The influence of Confucian educational thought

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On the educational significance and ideological influence of Confucian culture Abstract: In the long feudal culture of China, Confucianism has become one of the main cultural bodies with its unique charm. It has profound ideological theory and far-reaching influence on later generations. This paper mainly combs the educational significance of Confucianism and its influence on later generations, so as to provide reference for modern educational thought.

Keywords: Confucianism; Confucius; Educational significance; The influence of ideology

Confucianism came into being in the violent turbulent period of the transition from slavery to feudalism during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. Confucius hoped to restore the social system based on etiquette in Zhou Dynasty and put forward a set of theories with "benevolence" as the core. Only by realizing the five virtues of "courtesy, tolerance, faithfulness, sensitivity and benefit" can benevolence be realized. Subsequently, Mencius put forward the "people-oriented thought", advocating "controlling people's wealth", advocating kingliness, opposing hegemony, and emphasizing righteousness over profit. Later, Xunzi developed Confucianism of Confucius and Mencius. In his view, "heaven will always be there, not for Yao's survival, nor for Jie's death." It advocates giving full play to people's subjective initiative and emphasizing acquired learning, so that everyone can become a saint ... The ideas put forward by the representatives of pre-Qin Confucianism laid the embryonic form of China's traditional culture. Since then, Dong Zhongshu in Han Dynasty put forward the idea of "ousting a hundred schools of thought and respecting Confucianism alone", emphasizing Confucianism as the foundation of the country and putting an end to other ideological systems. Since then, Confucian Classics has become a prominent school, and Confucianism has become the orthodox thought of China's ancient feudal culture. Since then, Confucianism has developed to varying degrees, and its thoughts have penetrated into all fields of social life.

First, the educational significance of Confucianism

Confucius is not only a great politician and thinker, but also a great educator. There are 3000 disciples of Confucius. In his educational practice, he summed up many effective educational methods, such as "reviewing the past and learning the new", "listening more and asking more questions", "knowing is knowing, not knowing is not knowing", "learning without thinking is useless, thinking without learning is lazy" and so on. The following three aspects are selected to talk about the educational significance of Confucian culture to future generations.

1, "teach without class". Confucius first put forward the idea of "teaching without class". Confucius' students don't have to worry about family background. Anyone who is interested in learning can serve the monarch by learning and mastering knowledge. From this chapter, we can get a glimpse of Confucius' social ideal and his teachings to his disciples. Because of this, many poor but knowledgeable disciples have been created.

2. Teach students in accordance with their aptitude. The ancients said that "sex is similar, learning is far away." Confucius understands the personal and family situation of each student, and then gives different education according to the characteristics of each student. Confucius said, "Follow the fruit, follow the ceremony, follow the art", "Learn from the teacher, business is not as good as it is", "Chai is stupid, learn from the teacher and follow the proverb". Confucius was able to familiarize himself with 3,000 disciples and educate them, which really made future generations admire him.

3. Heuristic teaching. Confucius put forward heuristic teaching for the first time in the history of education in China. Confucius said, "If you don't get angry, you won't get angry. No three turns,no. " From the Analects of Confucius, we can see that he is humble and kind to students, and is good at enlightening and inducing students from the simple to the deep, making them easy to understand and benefiting a lot.

Second, the influence of Confucianism on later generations.

1, "golden mean culture". The doctrine of the mean mainly emphasizes "goodness". "Being moderate" is suitable, and "being brave" is doing things in a suitable way. "The Doctrine of the Mean" refers to grasping moderation, doing things in moderation, and striving to stay within a reasonable range. This is still of great reference value to our modern society.

2. Emphasize the combination of knowledge and practice. Emphasizing the unity of knowing and doing is a prominent feature of Confucian educational thought. Confucius asked people to "match words with deeds", emphasized "practice", and insisted that "there will be results if words and deeds are consistent". Confucius said that "a gentleman knows his way by learning", "he knows his way by doing" and "he is close to benevolence by doing". Zhu also attached great importance to "practice". Zhu Xi said: "Therefore, sages must put poverty first and practice to the end." What he said is to emphasize practice on the basis of understanding.

3. "Suicide, die for righteousness". Confucianism emphasizes the correct view of justice and benefit. When life and morality can't have both, Confucianism chooses to sacrifice his life for righteousness. Mencius said, "Fish is what I want; Bear's paw is also what I want; You can't have your cake and eat it. You can't have your cake and eat it. Life is what I want; Righteousness is also what I want; You can't have your cake and eat it. Life is what I want. I want it more than the living, so I don't want it. Death is also what I hate. It is more evil than the dead, so I have nothing to lose. " Confucius said, "A benevolent person is a benevolent person, but if he has nothing, he will harm benevolence, but if he is killed, he will become a benevolent person."

4. "Smelling the Road" and "Walking". Confucius said, "Listen in the morning and die at night." Confucian scholars believe that the value of life can only be reflected in the streets. Confucian scholars regard "benevolence" and "propriety" as the most basic scope and highest criterion of moral behavior, and become the ultimate pursuit goal of life. From "self-cultivation" to "governing the country and leveling the world", people with lofty ideals are required to "smell the Tao" and "walk the road" and realize their own value.

5. "loyalty and filial piety." Filial piety to parents and loyalty to the imperial court are the principles that our feudal society has always followed. Confucianism requires filial piety to parents, loyalty to the monarch and patriotism. Confucius emphasized that "filial piety" is the basis of "benevolence". We advocate "filial piety when we enter, filial piety when we leave", filial piety for parents, love for brothers and orderly growth. Extending the principle of "filial piety" to the country is loyalty to the monarch and patriotism. At the same time, treating people around you with "loyalty and forgiveness" is the way of "benevolence" To "stand up for yourself, stand up for yourself and reach out for others." "Don't do to others what you don't want them to do to you."

6. "No equipment". Confucius said, "A gentleman is useless." This means that a gentleman can only play one role, instead of focusing on one skill and one ability like an implement. Confucianism believes that a gentleman should pursue the avenue, rather than sticking to the "Tao" with one skill and one skill. Although there are considerable people in the road, a gentleman does not do things. "A gentleman is not a tool" requires people to "swim in the art" and "be good at the art" and rise from "tool" to "non-tool" so as to achieve the truth.

7. "Cautious independence" and honesty. The word "cautious independence" comes from the Confucian golden mean. "Tao, a moment cannot leave the Tao. Therefore, a gentleman who is cautious and ignorant is afraid to ignore it and is invisible and insignificant. Therefore, gentlemen are cautious and independent. " Zheng Xuan in the Eastern Han Dynasty explained: "It is prudent to be alone." In fact, "cautious independence" means being cautious about what you say and do, keeping moral integrity and independence at all times when you live alone. Xunzi linked "cautious independence" with "sincerity". If you are dishonest, you won't be lonely. This puts forward the requirement of honesty. Honesty is the moral premise of perfect personality, and it is also the link to communicate interpersonal relationships and promote mutual respect and trust between people. The Confucian concept of "honesty" is the foundation of the country as well as the country.

In a word, Confucianism is indeed a rare and precious resource in China's traditional culture. Today, mankind is in an era of transition from industrial civilization to ecological civilization. In order to create a lifestyle suitable for the new civilization, we should not only sum up the lessons of the industrial civilization era, but also learn the wisdom of human survival from the classical agricultural civilization. Although Confucianism has its limitations, we should take its essence, make rational use of it in today's society and give play to its reasonable educational guiding significance.

References:

[1] Yang Bojun. Analects of Confucius Beijing. Zhonghua Book Company, 1980.6438+02.2.

[2] Zhu Zhu. Notes on four books and four chapters. Beijing. Zhonghua Book Company. 50438+0038+00.338+0.

[3] Liu Baonan. The Analects of Justice. The cost of various schools of thought. Shanghai. Shanghai Bookstore Publishing House

[4] Hou Wailu editor. A general history of China's ideological history. Beijing. People's publishing house. 5558+02 .55559.555555555656