What is the prospect of physical medicine as a direction of examination and research?

The development of the discipline of physical medicine and rehabilitation in China has gone through a process of development from physical therapy, physical medicine, physical medicine and rehabilitation.

Before liberation, physical therapy was only carried out in a very few large hospitals. After liberation, in the early 1950s, under the leadership of the Ministry of Health, with the help of experts from the former Soviet Union, many doctors and technicians were trained to become the backbone of the national physical therapy, physical therapy work, and many large and medium-sized hospitals to establish a physical therapy department. 1958 May set up the Preparatory Committee of the Physical Therapy Society of the Chinese Medical Association. the late 50's, the diagnostic ultrasound and diagnostic technology of electromyography were the first to be used in the Department of Physical Therapy, and later transferred to the application of clinical departments. In the late 1950s, ultrasonography and electromyography were first used in the Physical Therapy Department, and then transferred to the Clinical Department. The clinical application of physical therapy has a rapid development, and began the research on the mechanism of physical factors.

This discipline was greatly impacted by the decade of turmoil. After the ten-year turmoil gradually recovered and developed. 1978 Chinese Medical Association Physical Therapy Society was formally established, created the Chinese Journal of Physical Therapy and the Chinese Journal of Physics. Through the introduction and research, new physical therapy and diagnostic techniques continue to appear, modern physical therapy methods combined with China's traditional therapies, the application of physical factors and research continues to expand the scope and speed, this discipline from the stage of physical therapy into the stage of physical medicine.

In 1982, China introduced the concept of modern rehabilitation medicine, and organized the study of knowledge and technology of rehabilitation medicine. in the mid-80's, the cause of modern rehabilitation medicine in China gradually emerged and developed. Some provinces and cities have set up rehabilitation medical institutions, some large and medium-sized hospitals have set up rehabilitation medicine departments, and many hospitals' physical therapy departments and sanatoriums have strengthened the rehabilitation consciousness and carried out rehabilitation medical work on the basis of the original physical therapy and physical therapy work. Some rehabilitation medicine workers have established rehabilitation medicine academic groups, and organized rehabilitation medicine academic exchanges around the world. This discipline began to enter the stage of physical medicine and rehabilitation. In order to adapt to the development of rehabilitation medicine, the Chinese Medical Association Physical Therapy Society in July 1985 changed its name to the Chinese Medical Association Physical Rehabilitation Society, and some hospitals have also changed the name of the physical therapy department. Since then, the rehabilitation medical work has become more and more extensive and in-depth, and published a number of monographs on rehabilitation medicine, founded a journal. In order to the development of the discipline and the need for international standards, the Chinese Medical Association Physical Rehabilitation Society in June 1995 changed its name to the Chinese Medical Association Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Branch.

This discipline in the physical medicine and rehabilitation stage after the construction of the discipline has made gratifying achievements and progress.

The application of physical factors and research in the breadth and concentration of a great deal of new progress. Such as: the application of functional electrical stimulation to improve the motor function of paralyzed limbs; the application of millimeter wave treatment of ulcer disease, inflammation, trauma, radiation and chemotherapy after bone marrow caused by the inhibition of blood function and other diseases, and millimeter wave biological effects of the study; carried out ultraviolet irradiation on the influence of blood fibrinolytic system and thrombolytic effect of the study; more widely used ultraviolet irradiation oxygenated autologous blood transfusion therapy and helium-neon laser intravascular We have widely used ultraviolet irradiation oxygenated autologous blood transfusion therapy and helium-neon laser intravascular irradiation in the treatment of cardio-cerebral ischemic diseases, craniocerebral injuries, diabetes mellitus, and some disease-free diseases, and we have studied the effects of these two therapies on the rheology of the blood, the immune function, the sugar metabolism, and the lipid metabolism. In the past, tumors were considered to be contraindications to physical therapy, and in the last two decades many physical factors have entered this forbidden zone, with the emergence of electrochemotherapy, extracorporeal and intracorporeal heating therapy with high-frequency electricity and ultrasound, microwave tissue coagulation method on the body surface or transendoscopic therapy, high-energy laser therapy, photodynamic therapy, cryotherapy, and so on, and also carried out with different modalities and different intensities of magnetic fields, high-frequency electromagnetic field-induced implantation in vivo We have also conducted research on the tumor-suppressive effects of different modalities and intensities of magnetic fields, high-frequency electromagnetic field-induced implantation, heat generation by ferromagnetic heat seeds, magnetic microspheres of anticancer drugs, etc., as well as on the mechanisms of various therapeutic methods. In recent years, there are also papers reporting on the study of biological effects such as the influence of infrasound on brain function.

Exercise therapy is an important means of rehabilitation therapy, which has been increasingly emphasized. Techniques such as exercise physiotherapy, motor development therapy, and the Maitland maneuver have been introduced to enrich and expand the techniques of exercise therapy. Exercise therapy is widely used in the rehabilitation of motor dysfunction in neurological and osteoarthritic diseases, in the rehabilitation of cardiopulmonary diseases, and in the health care of the elderly. There are many papers reporting studies on the effects of exercise on cardiopulmonary function, sugar metabolism in the body, and fat metabolism.

Many units have developed simple and practical occupational therapy according to their own conditions to improve patients' daily life activities and employability. There are also some units that carry out speech therapy, recreational therapy, psychotherapy, so that the patient's body and mind to get a full recovery.

Rehabilitation assessment is an important basis for the development of rehabilitation treatment programs and determine the efficacy of treatment. Domestic scholars not only apply and study the assessment methods introduced from abroad, such as: Bronnstrom method, Fugl-Meyer method, MAS method, SIAS method, etc. for assessing stroke, Barthel index method for assessing daily living activities, FIM method for comprehensive assessment, etc. In order to suit the national situation, they also study the modification of rehabilitation assessment methods. In order to adapt to the national conditions, we also study to amend the evaluation methods of foreign countries or formulate new evaluation methods, such as: the evaluation of daily living activities ability, the evaluation of quality of life, and so on. Many papers have reported the application of neurophysiological examination methods, such as electromyography and evoked potential examination in rehabilitation medicine, and in recent years, P300 potential examination has been reported to provide objective quantitative indexes for the evaluation of cognitive function of the brain. In addition, some units use the balance instrument to assess the functional status of nerve and bone and joint diseases, and the isokinetic myodynamic instrument to assess the function of the extensor flexor muscles in knee injuries and diseases.

In the rehabilitation of specialized diseases, the rehabilitation of cerebrovascular disease is a key topic. There are a large number of reports on stroke rehabilitation assessment and rehabilitation treatment in China, which account for the largest proportion of specialty rehabilitation topics. All the reports highlight the importance of early comprehensive rehabilitation treatment, and consider that the functional recovery is faster and better for patients who start rehabilitation treatment within 1 month of stroke onset, or even within a few days of stabilization of vital signs in comprehensive treatment. In recent years, more than ten hospitals in China have jointly carried out the research on "Early Rehabilitation of Stroke". Now, stroke patients are not only focusing on the rehabilitation of limb motor dysfunction, but also swallowing disorders, unilateral spatial neglect, cognitive disorders, speech disorders, psychological disorders, as well as shoulder-hand syndrome, shoulder subluxation, limb spasms and other comorbidities.

Rehabilitation of bone and joint injuries is also a popular topic. Many papers report on the efficacy of physical therapy, manipulative therapy, motor function training of integrated rehabilitation treatment for injuries and diseases such as cervical spondylosis, lumbar intervertebral disc herniation, frozen shoulder, limb fracture, spinal fracture, broken finger reimplantation, repair and reconstruction of tendon injuries and motor dysfunction after hip arthroplasty. Some units of isometric muscle training for patients with osteoarticular muscle injuries and diseases, which is considered to be an effective way to enhance muscle strength and improve limb movement.

In addition, in recent years, the rehabilitation of craniocerebral injury to take early integrated rehabilitation training, in promoting the recovery of motor function and cognitive function recovery has achieved satisfactory results. Cardiac rehabilitation has been further developed in some hospitals, and a two- to three-week rehabilitation program for the early period after acute myocardial infarction and coronary artery bypass grafting has been proposed, which has also achieved successful experience. Recent studies have found that the formation of hypertrophic scar is mainly due to the reduction of fibroblast apoptosis and collagen degradation, which puts forward a new focus for the prevention and treatment of hypertrophic scar.

In order to promote the academic exchanges of this specialty, our specialty chapter has organized several national academic conferences in recent years, such as: the Second National Rehabilitation Therapy Conference in May 1996; the National Symposium on Rehabilitation Education in May 1997; the Second National Rehabilitation Evaluation Conference in September 1997; and the National Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Conference in October 1998, which is the first national conference for young and middle-aged academic exchanges. and the First Academic Exchange Conference for Young and Middle-aged People in October 1998. Academic conferences have also been held in various regions, provinces and municipalities to achieve mutual learning and promotion. Scholars of my discipline have actively participated in international academic conferences and academic exchanges, such as: China-Korea Medical Exchange Conference sponsored by the Chinese Medical Association, the Twelfth Congress of the International Society of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, the Seventh and Eighth Congress of the International Society of Rehabilitation Medicine and other academic conferences, amounting to nearly one hundred times. The International Society of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation accepts the Chinese Medical Association Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Branch as a member, and the fourth members of the Branch (members of the Specialized Society) have all become member states.

The two journals belonging to our chapter have also made new progress in recent years. The Chinese Journal of Physical Therapy has improved the quality of its scholarly papers, and has changed from a quarterly to a bimonthly journal since 1998. The Chinese Journal of Physical Medicine has gradually shifted from diagnostic ultrasound and medical physics to physical medicine and rehabilitation as its main content, and the journal officially became the Chinese Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation in 1999, and changed to a bimonthly publication in 2000. In recent years, it has also published a number of specialized books, such as: New Physical Therapy, Clinical and Practical Physical Therapy, Practical Physical Therapy, Present Rehabilitation Therapy Technology, Modern Rehabilitation Diagnostic and Treatment Manual, Rehabilitation Assessment and Treatment of Stroke, Clinical Rehabilitation of Cerebrovascular Disease, Cardiac Rehabilitation, Rehabilitation Diagnostic and Treatment Standards, and Publication of Chinese Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Monographs. Overview" and so on. In addition, there are many books to be published soon, such as "Theory and Practice of Rehabilitation Medicine" co-authored by dozens of domestic experts, "The Complete Book of Physiotherapy", "Chinese Rehabilitation Medicine", second edition, and so on. The professional terms edited and validated by the professional terms validation group of our branch will also be published at the end of 1999. 32 experts in my discipline, co-authored by the 1993 publication of the higher medical school reference textbook "Rehabilitation Medicine" book in 1996 by the Ministry of Health, the Third National Excellent Textbook Second Prize, the Ministry of Health, Medicine and Health Outstanding scientific and technological works for scientific and technological progress of the Third Prize.

As my discipline is relatively young, ten years of turmoil during the discipline team was weakened, the phenomenon of personnel fault is more serious, specializing in training middle and senior professionals in few schools, and the rapid development of the discipline, the need for a large number of talents. To this end, many provinces and cities, schools, units to grasp a variety of forms of schooling: (a) formal university, junior college education: now the medical department of the domestic training of my professional undergraduates diversion class has two, the training of junior college students in three professional classes, training of junior colleges and universities, there are four schools, responsible for training young professionals. (ii) Cultivation of working personnel: the national physiotherapy/physical rehabilitation physicians' refresher course at Liaoning Tanggangzi Physiotherapy Hospital has been held for 17 years***17 periods since 1979, and in recent years four national adult higher education diploma courses for physiotherapy majors have been successfully organized. With the support of the World Health Organization, several rehabilitation training courses have been held in China, including 7 training courses for rehabilitation physicians in various provinces and cities across the country organized by Tongji Medical University. 3 courses for rehabilitation therapists at Anhui Medical University and 3 courses at Zhongshan Medical University. The China Rehabilitation Research Center has persisted in organizing training courses for rehabilitation physicians and therapists for 10 years, and has *** trained 3,376 people. These courses have enabled on-the-job medical technicians and therapists to update their knowledge. (III) Cultivation of senior talents: Now there are 9 master's degree points in the country, and nearly 100 master's degree students have graduated; there are 1 doctoral degree point, and 5 doctoral degree students have graduated, which is a young backbone force in my discipline. According to incomplete statistics, my discipline has nearly 10,000 professional physicians, of which more than 350 people above the title of vice senior.

With the development of the discipline, China's physical therapy, rehabilitation assessment, rehabilitation treatment of the development and production of instruments and equipment development is also rapid. Many factories and research units have appeared in China to develop and produce the instruments and equipments needed for my specialty. Under the efforts and cooperation of the engineers and the personnel of my discipline, a lot of new products have appeared in recent years, such as: pulsed ultrashort-wave therapy instrument, high-frequency electrically-heated tumor therapeutic instrument, microwave tissue-coagulation therapeutic instrument, millimeter-wave therapeutic instrument, photo-quantum therapeutic instrument, helium-neon laser intravascular irradiation therapeutic instrument, and semiconductor laser therapeutic instrument, Biofeedback therapeutic instrument, new cervical and lumbar traction device, limb pneumatic pressure therapeutic instrument, exercise therapy equipment, occupational therapy equipment, myoelectric prosthesis, new wheelchair, arm stability tester, balance measuring instrument, speech training system, etc., which promotes the development of my professional and technical work. Transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation therapy instrument, computerized intermediate frequency therapy instrument, infrared therapy instrument, ultraviolet therapy instrument, magnetic therapy instrument and other equipment miniaturization, miniaturization, so that physical therapy can be more at the grass-roots level to carry out, and even into the family. The mass production of home health care sports equipment has adapted to the transformation of the medical model and the development of the medical market. Some new technologies, new instruments are being studied, such as: magnetic stimulation instrument, isokinetic muscle testing and training instrument, gait analyzer, radio-controlled functional electrical stimulation instrument, environmental control systems. The successful development of these high-tech instruments will certainly make the development of my discipline to a higher level.

The twenty-first century is coming, we have to strengthen the unity and cooperation, improve medical services, in-depth research and exploration, vigorously cultivate talents, narrow the gap between the region, more results, *** with the cross-century for the construction of a Chinese characteristics of the high level of physical medicine and rehabilitation disciplines, in order to improve the people's quality of life and contribute to the force. Reprinted from Prof. Tan Weiyi's "Progress of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation in China"