The ... Understand the stylistic characteristics of Regular Script, Running Script, Seal Script, Official Script and Cursive Script. 2. To understand the basic trajectory of the development of Chinese

The ... Understand the stylistic characteristics of Regular Script, Running Script, Seal Script, Official Script and Cursive Script. 2. To understand the basic trajectory of the development of Chinese calligraphy. 3. Understand the traditional brushwork, The following answers are for reference only

Question 1

Regular Script: First, neatness and uniformity. The overall sense of the Regular Script chapter, first of all, is neat, the words are arranged in the form of words and words, rows and rows of equidistant, giving a stable, solemn visual effect, this form is most suitable for the strict sense of the Regular Script. Junction of the word width, length of the different modeling to produce local variations, they are neat and uniform and not dull and formal Regular Script will not appear discordant or monotonous drawbacks.

The second, diverse and unified. Zhao body regular script is the most important feature is with the components of the book, the penmanship is variable, because the word shape, not deliberately arranged, in diversity, variability in a very harmonious and unified relationship. It gives people the feeling that there is movement in the stillness, and the words blend feelings. A piece of calligraphy artwork is first infected by its overall effect, and the whole is composed of countless parts. Therefore, in the layout of the chapter, should not ignore the details of each word, such as the shape of the word, length, interjection changes, light and heavy sense of rhythm, etc., all need to be carefully considered, rigorous design, and to persevere over a long period of time to hone, before you can be free to handle the chapter, showing a seemingly unengineered design of the design of the beauty of the art of calligraphy, and to achieve a higher level of the art of calligraphy.

Running Script: (1) Reduction of the number of dots and strokes (2) Flow of the strokes (increase in the number of hooks, picks and draws, and change in the order of writing) (3) Flexible use of the strokes (4) Variety of forms

Seal Script: (1) Rectangular in shape, with one and a half of a square regular script, with the first character in the regular script, and the second half of the script in the foot, in the approximate ratio of three to two.

The second is tight at the top and loose at the bottom; most characters in the small seal script have the main part of the character in the upper half, and the lower half of the character is the telescoping foot. Of course, there are also characters by the lower no feet, the main body of the strokes in the lower part, the upper out of the part can be shrugged up.

Third, the strokes are horizontal and vertical, even thickness, all horizontal and vertical strokes are equidistant and parallel, all strokes are round in the square and square in the garden, making the turn round and alive and interesting.

Fourth, balance and symmetry, balanced spatial division, symmetry of left, right, up and down, this is an important feature of Seal Script different from other styles of writing. There is the symmetry of the monogram, the symmetry of the localization of the characters, and the symmetry of the left and right inclination of the rounded strokes.

Clerical Script Characteristics of Clerical Script2008-11-29 20:47

Clerical Script has a high degree of artistry certain practical functions, it is relatively easy to learn, and therefore it is widely loved by lovers of hard-copy calligraphy. In recent years, the author of the hard pen script with more, this is not shallow, will be in the process of posting the creation of some of the experience accumulated as follows, with a view to and everyone **** with progress.

One, the characteristics of penmanship

Mature period of the scribal line of the pen to mention by frustration and light and heavy Xu Hsi, hard scribal pen than the brush can be simplified a lot of scribal, such as do not have to intentionally pursue hiding the front of the pen, pen and no need to go back to the front, the specific is slightly divided into the following kinds of details.

Dot painting: there are many kinds of dots in the official script, including vertical dots, horizontal dots, vertical dots, horizontal dots, skimming dots, picking dots and pressing dots, etc., and it is advisable to write with a heavy brush and a light closing brush.

Horizontal strokes: the horizontal strokes of clerical script generally have two kinds of strokes: flat horizontal strokes and tearing off horizontal strokes; the horizontal strokes can be adjusted with a little bit more force when they are started; flat horizontal strokes are generally shorter and straighter, and the closing strokes are lighter; long horizontal strokes should be gradually increased and then lifted up; the horizontal strokes of the same character can be made to have some variations of the pitching and tilting when they are more than one.

Vertical strokes: the vertical strokes of the official script and the vertical strokes of the regular script are generally not out of the front, but only according to the shape of the character, the layout of the work to make some slight changes to the back can be.

Skimming: the skimming of the official script can be divided into straight skimming, curved skimming, back to the skimming and so on. The starting stroke is a little heavy, and it is more appropriate to change the angle, and then to the left downward Xu line, to the end of the gradual downward press, and finally or out of the front or stop the front to close the brush. The specific length and curvature of the character depends on the word.

Press painting: the press painting has a slanting press and flat press, the press painting and the long horizontal writing method has similarities, and the angle of the line of the pen is different.

Folding: there are many kinds of folding, not listed here, according to its shape and the use of the pen is divided into square folding and round folding, square folding can sometimes be taken to the form of the pen breaks the intention of even.

Hook painting: there are more kinds of hooks in the official script, but most of the strokes are similar, the hooks in the Regular Script are often omitted in the Official Script, and the hooks in the right direction are often replaced by the strokes of the wave-fell limbs.

Second, the characteristics of junction

Generally speaking, the junction of the official script has the following characteristics:

1, the character shape is flat and wide, the body is open

From most of the mature period of the Han stele can be seen, the character shape of the official script is flat and square, and the wave of limbs is flying, to the back of the time, which formed the typical characteristics of the official script.

2, horizontal and vertical, well-proportioned strokes

Compared with the Regular Script, the Official Script pays more attention to the horizontal and vertical, although there are various styles of the Han Dynasty, almost all of them have this feature, but the smoothness of the appearance and the proportionality of the strokes are relative, and people often intentionally deal with them in a non-smooth way.

3, tight inside and loose outside, naturally dense

Clerical script often highlights the main strokes of the words, and the strokes of some words in some Han steles are even exaggeratedly lengthened, such as the horizontal strokes of the word "Shen" in the Shen Que Stele, the word "life" and the words "life" and "life" in the Ode to the Stone Gate, and the words "life" and "life" in the Ode to the Stone Gate. The vertical strokes of the characters "life" and "chung" in the "Ode to Shimen", for example, are exaggeratedly long.

Three, chapter characteristics

Hard brush script can draw on the brush works of the format, of course, hard brush calligraphy in the format and framing has its own advantages, the author can give full play to creativity, design novel format chapter.

1, word spacing small line spacing

Clerical script flat square character shape and its inner tight loose form determines its upper and lower word spacing loose, left and right line spacing tight unique form of cloth white, which helps to show the official script body potential open, lateral take the momentum of the characteristics.

2, neatly arranged

Steel Pen Scribal Script is generally created in the square grid or vertical bar grid, giving people the aesthetic sense of vertical columns and horizontal rows, and can also be created directly on the paper without a grid after skillful.

3, appropriate paragraph

Clerical works can be used in cursive paragraph, to adjust the official script strict cloth white, so as to avoid stagnation, the size of the paragraph word should be commensurate with the text, can be slightly smaller than the text. Can also be used in official script, so that you can use the right to work in a more unified style, directly from the official script to start learning books, and not so good at the bottom of the line of the author can also be achieved to avoid the shortcomings of the effect of the strengths.

4, Inscription reasonable

Complete calligraphy works generally need to Inscription, the official script works in the seal is generally not too much, in general, with the size of the word coordinated, consistent style.

In order to make it easier for beginners to master the writing method of hard-brush Scribe Script faster and to better combine posting and creation, some of the radicals are summarized below and some examples of characters are given. It should be pointed out that the purpose of this list is to help beginners to learn the official script friends to understand its general writing style, do not copy, but to be able to learn by example, by analogy. Learning hard scribe, it is appropriate to start from the law rigorous Han Li, according to personal preference when practicing can choose an in-depth study of its penmanship stylized, to have a better foundation and then from the book of the book of silk, etc. to dabble in.

Cursive writing

Cursive writing is a style of writing that has been developed for ease of writing. The Shuowen Jiezi (Explaining Words and Characters) says; "Cursive writing was introduced in the Han Dynasty. Cursive script began in the early Han Dynasty, its characteristics are: save the word of the outline, the loss of the rules of scribe, indulge in the runaway, go to the fast and furious, because of the intention of the grass creation, so-called cursive script. From the point of view of the development of cursive writing, the development of cursive writing can be divided into three major stages: early cursive writing, chapter cursive writing and this year's internal cursive writing. Early Cursive Script is a parallel style with Clerical Script, which is generally known as Clerical Script, but in fact it is mixed with some forms of Seal Script. Early cursive, breaking the strict rules of the official script, is a kind of hasty writing style. Called Zhang Cao, Zhang Cao is the early term of cursive and Han Clerical fusion of elegant cursive style, wave picking distinctive, strokes hooked together in wave form, the word is independent, the character shape all over the square, the pen with the horizontal trend. Zhangcao was most prevalent during the Han and Wei Dynasties, and was revived during the Yuan Dynasty, metamorphosing into the Ming Dynasty. At the end of the Han Dynasty, Zhang Cao further grass, stripped of the Clerical Script brushstrokes, the upper and lower strokes between the words linked together, the radicals have also been simplified and borrowed from each other, known as today's grass Today's grass, the Zhang Cao to go through the wave of picking up the evolution of the today's grass, today's grass style of writing since the Wei and Jin Dynasties prevailed after the end of the. In the Tang Dynasty, the present cursive was written in a more indulgent manner, with continuous and encircling strokes, and a variety of strange and unusual character shapes, known as berserk cursive, also known as dacao. Today, the aesthetic value of cursive writing far exceeds its practical value. Cursive Script is a system of connecting the dots of characters according to certain rules, with a simple structure and borrowing of radicals, and not just writing randomly. One of the main characteristics of the symbols of cursive script is that the strokes are connected by hooks, including up and down hooks and left and right hooks. The horizontal tendency of scribalized brushwork provides the basis for the cursiveization of left and right hooks. Zhangcao brushwork with a form, the present cursive brushwork with s-shaped. This is the fundamental difference between the two. The strokes of indulgence, the point of painting is also known as big grass or wild grass.

The second question

Oracle Bone ＼ Golden Script ＼ Small Seal Script ＼ Clerical Script ＼ Regular Script ＼ Cursive Script ＼ Running Script, the real ones are Yan ＼ Liu ＼ Ou ＼ Zhao, and the Running Script: Wang Xizhi ＼ Su ＼ Huang ＼ Mi ＼ Cai and so on.

The third question

There is often another phenomenon of stability in the development of art. This is the case with calligraphy. When history entered the fourth century A.D., the period of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, various styles of calligraphy had matured, and up to the present time, no new styles have appeared for more than 1,600 years. Since the beginning of the Tang Dynasty, each dynasty has enriched the treasury of the art of calligraphy with their own styles and characteristics, in terms of techniques, theories, and ideas, and accumulated mature experiences, laws, and standards. It should be said that these rich accumulations have provided resources for our inheritance today and a basis of reference for our judging. Specifically, in judging the inheritance of works, there are at least the following points:

One is the character law, that is, whether the character structure is in place. What are the criteria for being in place? In the case of running script, for example, it is Wang Xizhi and his excellent works of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, but also includes Yu Shinan and Chu Suiliang of the Early Tang Dynasty, and Yan Zhenqing of the Middle Tang Dynasty. If we really eat Wang Xizhi thoroughly, we will find that in the Song Dynasty, Mi Fu, Huang Shangu, and later Zhao Mengfu, Dong Qichang, Wang Duo, Fu Shan, and so on, in terms of the construction of characters, there are still some inaccuracies. I think that if the structure of all kinds of calligraphic styles is in place, the classics of the past dynasties will be the criterion. The selection of the Eight National Exhibitions is divided into calligraphic styles, and the representative and authoritative figures of various contemporary calligraphic styles should, in principle, participate in it. I believe that the scale in their hearts is accurate.

The second is brushwork. The standard of brushwork is rich, hidden and exposed, square and round, point and line, slow and sharp and so on. The ancients said: the center front to establish the skeleton, the side front to see the spirit. A flavor of the square pen or a flavor of the round pen, the same speed, are monotonous, will affect the spirit, which is called no pen, no pen.

Third is the ink method. Ink color with writing and change, from heavy and light, from thick and light, from solid and virtual, each time the ink is different, repeated and form a rhythm, but this can be called the ink. If the pen dipped in ink, words dipped in ink, we call it no ink.

Fourth is the chapter. In addition to the traditional chapters of the cloth white, the whole text should be smooth, no obstacles, no public halls, no playing the horizontal cannon, smooth is the gas coherent. On the contrary, it is not considered smooth, not smooth is not a good chapter, we have to lose points.

These four points are inherited calligraphy ontology technique on the standard. Because the form and technique of art has its relative independence, especially calligraphy, to a large extent, the form that is the content, so its inheritance is more obvious, the traditional classic form and technique, will inevitably become an important basis for the judges evaluation criteria.