What is the legend of Ma Touqin?

Once upon a time, there was a shepherd boy named Su He on the Mongolian grassland. One day, he brought back a little white horse without a mother. Under the feeding of Su He, the little white horse has grown into a beautiful horse. It can catch up with sika deer when running. Little white horse and Sue were inseparable and became good friends.

One spring, a prince held a horse racing meeting, and the rider who won the first place got a flock of sheep.

Su He rode his white horse to the horse racing meeting and won the first prize.

Wang Ye likes this beautiful white horse very much, and seeing that the rider Su He is a little shepherd boy, he proudly said, "These three gold ingots are for you, and the white horse is for me!" "Su He said angrily," I'm here for horse racing, not to sell horses! Hearing this, Baoyu ordered Su He to be knocked unconscious and led the little white horse. "。

But as soon as the prince got on the white horse, he was thrown off, and the little white horse broke free from the reins and ran away. The prince ordered the soldiers to shoot the little white horse with poisonous arrows. The little white horse poisoned by an arrow ran into Su He's yurt and died. Su He burst into tears sadly.

Sue and Miss White Horse. In the evening, he dreamed that the little white horse said to him, "You can make a piano with my bones and muscles, and I can be with you forever."

Su He made a beautiful piano according to Little White Horse's words. He carved a horse's head out of a white horse bone to make a piano pole, a tendon as a string and a tail as a bow. This is the first Ma Touqin.

Since then, Ma Touqin's wonderful voice has spread all over the grassland.

Extended data:

The origin of Ma Touqin's name:

Ma Touqin, named after the carved horse's head. "Draft of the Qing Dynasty" contains: "Huqin, smooth in texture, with two strings and a square handle.

The trough is oval-pointed, with skin, the wood outside the trough is like a hairpin, and the faucet is a mountain pass. The string is hollow, with two axes, one on the left and the other on the right, and 8 1 stalk is tied with a wooden ponytail. "Therefore, Ma Touqin originally had a faucet.

This point was recorded as early as 7 1 Records of Rites and Music in Yuan Dynasty: "The Huqin system is like a fire without thinking, with a curled neck and a dragon with two strings, which are pressed by a bow, and the strings of the bow are ponytails."

According to rock paintings and some historical materials, the ancient Mongols began to process yogurt spoons, wrapped them in cowhide, and pulled up two ponytail strings as musical instruments, which were called "spoon-shaped huqin".

At present, many experts believe that this is the predecessor of Ma Touqin. At that time, the longest spoon-shaped huqin was about two feet, and the speaker was smaller, so the sound was much smaller.

Up to now, some people in western Mongolia still call Ma Touqin "spoon-shaped huqin". At that time, the piano head was not necessarily a horse's head, but a human head, skull, crocodile head, turtle shell or faucet. In addition, it is said that the head of this kind of piano is in the shape of a monkey head or a martel head.

Martel is shaped like a dragon and a monkey, symbolizing a sacred object that suppresses evil spirits. According to relevant scholars' research, Ma Touqin was born at the end of 19 and the beginning of the 20th century, and the head of the piano was changed from a dragon head or a martel head to a horse head.

In addition, there are many kinds of pianos, such as Pihu, Shovel Hu, Xiqin and Xiqin, which were all popular instruments at that time. In the Yuan Dynasty, with the gradual prosperity of court life, there were specialized performers and dancers in the court, and Ma Touqin gradually became one of the main contents of court music.

Another name

Due to the different spread areas, its name, shape, timbre and playing method are also different.

It is called "Molinhur" in the west of Inner Mongolia, and "Chaoer" in the Hulunbeier League, Zhelimu League and Zhaowuda League in the east of Inner Mongolia. There are also names such as Hu Wuer, Hu Qin, Mawei Hu Qin and Bowstring Hu Qin. Besides Inner Mongolia, Mongolians in Liaoning, Jilin, Heilongjiang, Gansu and Xinjiang are also very popular.

Origin:

Ma Touqin is a stringed instrument of Mongolian nationality in China, which is named after the horse head engraved on the top of the piano. Ma Touqin has a long history, which evolved from the development of the stringed instrument Xiqin in the Tang and Song Dynasties.

Genghis Khan (1155-1227) has spread among the people. According to The Travels of Marco Polo's records, in the12nd century, the Tatars (the predecessor of the Mongols) were popular with a two-stringed piano, which may be its predecessor. Used in Ming and Qing court bands.

Ma Touqin is a representative musical instrument of Mongolian, which not only occupies a place in China and the world musical instrument family, but also is a favorite musical instrument of folk artists and herders. The music played by Ma Touqin is deep, rough and passionate, which embodies the Mongolian production, life and grassland customs.

Appear:

From the period of mountain hunting culture to the early period of grassland nomadic culture, the musical instruments used by Mongolians were not Ma Touqin, but plucked instruments such as Hobbes and Tobxiuer, which were mostly used for entertainment and singing and dancing.

According to the records in the Secret History of Mongolia and the History of the Yuan Dynasty, from Genghis Khan to Kublai Khan, the Mongolian national musical instruments were mainly plucked instruments, and the Mongolian soldiers and civilians in the Yuan Dynasty were good at playing with fire and thinking, and liked to dance and step on songs collectively.

With the rapid development of grassland nomadic music, Ma Touqin, a stringed instrument, was born and widely popularized, and eventually replaced plucked string as the most grassland-featured folk musical instrument in Mongolia.

Obviously, when stringed instruments replace plucked instruments, the fire will gradually subside, and Ma Touqin will naturally become the protagonist of Mongolian musical instruments.

References:

Baidu Encyclopedia-Ma Touqin