Ribbon knowledge

Ribbon is essentially an auxiliary material for narrow or tubular fabrics made of various yarns. Modern production of ribbon has a variety of functions, widely used in clothing industry, shoe material industry, luggage industry and so on. In 1930s, ribbons were produced by hand workshops, and the most original materials were farm textile threads such as cotton thread and hemp thread. Until the founding of New China, the varieties of raw materials used to make webbing increased a lot, such as nylon, vinylon, polyester, polypropylene, spandex, viscose and so on. The one-stop production line of ribbon has formed three processes: weaving, knitting and knitting. Fabric structure is not uniform and can be divided into many types, such as plain weave, twill weave, satin weave, jacquard weave, double-layer weave, multi-layer weave, tubular weave and combined weave.

Ribbon? The road to revolution?

I. Weaving (weaving)

The basic process of weaving ribbon on loom is warp and weft interweaving. The so-called warp and weft interweaving means that the twisted yarn is arranged and made into a package (head), and the weft yarn is shaken into a quilt and woven on the loom. This mode of production was the most popular in 1930s, and it was also the most basic and important way to support the industry. At that time, it was used for weaving ribbons on hand-drawn wood looms and ironwood looms. In the early 1960s, the loom 15 1 1 was converted into a loom, and weaving was stopped in a motorized way. This method is still widely used in some small workshops in towns. This kind of belt loom has different weaving methods because of its small belt span. Senior? There are singles, doubles, dozens of people and so on. There are single and double layers.

By 1967, the research group of shuttleless loom, which was dominated by industrial workers at that time, successfully designed and manufactured a high-speed single shuttleless loom on the basis of summing up experience and applying new technology (this is the original appearance of modern loom). This loom has realized shuttleless weaving, greatly shortening the working procedure. The machine is small and exquisite, occupying a small area, but the most important thing is that it.

Later, in the 1970s, the continuous dyeing machine for adhesive tape was successfully manufactured and widely popularized. The processing of color tape has also entered a new era. The traditional process of dyeing before weaving has gradually developed to weaving before dyeing, weaving before bleaching, and continuous processing after ironing. Ribbon technology has entered the ranks of mechanized mass production. Until the early 1980s, with the country's reform and opening up, many foreign high-tech weaving technologies and machines flooded into the China market. For example, Switzerland, Italy, the Federal Republic of Germany and other countries have most obviously introduced high-speed shuttleless looms, ironing machines, winding machines and warping machines. The introduction of foreign technology has greatly promoted the development of ribbon technology in China to a new stage.

1979, the first generation of SD9-9 rubber ingot belt in China was successfully tested and put into use, and the rubber ingot belt products ended the history of relying on imports. On this basis, SD-8 1A, B rubber spindle belt machine was developed in 1980, which has the characteristics of softness, lightness, firmness, small elongation, low impact force during operation and short and flat joints. Later, after more than two years of research and trial production, the quality of ribbon products reached the standards of QC49-92 and TL-VW470.

Second, weaving (weaving)

The so-called shuttle weaving means that the meridian tube and weft yarn are wound into weft tubes and inserted into the fixed tooth seat of the knitting machine, and the weft tubes rotate along the 8-shaped track to draw the yarns to cross each other. Usually the spindle weaves an even number of spindles, the ribbon is tubular, the spindle is odd, and the ribbon is flat. This weaving technique was applied in old China. The number of spindles varies with equipment, but it is usually between 9 and 100 spindles. The basic weaving process is: bleaching and dyeing-winding-weaving-off-machine cutting-packaging. Since 1960s, people in the industry have made many technological innovations on knitting machines, mainly focusing on increasing the diameter of peach board, installing automatic stopping device for broken rubber band, changing iron spindle into nylon spindle, etc. With the improvement of these equipment, the vehicle speed has been increased to 160 ~ 190 rpm, the standing rate has been doubled, and the product quality has been greatly improved.

Weaving can not only braid, but also braid rope. The tubular belt is just one of them. Those with a diameter of 1 ~ 4cm can be called ropes or rope lines, those with a diameter exceeding 4cm can be called ropes, and those with a diameter exceeding 40cm are generally called cables or cables. 1989, the industry introduced Japanese cable production line equipment, and produced polypropylene cable in the second year. The products produced by this equipment won the National Science and Technology Silver Award that year.

Third, knitting.

In 1970s, warp knitting and weft knitting technologies were also widely used in the ribbon industry. 1973, the trial production of knitted nylon wide and tight belt was successful. 1982, the industry began to introduce Italian crochet machines. This new crochet machine has advanced technology and a wide range of products, which benefits most from the production of thin decorative belt fabrics such as lace, elastic band, window screen and decorative belt. Its basic technological process is: bleaching and dyeing-winding-weaving-ironing-packaging.

Before 1970s, the blank of fire hose was woven by flat loom. However, due to the incomplete improvement of technology, the diameter and size of the blank were greatly deformed and the output was low. 1974 in the second half of the year, the industry organized a research team to develop the blank of fire hose. According to the knitting principle, warp and weft are woven by warp and weft, and non-woven warp and weft are connected into a whole by the needle cylinder and settling arc of looping yarn, thus becoming a tubular knitted fabric with warp and weft insertion. This evolved into a plastic-coated outlet pipe and a high-pressure fire hose.

Ribbon? Family members?

(1) by material: nylon/Teflon /PP polypropylene/acrylic fiber/cotton/polyester/onion/spandex/rayon, etc.

Nylon and PP webbing are easily confused, which can be divided into: generally, nylon webbing is woven first and then dyed. Due to uneven dyeing, the cut yarn color will be white, while PP webbing is dyed first and then woven, not white; Comparatively speaking, nylon belt is more shiny and softer than PP belt; It can also be distinguished by the chemical reaction of combustion. The method is as follows: generally, the price of nylon belt is higher than that of PP belt.

Duo Long webbing is the easiest to distinguish, softer and dull than other webbing. Acrylic ribbon is made of polyester and cotton. Cotton ribbon is made of cotton, and its price is higher than other ribbons.

(2) According to the knitting method, ribbons can be divided into plain weave, twill weave, satin weave and miscellaneous weave. (plain/small ripple/twill/safety webbing/pit/bead/jacquard and other PP webbing can be divided into 900d/1200d/1600d according to the yarn thickness; At the same time, we should pay attention to the thickness of the ribbon, which also determines its unit price and toughness. )

(3) It can also be divided into:10mm/12mm/15mm/20mm/25mm/30mm/32mm/38mm/50mm according to the width specification.