How to find the artistic characteristics of Hunan folk songs, at least two thousand words. At least two thousand words.

Hunan folk songs can express a variety of different emotions, there is a garden loud and clear mountain songs, beautiful lyrical ditties, there are joyful and active lanterns, low and mournful music, as well as the magnificent labor horn, the grips and gongs, as well as the upwardly spirited revolutionary songs, the structure of its song is rigorous, a variety of songs, especially the use of the liner notes, so that the folk songs in the atmosphere, revealing the character's inner feelings to achieve a very high level of art. The songs have a strict structure and various styles, especially the use of liner notes.

Hunan's four major folk singers are Li Guyi, Song Zuying, Chen Sisi and Zhang Yu

Based on the different ethnic and cultural backgrounds and the different styles and colors of folk songs, Chinese folk songs can be divided into six different styles and colors.

1. the northern grassland culture folk song area;

2. the western Xinjiang folk song area influenced by Islamic culture;

3. the western Tibetan folk song area influenced by Buddhist culture;

4. the multi-ethnic ancient primitive culture folk song area of the southwestern plateau;

5. the hunting culture folk song area of the northeastern part of the country influenced by shamanism;

6. the multi-ethnic semi-farming folk song area of the northwest plateau. Northwest plateau multi-ethnic semi-agricultural and semi-pastoral culture folk song area;

7. Central Plains and the eastern seaboard with ancient traditional culture of the Han folk song area.

As for the classification of folk songs in each folk song area. Due to the different ethnic groups, each has its own traditional division, it is impossible to draw a line, but only the differences.

1. Northern grassland culture folk song area

This folk song area is mainly in the current Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, represented by Mongolian folk songs. The Mongolian people have always been known as the "music nation" and the "poetry nation". Folk songs can be divided into two categories: "long tune" and "short tune". "Long tune" folk songs are mainly popular in the eastern pastoral area and the area north of Yinshan Mountain, characterized by fewer words, longer cadences, rich ornamentation, loud and melodious tones, and free rhythms. They are characterized by few words and long cadences, rich in ornamentation, loud and clear, and free rhythm, reflecting the momentum of the vast grasslands and the broad-mindedness of the herdsmen. Most of the pastoral songs, homesickness songs and hymns belong to long tunes. Famous tunes include "Vast Grassland" and "Pastoral Song". The "short tune" is mainly popular in the western and southern semi-agricultural and semi-pastoral areas, which is characterized by its short structure and regular rhythm, and many narrative songs, love songs and wedding songs belong to the "short tune". Famous short tune folk songs are "Sen Ji De Ma", "small yellow horse" and so on. The ****ness of the grassland culture folk songs is to show the simple, bright, enthusiastic and bold emotion and character of the grassland herdsmen. In addition, in Simon there is a kind of "Meng-Han tune" (barbarian-Han tune), which is the product of mutual absorption and exchange of the musical cultures of the two nationalities of Mongolia and Han. Popular in the Hetao area of the "climbing tone" is also Mongolia, the Han nationality **** with the favorite song types.

2. Western Xinjiang folk song area influenced by Islamic culture

This folk song area is located in Xinjiang, Uygur, Kazakh folk songs as a representative, it has been from Central Asia, the influence of traditional Islamic culture, and Arab music and culture has a certain degree of contact. Uyghur is a people who can sing and dance well, and its art of singing and dancing is famous for its "Twelve Mukams". There are four categories of folk songs: love songs, labor songs, historical songs, and songs of life customs. Uyghur folk songs include Chinese, Arabian and European music systems in terms of tone, and it is one of the most prominent sources of tonal diversity in Chinese folk songs. Many folk songs are combined with dances and have a lively and fun tone. Folk songs famous in China and abroad include "Alabenhan", "Half Moon Climbing Up", "Darban City", "Send Me a Rose", and so on. The Kazakhs live mainly in the northern frontier and are engaged in pastoralism. Folk songs can be divided into three main categories: (l) folk songs with fixed lyrics (including pastoral songs, hunting songs, love songs, religious songs, etc.); (2) folk songs with improvised lyrics (including mountain songs, fishermen's songs, riddle songs, etc.); and (3) customary songs (including wedding songs, weeping marriage songs, marriage delivery songs, etc.). Among them, love songs are the most numerous, mostly expressing the pain and blessing of lovers' parting. There are two systems of Kazakh folk songs: Chinese music and European music. The Chinese music system is characterized by the Gong and Yu modes. The nationally famous ones are "Mayra" and "Wait for me till morning".

3. Tibetan Folk Songs in the West Influenced by Buddhist Culture

This folk song area includes the Tibet Autonomous Region and some Tibetan areas in Qinghai and Sichuan. Folk songs include five categories: mountain songs (pastoral songs), labor songs, love songs, phoenix folk songs, and chanting songs. Most of the folk songs are sung in connection with Buddhist festivals, and many of the folk songs are combined with dances, such as "Nangma", "Piles of Xie", "Fruit Xie", "Potshuang" and other varieties of songs and dances. The music belongs to the Chinese music system, and the folk songs are generally characterized by enthusiasm, cheerfulness, sincerity, moving, rich in plateau characteristics, and strong rhythmic movement. Famous folk songs include "On the Golden Mountain of Beijing". Beijing's Golden Mountain" was originally an arrow song (i.e., a hunting song), which was first circulated in the forested areas of southeastern Tibet. Now it has become a new folk song circulating throughout the country.

4. Southwest Plateau Multi-ethnic Ancient Primitive Culture Folk Song Area

This folk song area includes the ethnic minority areas of Yunnan, Guizhou, Guangxi and other places. There are more than twenty different ethnic groups living here. The folk songs in this area have different levels of ancient cultural characteristics, with special social functions, most of the folk songs are "poetry, song, dance" combined with the form of singing, the content is complex and varied, and at the same time there are different historical stages of the folk songs. As many ethnic groups do not have writing, folk songs have become an important means of recording history, spreading knowledge and socializing, and have become an indispensable part of daily life. All these reflect a special, multi-layered cultural phenomenon. The representative folk songs of this region are polyphonic folk songs. Most ethnic groups have two- and three-part folk songs. Folk songs are categorized into "big songs" and "small songs". The big songs of the Dong, Buyi, Zhuang and other ethnic groups are the most famous, and the big songs are divided into male, female and children's voices, and the big songs in male voices are generally more rhythmic, with bright and fast tunes. The rhythm of female-voiced songs is freer, and the melody is delicate and soft. In addition to the two-voice folk songs, there are also single-voice folk songs. The content of the love-oriented, generally young men and women in the room with a small voice singing. In addition, there are ancient songs, and the ancient songs of the Miao people have the longest history. They describe the formation of heaven and earth and the origin of mankind. They describe the formation of heaven and earth, the origin of mankind, and the reasons for traveling. The tunes are rich in chanting, and most of the singers are old people. The Dong Song became famous nationwide in the 1950s, and other folk songs such as "Gui Hua Open Gui Ren Come" and "A Fine Jumping Moon Song" are also representative of the repertoire.

5. Northeastern hunting culture folk song area under the influence of shamanism

This folk song area mainly includes the northeast of the big and small Hinggan Mountains, represented by Oroqen folk songs (including Ewenke, Hezhe, Daur, Manchu chips), Oroqen retained many traces of primitive society before 1949. This is a people who love songs and dances, used to make a living by hunting, and whenever they return from hunting, or national festivals, they will have songs and dances. Their folk songs can be divided into three categories: (l) mountain songs, (2) songs and dances, (3) shaman tunes. Mountain songs and divided into "long tune," "short tune", "long tune" high-pitched robust, free beat; "short tune" tune is smooth, rhythmic regularity. Most of the songs and dances are in the form of a leader and a crowd. Shaman tune is for inviting the gods, jumping gods, ancestor worship, funeral songs, tune chanting type, mostly for the leader and. Oroqen folk songs are in pentatonic scale. Most of them are in Gong and Fei tunes. Their favorite folk songs are "Ehulan? De Hulan", which is a song to praise the nature. Besides, "Oroqen Minor Song" is also famous in the country.

6. Northwest Plateau Multi-ethnic Semi-Agricultural and Semi-Animal Husbandry Culture Folk Song Area

This folk song area includes the upper reaches of the Yellow River in Gansu, Qinghai, and Ningxia, and there are areas inhabited by the Han, Hui, Tujia, Sala, Bao'an, Dongxiang, Tibetans, and Yugu ethnic groups. Since ancient times, it has belonged to the category of semi-agricultural and semi-pastoral culture. Historically, it used to be the "Silk Road" must pass through the place, the east and west cultural exchanges earlier, because of the long-term multi-ethnicization and fusion, produced eight nationalities and have the song species - "flowers". The folk songs of this area can be divided into two categories: "family songs" and "wild songs", "family songs" include all kinds of wine songs, banquet songs, small words, rice-planting songs, etc.; "wild songs" include "flowers", "flowers", "flowers", "flowers", "flowers", "flowers", "flowers", "flowers", "flowers", "flowers", "flowers" and "flowers". The "wild songs" include all kinds of mountain songs and pastoral songs, including "flower children". Wild songs can only be sung outdoors. "Hua'er" is a representative song, with a long and high melody, a deep and melodious tone, and a coarse and simple temperament. No matter which ethnic groups are sung in Chinese, and each ethnic group has its own liner notes, Chinese and foreign well-known repertoire of "up high mountains looking at the plains".

7. The Central Plains and the eastern seaboard has an ancient traditional culture of the Han folk song area

Han folk song area in the six districts belongs to the largest one, from the cold north to the subtropical south, from the northwestern plateau, southwestern plateau to the eastern seaboard plains, geographic conditions, customs and habits, life, and a variety of modes of production. Although the language is the same as Chinese, the dialects are different from place to place. There are great differences between the east, west, south and north, and the style and characteristics of folk songs also show a variety of features. On the other hand, the Han people have more than ten million people in the northern grassland folk song area, the northwestern semi-agricultural and semi-pastoral folk song area, and the multi-ethnic folk song area in the southwestern plateau, so the phenomenon of partial overlap of the folk song area also exists, based on the above, the Han people's folk song area can be further divided into ten branches and one special area.

(l) Northeastern Du Plain Folk Song Sub-region;

(2) Northwestern Plateau Folk Song Sub-region;

(3) Jianghuai Folk Song Sub-region;

(4) Jiangzhe Plain Folk Song Sub-region;

(5) Min and Taiwan Folk Song Sub-region;

(6) Yue Folk Song Sub-region;

(7) Jianghan Plain Folk Song Sub-region;<

(8) Xiang Folk Song Subregion;

(9) Gan Folk Song Subregion;

(10) Southwest Plateau Folk Song Subregion,

(11) Hakka Folk Song Special Region.

There are many varieties of Han folk songs, which can be divided into ten major categories only for their different social functions: namely, labor calls, mountain songs, ditties, field songs, fishing songs, tea songs, rice-planting songs (including lamp songs), custom songs, children's songs, and shaking children's songs.

(1) Northeastern Plains Folk Song Branch

This area includes the lower reaches of the Yellow River in Shandong, Hebei, northeastern Henan, and northern Suzhou, as well as the three provinces of Liaoning, Jilin, and Heilongjiang, which is basically a coastal plains area. Since ancient times the lower reaches of the Yellow River belonged to a culturally more developed area than the school. According to minor differences in style, the district can be further divided into two neighborhoods, Shandong, Hebei and part of Hebei and northern Suzhou as the first neighborhood; Liao, Jilin and Hei as the second neighborhood. The second neighborhood is actually the immigrant area of the first neighborhood. So the folk songs are of the same approximate style. The entire region uses the eastern northern dialect. The folk songs here are mainly ditties, followed by rice-planting songs and trumpets, and very few mountain songs. The representative folk songs include "Little Cabbage", "Painting the Fan Face", "Yimeng Mountain Ditty", "Little Watching Theater" and so on.

(2) Northwestern Plateau Folk Song Branch

This area includes Shanxi, most of Shaanxi, northwestern Henan, the Inner Mongolia Loop, as well as Gan, Qing, and Ning Han-dominated areas. The east is separated from the northeastern folk song area by the Taihang Mountains, and the north and south are each south of the Yinshan Mountains and north of the Qinling Mountains, which belong to the middle and upper reaches of the Yellow River. In the past, the transportation is not convenient, folk music is less with the foreign exchanges, the use of the Northwest are northern dialect. Folk songs are most prominent in mountain songs. They include "Albatross", "Mountain Song", "Mountain Climbing Song" and "Flower Children". The second is rice-planting songs and ditties. The nationally known songs include "Going to the West", "Catching Livestock", "Orchid Blossom", "Pushing Fried Noodles", "Brother Wu Raising Sheep", "Plowing Taro", "Embroidered Gold Plaque", and so on.

(3) Jianghuai Folk Song Branch

This area includes the northern part of Suzhou, Anhui and the southeastern part of Henan in the Huaihe River Basin, and is bounded on the west by the Dabie Mountains and the Jianghan Folk Song Area. The area is in between the Yellow River and Yangtze River Basin, and the music culture is characterized by a transitional nature with the integration of southern and northern factors. The northern dialect is used. Folk songs are prominent in field songs and ditties, followed by rice-planting songs and mountain songs. Famous songs include "Fengyang Flower Drums", "Wang Sanjia Catching up with the Market", "Playing the Wheat Song" and "Pi Gen Lu Zhai Hua".

(4) Jiangsu and Zhejiang Plain Folk Song Branch

This area includes Nandu, Jiangsu, Shanghai, and most of Zhejiang, located in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, which is the ancient land of Wu and Yue. Culture is more developed, people's life is more affluent, has always been known as the fishing and rice township of Jiangnan. The dialect spoken is Wu. Folk songs are mainly in small tunes, and famous tunes include "Purple Bamboo Tune", "Wuxi Scene", "Jasmine Flower", "Crying Chichi", "Pair of Birds", and so on.

(5) Min and Taiwan Folk Song Branch

This area includes most of Fujian, most of Taiwan and the Chaoshan area of Guangdong. Fujian and Taiwan have had a cultural relationship since ancient times, and the local Han Chinese in Taiwan have been using the Minnan language; in addition, there are some ****same local operas and rap music in the two places. Folk songs are highlighted by mountain songs, plow field poems, and ditties, and famous tunes include "Picking Tea and Puffing Butterflies", "Tea Boys' Songs", and "Tianwuwu".

(6) Yue folk song branch

The area includes the Pearl River Basin of Guangdong Metropolis, Guang You southeast, as well as part of Hainan, north of the South Ridge as the border with Gan folk song area adjacent. Here is located in the subtropics, the Pearl River crosses the east and west, culture and overseas exchanges earlier, using Cantonese dialect. In the past, the vast number of fishermen became an important social class in the district. Folk songs are most prominent in fishing songs - salty water songs. Famous tunes include "Falling Water Sky", "Spring Cow Tune" and "Li Li Mei".

(7) Jianghan Plain Folk Song Sub-region

This region includes Hubei, southwestern Henan, and parts of northern Hunan, the center of ancient Chu culture. The southwestern dialect is used. The ancient culture is relatively developed and the folk art has a long history, and still retains its ancient local characteristics in many aspects. Folk songs are most prominent in field songs, followed by lamp songs, ditties, custom songs and mountain songs. Famous repertoires include "Huang Si Sister" and "Honghu Fishing Song".

(8) Xiang Folk Song Branch

This area includes Hunan and several counties on the northeast corner of Guangxi. Located on the south bank of the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, it is also the ancient land of Chu. The people of the Chu style, the land attacked the Chu customs, it and the Jianghan folk song area has a thousand inextricable links, but the use of the dialect is different, this area of the general Xiang dialect. The most representative folk songs are mountain songs and field songs. Famous repertoire includes "Masang Village Children Playing Lampstand", "A Pond of Lotus Flowers and Lotus Ponds", and "Going up to Sichuan".

(9) Gan Folk Song Branch

This area takes the middle, north and east of Jiangxi as its basic range, and uses the Gan dialect. Located between the ancient Wu and Chu, Wu and Chu culture have had a certain impact on it, with the nature of the Yangtze River Basin East-West cultural exchanges in the transition zone, the folk songs of a strong blend. Tea songs are the most characteristic, followed by ditties and lamp songs. Field songs in the "drumming song" is also very prominent. Famous songs include "Azalea Blossom", "Picking Tea Seeds" and "Send a Man to the Red Army".

(10) Southwest Plateau Folk Song Branch

This area includes Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, southern Shaanxi and part of northwest Guangxi. It is bounded by the Qinling Mountains in the north and generalizes the Southwest dialect. The representative folk songs are mountain songs, followed by lamp songs. In addition the Sichuan River Boatman's Horn is also very distinctive. Famous tunes include "The Little River Flows", "Catching Horses", "When Will the Sophora Blossom Bloom", "I Live in Guiyangfu, Guizhou" and so on.

(11) Hakka Folk Song Special Zone

The Hakka people are widely distributed, with a population of more than 80 million nationwide, and the Min'ou Special Zone mainly refers to the border zone of three provinces, including northeastern Guangdong, southwestern Fujian and southeastern Jiangxi. Here the Hakka people are more concentrated, the Hakka is an ancient war by the northern central plains of the immigrants, retained the ancient heritage, the use of Hakka dialect. Hakka folk songs are mainly mountain songs, and the famous repertoire includes "Lamp Red Song" and "Wind Blowing Bamboo Leaves", etc. The Hakka folk songs are mainly mountain songs.

Folk songs (FOLK) originally refers to the traditional songs of each ethnic group, the ancestors of each ethnic group have had their own songs since ancient times, the vast majority of these songs do not know who is the author, and the oral transmission, one by one, one by ten, one by one, one by one, one by one, one by one. However, what we call folk songs (FOLK) today mostly refers to the folk songs of the pop era (FOLK), which refers to the kind of songs that are sung in a natural and frank way, mainly with a wooden guitar as an accompaniment, and which expresses the feelings of a pure and simple life of the people.

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Categorization of Chinese Folk Songs:

Chinese folk songs are categorized in many ways. According to the form of genre, it can be roughly divided into three categories: bugle (including porter's bugle, boatman's bugle, workshop bugle, etc.), mountain song (including general mountain song, grazing mountain song, rice-planting mountain song, etc.), and ditty (including ballad, seasonal tune, custom and ritual song, and dance song, etc.). In some scholars' treatises, folk songs are subdivided into bugles, mountain songs, herding songs, rice-planting songs, boat songs, nursery rhymes, ditties, and custom and ritual songs. The classification of genres helps to recognize and study the relationship between folk songs and people's lives, the social functions of folk songs, and the methods and characteristics of musical expression.

Classification according to the stylistic colors of nationalities and regions. There are 56 nationalities in China, and due to the differences in their historical traditions, linguistic characteristics, and living customs, the styles and colors of folk songs of different nationalities are far apart. Some of the ethnic groups that are more numerous and live in a wider area, such as the Han, Mongolian, Tibetan, Zhuang, Uyghur and other ethnic groups, can also be divided into a number of color zones according to the musical characteristics of their folk songs in different regions. For example, Han folk songs can be roughly divided into Northwest China, North China, Northeast China, Southwest China, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian, Guangdong, Taiwan, Hunan, Hubei, Jiangsu and Huaihua 8 color areas, of which the first 3 areas belong to the northern slice, the 4th to 6th belong to the southern slice, the 7th and 8th belong to the north-south transition area. There are also the southern piece and the transition area is divided into Yun Gui Qian, Sichuan, Xiang E, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian, Guangdong, Taiwan and other four regions. Divided into different ways, each has its own basis.

The classification of style and color helps to understand and study the style and color of folk songs and the relationship between music and folklore. Classification according to the content of the theme helps to recognize and study the relationship between the content and form of folk songs and other issues. In addition, there are also classified according to the period of historical development, or out of the need for a particular topic of study and special classification.

The hills and land in Hunan Province are widely spread, and the songs are widely circulated. The local people categorize the Hunan songs into three types: "high-cavity", "flat-cavity" and "low-cavity". High-cavity songs are high-pitched, free-rhythm, trailing cavity often have "a woo ah woo" and other liner notes, mostly adult men in the field with falsetto singing; flat-cavity songs are long, long, long, mostly adult men in the field with the real voice singing; low-cavity songs are beautiful, soft, rhythmic, smaller volume, mostly women in the indoor singing.

In the Spring and Autumn and Warring States Periods, Hunan Province was under the jurisdiction of the State of Chu, and the people believed in ghosts and good sacrifices, and the sacrifices must be accompanied by songs and drums to entertain the gods. From the folk songs of this area, Qu Yuan created the "Chu Rhetoric", which can be a little bit of the style of folk music at that time. The Chu Rhetoric has a strong romanticism color, full of bold imagination, pursuit and hope. The Hunan mountain songs that have been handed down to this day are still a continuation of the Romantic style of creation.

Hunan folk songs not only have beautiful and touching lyrics, the tunes are also fresh and unique.

Hunan folk songs can express a variety of different emotions, including loud and clear mountain songs, beautiful and lyrical ditties, cheerful and active lanterns, low and mournful songs, as well as magnificent labor horns, stirring grass-gathering gongs and drums, and exciting and uplifting revolutionary songs, which have a rigorous compositional structure and a wide variety of styles, especially the use of interludes, which make folk songs achieve a very high artistic level in terms of setting the mood, revealing the characters' inner feelings and so on. The folk songs have reached a very high artistic level in terms of setting the atmosphere and revealing the inner feelings of the characters.