Snooker rules

After a blow, due to the blocking of the dead ball, the opponent can't hit the main ball to make it pass through both sides of the free kick at the same time, which is called snooker. The opponent is called snookered. When you still lag behind your opponent even if you get the highest score on the table, you need to do snooker to force your opponent to make a foul.

Snooker billiards is a transliteration of English Snook. Snooker means "obstacle", so it is sometimes called obstacle billiards.

Organization:

There are two billiards organizations in the world, one is the International Billiards Federation, the World Billiards Federation WPBSA and the other is the World Professional Billiards Federation.

The World Professional Billiards Union is mainly committed to the development of professional billiards, and holds a series of professional ranking competitions in which professional players from all over the world participate, such as the World Professional Championships. World-famous professional players such as Hendry, Davis and O 'Sullivan all participated in professional competitions. The International Billiards Federation, with 72 member countries, aims to promote and popularize billiards worldwide, and the World Snooker Championship is the competition organized by this organization.

The World Professional Snooker League and the competitions organized by the International Taiwan Federation are parallel. If you want to participate in professional competitions, you must first obtain professional qualifications. This competition, organized by the International Billiards Federation, is open to all players who rank below 64th in the world.

Although the history of billiards can be traced back to15th century, snooker was invented relatively late. Regarding the origin of snooker, a credible statement is that billiards became popular among British troops stationed in India in the late19th century, when the popular game was Blackpool. 1 white ball, 15 red ball and 1 black ball are used in this game. /kloc-one day in 0/875, neville chamberlain, a British army colonel stationed in Dzubur, and his comrades-in-arms thought the game was too simple and boring, so they decided to add three colors of balls: yellow, green and pink. Soon, it was not enough, and brown balls and blue balls were added. This new game quickly became popular, which led to the birth of snooker billiards. Snooker was a popular name for freshmen in the British military academy at that time. This makes snooker used by these soldiers to call beginners of this new game and eventually become the name of the sport.

Brief rule

The formal snooker competition is played on a standard table with the size of 12 feet× 6 feet (3569 mm×1778 mm), and there are holes in the centers of the four corners and two long sides of the table. There is an obstacle line at one end of the tee. From the service end, there is a brown ball in the middle of the service line, a green ball and a yellow ball on the left and right sides respectively. A simple way to remember this order is to remember the word "God bless you" in English. The first letter of each word in this sentence corresponds to the first letter of an English word with three colors of colored balls. There is a blue ball in the center of the table. The pink ball is placed from the blue ball point to the midpoint of the top-level library. Secondly, 15 red balls are placed in a regular triangle and touch each other. The rules require that the pink ball be as close as possible to the red ball on the vertex, but not in contact with it. The black ball is located at the center line of the table and the midpoint between the bottom of the red ball triangle and the top library. The white cue ball can be placed in the semi-circular D-shaped area behind the service line. But usually, players will choose to tee off on the service line between the brown ball and the green ball and the yellow ball.

The competition can be roughly divided into two stages. Before all the red balls are in the bag, the player needs to hit the ball into the bag in the order of a red ball followed by a colored ball. Moreover, at this time, the colored ball needs to be put back to the ball placement point corresponding to its own color on the table. If the ball drop point is occupied, it should be placed on the ball drop point with the highest score. If all the ball release points are occupied, they should be placed in the position closest to the ball release point on the straight line perpendicular to the edge of the top library, and it is required not to contact with the nearby red balls.

Before hitting the colored ball into the bag, the player must declare to the referee which ball he wants to hit with the main ball. Of course, there is no need to report to the referee when the intention to hit the ball is very obvious. However, if two or more colored balls are close to each other or in the same field of vision, the player must declare to the referee the ball he wants to hit with the main ball for the first time.

After all the red balls are put into the bag, you need to hit them with the main ball in the order of yellow, green, brown, blue, pink and black balls.

Snooker competition is decided by the scores of two players. After the ball is correctly delivered to the pocket, the batter will get the corresponding score. Red ball 1, yellow ball 2, green ball 3, brown ball 4, blue ball 5, pink ball 6 and black ball 7.

In addition, when the opponent makes a mistake and fouls, the penalty points will also be added to the non-fouled party. These fouls include:

* The cue ball didn't hit any designated ball.

* When playing the red ball, the cue ball touches the colored ball first, or when playing the colored ball, it touches the red ball first or plays the colored ball out of order.

* cue ball into the bag

* Hit the ball off the table.

* The club touches a ball other than the cue ball.

* Push, that is, the cue keeps hitting the cue ball.

The minimum penalty for a foul is 4 points, and those who exceed 4 points will be punished according to the actual maximum score. After the main ball fails to hit the live ball first, if the referee thinks that the batter has not tried his best to hit the ball legally, it can be judged as an empty shot. At this time, all the balls should be put back to the position before the foul. After the batter fouls, if the referee decides that it is not good for another player, he can ask the batter to hit the ball again.

In the snooker competition, the highest score of one stroke is 147, and no penalty is deducted. In this case, the batter must put the black ball into the bag after hitting a red ball, and then he can put all the red balls into the bag. It is extremely rare to get a score of 147 in a formal competition. (See the highest score in a single game of snooker for details)

The highest possible score for a shot is 155. This is before all the red balls are put into the bag, all the red balls on the table are blocked by colored balls, that is, snooker is formed after the opponent fouls. At this time, when the non-offending party hits the ball, it can designate any colored ball instead of the red ball as the target ball, which will be counted as 1 minute when it is bagged and put back on the table. Then bag the black ball and get another 7 points. In this way, the player will get 8 points more than the general perfect score, so that the player will get 155 points in one game.

Related terms

* cue ball

White ball, also called cue ball. The only ball that can be hit directly with the club in the game, and use it to hit other balls into the bag to score points.

* Target ball (object ball)

Except for the main ball, the others are all target balls, including red balls and colored balls. The target ball cannot be hit directly with the club.

* Balls (color)

Non-red target balls, ***6 balls are yellow, green, brown, blue, pink and black respectively.

* The ball is open

You can hit the ball into the bag with the cue ball method.

* into the bag (pot)

Hit the ball into the bag.

:: Presidium (framework)

From kick-off to all balls being shot down or reaching the specified score or reaching the specified time limit, it is called a game.

* domain (game)

Several agreed or stipulated games are a ball. In a formal match, a ball is usually best of five games, best of seven games or best of nine games.

* Match (match)

Several agreed or specified games are a game.

* Break (break)

The batter starts from scoring the ball until the ball is stopped due to a mistake or foul, so that the continuous hitting score is one stroke.

* Once in a hundred years

The continuous score of one stroke is equal to or greater than 100. In the official competition, the single shot 100 or above will be officially recorded.

* All poles (maximum)

If the opponent doesn't foul, the highest score in one stroke is 147.

* Snooker (Snooker)

After a blow, due to the blocking of the dead ball, the opponent can't hit the main ball to make it pass through both sides of the free kick at the same time, which is called snooker. The opponent is called snookered. When you still lag behind your opponent even if you get the highest score on the table, you need to do snooker to force your opponent to make a foul.

* Clearance (clearance)

Hit all the balls on the table with one shot.

* Free ball (free ball)

When snooker appears after a foul, the batter designates it as the target ball of the live ball.

* Empty rod (miss)

The batter didn't hit the live ball first and was judged by the referee not to hit the ball with all his strength. At this time, the opponent can ask to restore the ball to the state before hitting the ball and play it again.

* Obstacle area

The area enclosed by the tee line and its semicircle.

* Double (cannon)

In one stroke, the cue ball contacts two target balls.

* (Kicking)

The main ball and the target ball are slightly stuck together, which is generally caused by dirt or static electricity on the ball.

* Kiss the ball (kiss)

The two balls touched lightly.

* (packaging)

At the end of a game, the red ball is still in the original position or the remaining red balls are still in the original position.

* Combination ball (plant)

After the main ball hits a ball, that ball makes other balls into the bag. Only when these two balls are red balls or the main ball plays a free kick at the beginning, and the ball in the bag is a live ball under normal circumstances before the free kick is designated, the combined ball is not a foul.

* Push shot

When the main ball hits the target ball, the leather head of the club still touches the main ball, which is a foul. However, if the cue ball almost sticks to the target ball, or the cue ball slightly touches the edge of the target ball, it is not judged as a putter.

* Touch the ball

The situation that the main ball contacts with other balls is called sticking the ball. The batter must open the cue ball and cannot move the ball attached to the cue ball, otherwise it will cause a putter. Unless the batter has stated that he will hit it to the ball.

* Reset the black ball (repositioned black)

In a game, when all the target balls are in the bag and both sides score equally, put the black ball back on the table. At this time, as long as the black ball goes into the bag or one side fouls, the outcome of the game can be judged.

* Banana ball (steering)

Hitting the ball makes the cue ball rotate strongly, making it suddenly bypass the obstacle ball in the process of advancing. Usually used to rescue difficult snooker.

* Tie rod (mass)

When hitting the ball, hit the cue ball almost perpendicular to the table to make the cue ball rotate strongly.

* Low bar (backspin)

By hitting the lower position of the center of the cue ball, the cue ball collides with the target and then rotates back. Also known as "shrinking rod" and "spinning ball".

* Top rotation

When hitting the ball, the club hits the upper position of the center of the main ball, so that the main ball continues to accelerate after colliding with the target ball.

In addition, there are also sayings such as medium and high poles.

* dribble (roll)

Hit the cue ball with a high pole, so that after the cue ball collides with the target ball, the target ball moves forward and the cue ball follows.

* Defence (security)

The purpose of hitting the ball is not to put the ball in the pocket, but to make the opponent have no chance to score the next shot.

* Exceed the standard.

In snooker, a red ball is played first, and then a colored ball is played, so in theory, the highest score of the red ball is 8 points (that is, red ball 1 point and black ball is 7 points). So the theoretical maximum score of how many red balls are left on the table is the number of red balls X8, plus 27 points for all colored balls. If this score is lower than the score difference between you and your opponent, then you will be scored by your opponent.

Major events:

I. Professional Ranking Competition:

1, World Professional Championship

The World Professional Championship specially established for professional snooker players is the oldest and highest level snooker competition in the world today.

The first World Professional Championship was held on1October 26th, 1926, 165438. Due to the unremitting efforts of joe davis, a snooker star at that time, and his friend Bill Kamkin, the owner of a billiard hall, the Billiards Association and Management Club (BA&CC) agreed to hold it.

From 1926 to 1940, a total of 100 people participated in this tournament, with an average of 7 people per year. Today, more than 100 people participate in this competition every year, hoping to win the highest honor and reward in the world of snooker.

From 65438 to 0976, the World Professional Billiards Association (WPBSA) introduced the ranking system into this tournament. The ranking is based on the World Professional Championships from 1974. So in fact, the 1974 World Professional Championship was already a ranking tournament, although it was impossible for the players at that time to misunderstand this.

Since 1976, W.D. &; H.O.WILLS began to become a sponsor of this event. Therefore, from then on, until the 1990s, the World Professional Championship was named the Embassy World Professional Championship.

2. Fidelity International Competition (Fidelity Trust International)

Traditionally, the ranking match of snooker every season begins with the F.U.T international competition. At first, this international competition was called Jameson International Competition. After that, I have played GOYAMATCHROOM Cup and BCE International Championship. 1987, change to the current name. This is the second ranking competition after the World Professional Championship of the Embassy.

3. Rothman Grand Prix.

The Rothman Grand Prix started at 1982 and was originally called the Professional Players Championship. This is the first tournament organized by the promotion company of the World Professional Billiards Association (WPBSA). 1982- 1983 joined the Jameson International Competition as a ranking match. Since 1984, Rothman has joined the ranking match with this event. From 1984, rothman grand prix.

4. Commercial credit classics.

This event was originally called Wilson Classic, and later called LADA Classic. It was selected as the ranking match in 1984, that is, during the LADA Classic. After 1985, it was renamed as the classic of commercial credit.

5. British Open.

This open tournament started at 1977, and was originally called Super Crystal British Championship. 1979, renamed Coral British Championship. Since 1984 was designated as the ranking match, the type has changed and it began to be called Coral British Open. After 1986, it was also called TENNENTS British Open. However, after 1988, TENNENTS withdrew from the sponsorship.

6. British Open

It was first called the British Golden Cup, and later called the Yamaha Organ Cup. 1985, designated as ranking match. In the same year, sponsored by ICI company, the event was named after Dulux of their company. It's called Dulux British Open, Anglo-British Open and so on.

7. Canadian Masters.

The Canadian Masters was held at 1985 for the first time, and 1988- 1989 was designated as the ranking match. This is the first time that a ranking competition has been held outside the UK.

8.ICI European Open.

ICI European Open 1989 was held in France for the first time, and it was the second time that the ranking tournament was held outside the UK after the BCE Canada Masters.

Second, professional non-ranking competition

1, Master Benson and hedges.

The competition started at 1975, sponsored by the tobacco company GALLAHERS, and named after BENSON and HEDGES cigarettes produced by their company. Among the non-ranking projects, it is the most important and highest level. In all the world snooker competitions, its status is inferior to that of the world.

Only the former 16 players are eligible to participate. It is also the longest sponsored event in the history of snooker.

2. World Cup

The first World Cup was held in 1979. In professional competitions, sponsors are the most, including STATE EXPRERS, GUENNESS, CAR CARE PLAN, TUBORG, FERINA WINDOWS, etc. The World Cup is divided into team and individual events.

Third, non-professional competition.

1, World Champion (IBSF World Champion)

Formerly known as the World Amateur Championship, 1989 was changed to its current name. The full name is the International Billiards Federation World Championship. It was first held in 1963. At first, it was held every three years, and then once a year. After 1985, it becomes once a year. This competition is held in different countries every year. The host country of each year is decided in advance by the International Billiards Federation (IBSF), which is the organizer of this competition. Each member country of the International Billiards Federation can send two players to participate in the championship at a time.

2.IBSF World Youth Championship.

Like the world championships, they are all organized by the International Billiards Federation. It is a world championship specially set up for young players under the age of 2/kloc-0. The first tournament was held in 1987.

3. European Amateur Championship.

The first tournament was held in the Netherlands on 1988, which belongs to the world championship type and is held every two years.

4. Asian Championships

With the rapid development of snooker in Asia, the Asian Championship has become one of the most important non-professional events. 1984 was held for the first time, and the organization form was similar to the world championship. First, group round robin, and then eliminate the top two in the group. It is held alternately among Asian member countries, and China has successfully held it for two times.

Snooker is English billiards, which means obstacle. This kind of ball is different from billiards No.9. Although its main purpose is still to score goals, there is another technology that uses its own technology to make obstacle balls for opponents, so that opponents can't hit the ball or score themselves or create scoring opportunities because of obstacles. This is the essence of snooker.

I. Basic rules

1. The inside of the snooker table is 350 cm long, 175 cm wide and 85 cm high. The 22 colored balls * * * are divided into 8 colors: red ball 1 5 (1), yellow ball 1 (2), green ball 1 (3), brown ball 1 (4) and blue ball 65438.

2. Before the kick-off, the cue ball can be located at any point in the kick-off area (D-shaped area). Kick-off must first hit the red ball directly or indirectly. Shoot down a red ball in turn, and then shoot down a colored ball until all the red balls fall into the bag. Among them, the colored balls are put back to the original ball release point after falling into the bag. Then shoot down the yellow, green, brown, blue, pink and black balls in the bag from low to high according to the color ball score.

When there is only a black ball left on the table, hitting the ball into the bag or making a foul will end the game. At this point, if the scores of both sides are equal, the black ball will be placed again and the last game will be played. At this time, whoever hits the ball into the bag or fouls will end the game.

4. If one of the following violations occurs, points will be deducted (if the score is less than 4 points, points will be deducted according to their respective scores): hit the ball before it stops; When hitting the ball, the club head touches the main ball more than once; Hit a hollow rod; The main ball falls automatically after hitting the target ball; When hitting the ball, the foot leaves the ground, and the cue ball is not placed in the service area (D area) when kicking off; Play a jump ball; Hit the ball out of bounds; The cue ball hits the non-live ball first; When hitting the ball, the player's clothes, body, clubs and clothes touch the ball on the table.

5. 7 points for the following fouls: after hitting the red ball into the bag, hitting the ball without specifying the ball; After playing the red ball, the red ball was played and no colored ball was reported; Use any other ball as the main ball instead of the white ball.

Second, the basic game of snooker and the decision to win or lose.

There are 22 balls for snooker, including red ball 15, colored ball (1 black, pink, blue, brown, green and yellow) and white ball 1. Red balls and colored balls are used to score points, and white balls are used to hit the ball. Before each start, put the ball in the form of 1 Before the kick-off, both sides can decide who will kick off first by tossing a coin. When kicking off, the kickoff party can put the white ball anywhere in the kickoff area to play the red ball. After that, where the white ball stops, it must be played from where. Each side must get a red ball first, and then choose a favorable colored ball to play. After the color ball is scored, it needs to be taken out and put back in its original position (that is, the position before the kick-off). Then, play with red balls and colored balls, and so on until all the red balls are in the bag. After that, you must play with colored balls in a certain order. That is to say, play yellow ball first, then green ball, brown ball, blue ball, pink ball and black ball. At this point, if you put a colored ball in, there will be one less colored ball on the table (it is no longer necessary to take out the bagged colored ball and put it back in its original position), and all colored balls will be put in the bag, leaving only one white ball on the table, which is the end.

The process from the beginning to all colored balls and red balls being hit into the bag is called a game. During the whole goal-scoring process, if one side fails to score successfully or hits a bad ball, then he has to give way to the other side to play. The process of winning goals in succession is called "one shot".

The outcome of each game is determined by the number of points scored by both sides, and the one with more points is the winner. There are two ways to score: one is to score by scoring goals, and the other is to score by punishing the other side for their mistakes. Red ball 1 point, yellow ball 2 points, green ball 3 points, brown ball 4 points, blue ball 5 points, pink ball 6 points and black ball 7 points. So both sides will try their best to get more black balls into their pockets. When playing the red ball, if the white ball fails to touch any red ball, it will be fined 4 points; If you touch the colored ball by mistake, you will be punished according to the score of the colored ball, but at least 4 points will be deducted. In other words, if you encounter a black ball, you will be fined 7 points, and if you encounter a yellow ball, you will be fined 4 points. Similarly, when playing colored balls, if you don't hit the colored ball you want to play, you will be punished according to the score of the colored ball; If you accidentally hit a colored ball with a high score, you will be punished according to the high score, and at least 4 points will be deducted. Therefore, after scoring the red ball and before playing the colored ball, in theory, each player must first declare which colored ball he wants to play. In actual operation, if the colored ball to be played is obvious, you don't need to declare it, but if it is not obvious, you must declare it, otherwise you will be fined 7 points automatically. As shown in Figure 2, the batter must first state which colored ball (brown ball, blue ball or pink ball) he wants to play. If you accidentally hit the white ball into the bag, at least 4 points will be deducted, or points will be deducted according to the ball with higher score that the white ball meets before it enters the bag. If the white ball is in the bag, the next player can put the white ball anywhere on the tee. Penalty points are not deducted from the penalty party's points, but added to the opponent's points. Because it is also possible to score through the mistakes of both sides, if one side on the court feels that he has no chance to score, he will try to be a "snooker". The so-called "snooker" is such a situation that the next player can't directly hit the ball to be played, but has to catch a difficult ball such as a rebound ball or a curveball, which is easy to make mistakes and lead to points deduction, as shown in Figure 3.

You can play one game, three games, five games and seven games in one game. The final of the world professional championship is to play 35 games. If the two sides are tied in the end, the traditional way to decide the outcome is that the black ball stays in the black ball position and the white ball is placed in the tee area. The two sides decide who plays first by tossing a coin, and the one who scores the black ball first is the winner.

2) Some common rules of snooker and their applications.

The rules of snooker are very complicated, and even world champions often can't master them all. However, these rules can usually be obtained in practice. Here are some common rules that often confuse beginners.

Missed ball:

At least 4 points will be penalized for choosing the wrong ball. If the wrong ball is a colored ball with more than 4 points, it will be deducted according to the actual score of the colored ball.

(1) Hit the ball out of the table.

(2) Both feet leave the ground at the same time when hitting the ball.

(3) The white ball jumps over the middle ball and hits the target ball.

(4) The ball on the table is touched by any object other than the hitting end of the club or any part of the body.

(5) In the process of hitting the ball, the club hits the white ball continuously for more than two times.

(6) The cue, the white ball and the target ball contact at the same time. This often happens when the white ball is too close to the target ball. For example, when the distance between two balls is less than 2.5 cm, it is very difficult to make a foul-free shot unless the target ball is lightly touched, as shown in Figure 4. Therefore, when the white ball is close to the target ball, only the batter is allowed to hit the white ball away, but not the target ball. In this special case, as long as the white ball goes to the target ball, it is regarded as hitting the target ball. A good player often takes advantage of this opportunity to play a safe ball or snooker. Because, at this time, you can only play the white ball without playing any other balls, so it is easy to make a safe ball and snooker, as shown in Figure 5.

(7) The earliest snooker, in the game, the standard dress of players is to wear a white shirt and a black vest. But some players will wear vests of other colors to distinguish them from bartenders.

Free ball:

After one party makes a mistake, snooker appears on the table, so that the next party can't hit the red ball directly. The next party can choose any colored ball to play as a red ball, which is called a free ball. If this colored ball is put into the bag, it will be put into the bag as a red ball and get 1 point, and then the colored ball will play as usual. If the red ball on the table has been played, it will appear that the next player cannot directly hit the colored ball to be played. The next player can choose any colored ball to play, which is a free ball. Calculate the score of the free ball according to the lowest score left on the table, and then play the colored balls in the normal order.

Play again:

If one side plays the wrong ball and puts the other side at a disadvantage, the other side has the right to ask the wrong side to continue the game. This rule, like the free kick rule, is designed to prevent either side from making deliberate mistakes and profiting from them. However, before deciding to let the wrong side play, we must ensure that every ball on the table has no chance and take into account the level of the wrong side.

Save the ball unconsciously:

If the referee thinks that one side should hit the ball after playing the wrong ball, he can punish the unconscious for saving the ball. In this case, the beneficiary can have the following options: (1) restore the ball to the original state before the wrong ball and ask the wrong side to play again; (2) Ask the wrongdoer to continue the game at the current position; (3) Call yourself at the current position; (4) If snooker appears on the table, play the free ball yourself.

Color ball settings:

When the colored ball falls into the bag and is put back on the table, if the original position of the colored ball is occupied by other balls, the colored ball is placed in the vacant position of the colored ball with the highest score at that time. As shown in Figure 6, when the green ball enters the bag, its original position is occupied by other balls. The colored ball points above the table include brown ball points, yellow ball points and pink ball points, so the green ball should be placed on the pink ball point. If all the colored ball points are marked, then the colored ball should be placed on a straight line perpendicular to the bottom of its original position, which is closest to its original position and cannot touch other balls.

Deadlock:

When the referee thinks that the table is deadlocked, the referee will announce to both sides that if the situation does not change obviously within a few rounds, the game will be invalid and must be restarted.

In addition, snooker has formed some unique rules:

(1) Both sides decide who will kick off first by tossing a coin, but be careful not to rotate the coin on the pool table to avoid damaging the tablecloth.

(2) When both sides are fighting, try to keep quiet, and be careful not to stand behind the pockets that the other side is aiming at. Or other positions that easily affect the players.

(3) There is no referee in friendly matches and peacetime matches. At this time, after the opponent scored the colored ball, he should help put the colored ball back on the table and report the score voluntarily.

(4) When you make a mistake, even if the referee doesn't see it, you should take the initiative to announce it.

(5) Have a correct attitude and behave appropriately. Like golf, Chinook requires participants to have high sportsmanship and gentlemanly manners.