium modern dramas are mainly "Seizing the Seal", "Fire Burning Zhongjiatan", etc. Most of these plays are based on ancient and modern literature by the author of the re-creation, more into the local language of Leting, become a local characteristics of the big drum plays. Fourth, the significance of inheritance Leiting drum with its rich plate, complete song, distinctive local characteristics by the northern region of the masses of the masses. 1950, Leiting County set up a big drum music team, so that the Leiting drum artists for the first time the government recognized their own organization. And under the support of the government to train a large number of drumming talents. Until today, Leiting County still has a big drum music and art team, Leiting people still love big drum.

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