What do ancient Huizhou merchants mean? When did they flourish? They lasted 1000 years.

Huizhou merchants, also known as Xin 'an merchants, became "Hui Gang", which was the general name of merchants and merchant groups in the old Huizhou prefecture (Shexian, Xiuning, Wuyuan, Qimen, yi county and Jixi). Hui nationality has a long history of doing business. As early as the Eastern Jin Dynasty, there was a record of Xin 'an merchants' activities, which developed in later generations, and a business gang group was formed during the Ming Chenghua and Hongzhi years. During Qianlong and Jiaqing years, the business of Huizhou merchants reached its peak. From the Qing Daoguang and Xianfeng periods to the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China, Huizhou merchants gradually declined. As a powerful commercial force in China, Huizhou merchants have been active in the north and south of the Yangtze River, on both sides of the Yellow River, and even in Japan, Siam, Southeast Asian countries and Portugal. Its huge commercial capital, such as the large number of merchants, the wide range of activities, the large number of merchants and the strong management ability, is unmatched by other commercial groups, and has dominated the commercial circles in China for hundreds of years. Huizhou, known as "Southeast Zou Lu", is a native of Sri Lanka. An obvious feature is "Jia Haoru" and "Jia Haoru". The essence of Huizhou merchants is Confucian merchants. The study of Huizhou merchants is a topic that is not worthy of attention in the study of Huizhou culture, and has always been concerned by scholars at home and abroad. As an important business gang, Huizhou merchants are second to none in the business world because of their huge commercial capital, wide range of activities, strong management ability and many employees. Huizhou merchants not only made their career brilliant in China for more than 300 years with their excellent practice, but also became a great miracle in the history of feudal social and economic development in China. Hui nationality has a long history of doing business. The reasons are as follows: 1, the objective environmental pressure of increasing population and less mountains and land. This is just like a village woman in Weizhou during the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty: "Our county is in the valley, that is, there is no arable land, and there is nothing to do." ; 2. Rich products and convenient waterway transportation stimulate Huizhou people to do business; 3. The internal driving force of the Hui people's spirit of change and the external opportunity for China's economic center of gravity to move south at that time. Third, the most important and essential thing is the thinking and reform spirit of Hui people. Just because they dare to fight "emphasizing agriculture and restraining business"? Quot Breaking through the secular prejudice, many Huizhou people have become Huizhou merchants, and it is this change that has produced the prosperity of Huizhou merchants. Of course, the reason why Huizhou merchants can dominate the business circles for hundreds of years and become one of the top ten business gangs in China is inseparable from their essential characteristics of being good at Confucianism. The good Confucianism of Huizhou merchants is first manifested in the worship of Confucianism and the emphasis on Confucianism. For example, Xidi Village, an ancient residential village in Yixian County, has such a couplet: "Good study, good business and good grades are good; It is difficult to start a business, but make progress despite difficulties. This shows that Huizhou attaches importance to Confucian businessmen. Huizhou merchants' kindness to Confucianism is also reflected in their practical actions, that is, many businessmen abandoned Jia Yeru or Jia as officials after they became rich, and many Huizhou merchants even chose a road of donating money to buy officials. So, what are the reasons why Huizhou merchants are good at Confucianism? 1. The area where Huizhou merchants are located is a region with profound cultural accumulation; In order to achieve social status commensurate with economic status, we need to wrap ourselves in Confucianism. Huizhou merchants are rooted in the heavy cultural soil of Xin 'an. As a business gang with high overall cultural quality, most of them consciously use Confucianism to regulate their business activities, pay attention to the way of righteousness and benefit, pay attention to integrity and business ethics, and are not deceitful and dishonest. They are good at grasping business opportunities, weighing avenues and being superior in business competition. Most of them attach importance to cultural construction, donate money to promote learning, engrave books and collect books, edit local chronicles, invite lectures, train their children to study and be officials, and seek to improve their political status. At the same time, they also promoted the prosperity of localism and trained a large number of outstanding talents in the country. Since the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Huizhou merchants have created brilliant achievements-commercial prosperity and cultural achievements with their pioneering spirit, and at the same time formed the spirit of Confucian merchants and established the image of a generation of Confucian merchants. For the economic development of China, the rise and fall of Huizhou merchants has become a thing of the past. However, as a historical and cultural phenomenon, "Confucian businessmen" is still worth summarizing and recalling. This still has important enlightenment and reference significance for us to develop socialist market economy and build socialist modernization with China characteristics today. At the turn of the century, establishing and perfecting the socialist market economy is conducive to accelerating the pace of modernization. Market economy is essentially a legal economy, and its foundation is economic freedom, economic fairness and equal competition. Our socialist market economy has just emerged from the planned economy, and there is no ready-made model to imitate. However, the feudal tradition of ruling by man for more than two thousand years has caused people's legal concept to be generally low, and some merchants with low quality have taken improper ways to make money driven by interests. In recent years, counterfeiting, fraud and illegal profit-making often appear. In this regard, on the one hand, it is necessary to strengthen the construction of legal system, on the other hand, it is extremely important to strengthen moral education and attach importance to the construction of commercial civilization. The Confucian merchant spirit forged by Huizhou merchants in history regards the practice of Confucian ethics as the conscious pursuit of business rationality and pays attention to the establishment of its own image, which is instructive to today's businessmen.