The history of planetesimals

I. Historical Evolution of Xing Zi County Xing Zi County belonged to Yangzhou in Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties.

In the ninth year of the Spring and Autumn Period (536 BC), the planetesimals were gradually owned by the State of Chu. In the tenth year of the Zhou Dynasty (5 10), He Lv, the king of Wu, attacked Chu, which belonged to the county and the State of Wu (now Wu, meaning the barrier of Wu).

In the fourth year of Zhou Yuanwang in the Warring States Period (472 BC), Gou Jian, the king of Yue, destroyed the State of Wu, so he returned to the State of Yue. In the thirty-fifth year of King Xian of Zhou (334 BC), Xiong Shang and Chu Weiwang conquered the state of Yue and killed the king without borders.

In the second year, all the land of Wu was recovered. In the 26th year of Qin Shihuang (22 1), the world was divided into 36 counties, which belonged to Jiujiang County.

In the sixth year of Emperor Gaozu (the first 20 years1), Chaisang County, Zhang Yu County, Huainan was established, and Xing Zi was in its territory. In the third year of Wei and Huang in the Three Kingdoms (222), Sun Quan of Soochow established Wuchang County, which belonged to Chai Sang.

In the first year of Jin Yongxing (304), Chaisang County in Wuchang County and Xunyang County in Luzhou County were designated as Xunyang County. The Southern Dynasties still followed the old system and belonged to Xunyang County.

Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty laid flat on Chen, abolished Xunyang County and set up Jiangzhou, and abolished Runan and Chaisang County and set up Xunyang County. Eighteen years (598), renamed the county.

In the third year of Daye (607), Jiangzhou was abolished and changed to Jiujiang County, and Peng Li was renamed Gancheng. In the fourth year of Tang Wude (62 1), Jiangzhou was rebuilt and Xunyang County was established. In eight years (625), Kancheng was merged into Xunyang.

In the Five Dynasties, during the Yamato period of Wu Yangpu (929~935), Xing Zi Town was set up at the southern foot of Lushan Mountain to station troops. Because there are stones (that is, falling star piers) floating on the water like stars, it is named.

Nankangbao New Year, Xunyang changed its name to Dehua, and Xing Zi Town belongs to Dehua County. Song Taiping rejuvenating the country for three years (978), Xing Zi Town was promoted to Xing Zi County, belonging to Jiangzhou.

(In three years, Sinong Temple became a town tax collector, saying, "It is a meeting of rivers and lakes, and merchants gather. Please build it as an army." In the same year, Emperor Taizong promoted Xing Zi Town to County by imperial edict, which made Kong Yi know about Xing Zi County. )

In the seventh year of Taiping and Xingguo (982), Nankang Army was established, which was under the unified jurisdiction of Hongzhou Jianchang (Anyi County in Ming Dynasty), Jiangzhou Duchang and Xing Zi, with Xing Zi County as the military management and Zhang Nan as the first known army; It belongs to Jiangnan Road. In the fourth year of Tianxi (1020), Jiangnan Road was divided into east and west roads, and Nankang Army was subordinate to Jiangnan East Road.

From the Yuan Dynasty to the fourteenth year of the Yuan Dynasty (1277), Nankang Army was renamed Nankang Road, and a general management office was set up, which belonged to Jianghuai Province. Soon, it was changed to Jiangxi Province.

In the twenty-first year of Zheng Zheng (136 1), Zhu Yuanzhang went west to Jiangxi and changed Nankang Road to Xining House. In the ninth year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (1376), it was renamed Nankangfu, which was subordinate to Jiangxi Chief Secretary.

In the ninth year of Yongzheng in Qing Dynasty (173 1), Nankang House belonged to Guangrao Jiumo. From Song Dynasty to Qing Dynasty, Xing Zi belonged to Nankang.

Nankang Army, Railway and Fuzhi are all located in Xing Zi County. In the winter of the first year of the Republic of China (19 12), Nankang House was abolished, and Xing Zi County was kept, which belonged to Jiangxi Province.

In the third year of the Republic of China (19 14), the whole province was divided into four roads, and Xing Zi belonged to Xunyang Road. 15 years (1926), Xing Zi was directly under the jurisdiction of Jiangxi province.

In 2 1 (1932), Jiangxi was divided into thirteen administrative regions, and Xing Zi was the third administrative region (located in Ruichang). In 24 years (1935), it was assigned to the fifth administrative region (located in Fuliang).

In the 28th year of the Republic of China (1939), the whole province was reduced to 1 1 administrative region, and Xing Zi was placed under the ninth administrative region (located in Minshan). The county government was stationed in Xiangyang and Duchang. In 3 1 (1942), it still belongs to the ninth administrative region (the agency is located in Wuning).

On may 24th, 1949, China people's fourth field army129th division was stationed in the county, and Xing Zi county was liberated. After the founding of New China, Xing Zi County was subordinate to Jiujiang area (later renamed Jiujiang area).

1July, 983, Jiujiang merged with the city, and Xing Zi County was subordinate to Jiujiang City.

Second, Xing Zi County has a history of hundreds of years. Xing Zi County is backed by Lushan Mountain and faces Poyang Lake. It faces duchang county across the sea in the east, borders Jiujiang County and Dean County in the west, connects Lushan Administration Mountain in the north and Huzhou in Yongxiu County in the south.

The county has a population of 230,800, including agricultural population of 20,065,438+10,000, covering an area of 894 square kilometers. It governs 10 townships, 1 one (Donggushan Forest Farm), 1 one (Poyang Lake Shahushan Wetland Ecological Reserve Management Office) and 72 administrative villages. Xing Zi County is located in the north of Jiangxi.

Backed by Lushan Mountain and facing Poyang Lake, it is said that "there are stars falling into the lake". It faces duchang county across the lake in the east, Yongxiu County in the south, Jiujiang and Dean counties in the west and Lushan District in the north.

The county is 35 kilometers wide from east to west and 52 kilometers long from north to south, with a land span of11548'-110' and a latitude of 29 8'-29 36'. The terrain is high in the northwest and low in the southeast. The total area is 894 square kilometers, including 8867 hectares of cultivated land. The land structure is "three mountains, four waters and half fields, divided into half-way and half-manor"

It has jurisdiction over 7 towns, 3 townships, 1 state-owned forest farm and 1 wetland management office, with a population of 240,000, including Manchu, Hui and Zhuang ethnic minorities. Xing Zi County has been built for more than 1000 years.

Since ancient times, it has been "the throat of the South China, the crossroads of the Xijiang River and the gateway to the Youjiang River". The Shang and Zhou Dynasties were the domain of Yangzhou, the Warring States belonged to Chu, and the Qin and Han Dynasties belonged to Jiujiang County.

During the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, Wu Yangpu established Xing Zi Town (929-835 AD), and Song Taiping Xingguo for three years (978 AD), and the town was promoted to a county. Nankang Army, Nankang Road and Nankang House were set up in the later calendar, which governed Xing Zi, Duchang, Jianchang and Anyi counties, and the loyalists jointly ruled Xing Zi.

In the early years of the Republic of China, Nankang House was abandoned and belonged to Xunyang Road. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, it was affiliated to Jiujiang City.

Xing Zi County, Xing Zi County is located between the mine and Lishui, with superior ecological environment. The air quality remained above Grade II all the year round, and the forest coverage rate reached 30.7%.

It belongs to subtropical monsoon region, with mild climate and abundant rainfall. Average annual precipitation 1437mm, average annual temperature 15- 18℃, average annual sunshine hours 1932 hours. Sand Mountain along the lake is a wind tunnel in the whole province and the first wind power generation experimental area in Jiangxi.

There are many peaks in Lushan Mountain within its jurisdiction, with 7 peaks over 1,000 meters 17, and Hanyang Peak, the highest peak in Lushan Mountain, is 1474 meters above sea level. The mountain stream system is developed. There are many canyons in Lushan Mountain, and there are dozens of streams in the harbor, with a total length of more than 200 kilometers. The annual runoff of surface water reaches 525 million cubic meters, and the hydropower reserve is 65.438+0.6 million kilowatts.

Yujing Mountain, Tokyo Mountain, Hualin Mountain Mountain, Huanglong Mountain and Shashan Mountain in the central part stretch for tens of kilometers, and are rich in nonmetallic mineral resources, mainly including granite, bluestone, potash feldspar, limestone and kaolin, among which the granite reserves are 654.38+0.50 billion m3, and the bluestone reserves are 6543.8+0. 1 100 million m3. Poyang Lake has a coastline of 220 kilometers and a fishing surface of 582,000 mu, which is rich in freshwater treasures such as pearls, soft-shelled turtles, mandarin fish, whitebait, crabs and shrimps.

Yu Xiu, Zhong Ling, Xing Zi County has an outstanding natural landscape. The 382-square-kilometer Lushan Mountain Scenic Area designated by the State Council covers an area of 200 square kilometers in Xing Zi, including a waterfall (Li Bai Waterfall "Flying Down Three thousands of feet"), two canyons (Peach Blossom Garden and Qixian Canyon are respectively 12km and 6 km long), three national treasures (Bailudong Academy, Guanyin Bridge and Xiufeng Mo Stone Carving, a national cultural relic protection unit) and three national treasures.

Lushan Radon-rich Hot Springs, Huaqing Pool in Shaanxi and Pyrenees Hot Springs in Spain are also known as the three famous springs in the world. The water temperature is kept at 68-72℃ all the year round, and it contains more than 30 kinds of minerals and trace elements beneficial to human body. Poyang Lake has a vast and boundless rainy season.

34 square kilometers of sand mountain and 12 kilometers of beach coastline are quite beautiful in Saibei. The 80,000 mu Huzhou wetland in the lake area is a world-famous Poyang Lake wetland, which is flooded and dried up in winter. Hundreds of thousands of migratory birds spend the winter here every year, with more than 50 species of birds/kloc-0 and more than 0 species of rare birds in the world.

Land of "true Confucianism" "Picking chrysanthemums under the east fence, leisurely see Nanshan".

Throughout the ages, celebrities who have visited the hometown of pastoral poet Tao Yuanming, such as Li Bai, Su Shi, Zhu, Huang Tingjian, Mi Fei, Wang Yangming, Li Shizhen, Dong Feng, Xu Xiake, etc. , or poetry, or giving lectures, or traveling; Dignitaries and dignitaries are crowned as clouds, emperors Li Jing and Kangxi of past dynasties, and modern celebrities Zhou Enlai, Zhu De, * * *, Chiang Kai-shek and Feng Yuxiang. , leaving a lot of poems and songs for summer vacation or inspection. There are * * * 2,500 poems on Lushan Mountain, of which 1800 were written by Xingzi, and 1300 were carved on the precipice of Lushan Mountain, of which 700 were written in Xing Zi.

Among China's famous literary works, Tao Yuanming's Peach Blossom Garden, Gui Xi Ci, Li Bai's Looking at Lushan Waterfall, Zhou Dunyi's Love Lotus Theory and Su Dongpo's Topic Xilin Wall were all born in this land, and seven masterpieces were listed in the textbooks of China universities, middle schools and primary schools, which are rare in the whole country and unique at the county level. The magical Xing Zi County is a thriving place of Neo-Confucianism and Zen Buddhism which have influenced China's ideology and culture for nearly a thousand years. It is the birthplace of Nantian Shidao, which has a far-reaching impact on social life. It is also the earliest institution of higher learning in the world and the location of Bailudong Academy, the first of the four ancient academies.

It is the cradle of China's pastoral poetry and a typical area of China's reclusive culture. At the same time, Taoism, Buddhism, Catholicism, Christianity and * * * religion live on the same mountain, where many cultures meet and become a unique religious and cultural phenomenon. Xing Zi made great contributions to the prosperity of philosophy, literature, religion, education and medicine in China.

During the Tenth Five-Year Plan period, the GDP increased by 18%, the fiscal revenue increased by 23.2%, and the per capita net income of farmers increased by 16.3%. The overall planning of the leisure tourism corridor around Lushan Mountain has been completed, and the hot spring leisure tourism has developed rapidly, forming a "star phenomenon" of Jiangxi tourism; The overall industrial planning has been completed, Xing Zi Industrial Park and Hot Spring High-tech Project Zone have become the main platforms for industrial development, and the construction of large-capacity industrial belt along the lake has been started; A new round of county master planning and new town planning has been implemented. The built-up area of the county seat covers an area of 5.2 square kilometers, with a permanent population of 50,000, and the urban taste and living environment have been significantly improved. Nearly 100 ecological farms have flourished, and Poyang Lake has become a characteristic and pillar industry of agriculture, including high-quality rice, flower seedlings, special aquatic products, early-maturing pears and wild ducks.

Focusing on water, electricity and roads, the infrastructure has been improved day by day, and 20,000 tons/day county waterworks and 20,000 tons/day hot spring waterworks have been rebuilt. The transformation of urban and rural power grids has been completed in an all-round way, and the urban and rural electricity consumption is in the same grid and file; Poyang Lake Freight Terminal with a total investment of 70 million yuan.

Third, the humanistic history of Lushan Mountain Lushan Mountain has beautiful scenery and profound cultural connotation. It is a famous mountain in education, culture, religion and politics. From Sima Qian's Mount Lushan in the South and View Jiujiang in the View.

Tao Yuanming, Prince Zhao Ming, Li Bai, Bai Juyi, Su Shi, Wang Anshi, Huang Tingjian, Lu You, Zhu, Kang Youwei, Hu Shi, Guo Moruo, etc. 1500 literary masters visited Lushan Mountain, leaving more than 4,000 poems and songs.

Chen Yunhe's poem "Lushan Mountain" says that "the history books are swept by three springs, and the ancient poetry five old peaks stand tall, and the leading cliff hidden in the fairy cave rises with deep affection. The mouth of the cave is difficult to express, Lulin Lake gathers reality, the flower diameter wears celebrities of all ages, and Tianchi reads the whole world.

White deer is strong and is raised in a Buddhist temple in the shade of Lindong. "It can be seen that Chiang Kai-shek's footprints still exist, respecting the former residence of * * *, and the magnificent scenery is the best in the world, from which century masterpieces come."

In the seventh year of Southern Song Dynasty (1 180), the great philosopher Zhu Zhenxing Bailudong Academy. He initiated the lecture education in China. He established a huge "Neo-Confucianism" system based on the traditional political ethics of Confucianism.

From then on, "Neo-Confucianism" became the main thought of China feudal society, which influenced the 700-year history of China. By the beginning of the last century, the architectural style of Lushan villa group had been in 25 countries in the world.

From Hu Xiansu's establishment of the first subtropical mountain botanical garden in China to Li Siguang's "Quaternary Glacier" theory. Lushan Botanical Garden has a terrain barrier, where subtropical and South Asian tropical plants are domesticated and grow well.

In 2009, Lushan Botanical Garden was awarded the earliest subtropical mountain botanical garden in China, world record association and China. Li Siguang, a geologist in China, pointed out that there were glaciers in Lushan Mountain in Quaternary, which attracted the attention of international academic circles. Therefore, Lushan Mountain is an important place for natural science research.

Extended data:

Lushan landscape culture is a wonderful reflection of China landscape culture and a historical microcosm of China landscape culture. The nature of Lushan Mountain is both poetic and humanized.

Since the Eastern Jin Dynasty, poets have sung more than 4,000 poems and songs about Lushan Mountain with their heroes and brilliant pens. Xie Lingyun, a poet in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, looks at Lushan Mountain, and Bao Zhao, a poet in the Southern Dynasties, looks at Shimen.

It is one of the earliest landscape poems in China, and Lushan Mountain has also become one of the cradles of China's landscape poems. Tao Yuanming, a poet, wrote with Lushan Mountain as the background all his life, and his pastoral style influenced the whole China poetry circle.

Li Bai, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, visited Lushan Mountain five times and left 14 poems for Lushan Mountain, such as "Sending Lv to Imperial Virtual Boat". His "Looking at Lushan Waterfall" has been flowing with Lushan Waterfall for ages, and it is a household name in China and overseas Chinese society.

Become the best in China's ancient poetry. The poem Xilin Wall written by Su Shi, a poet in the Song Dynasty, has a wide spread and far-reaching influence. "I don't know the true face of Lushan Mountain, but I am only in this mountain" has become a famous sentence full of dialectical philosophy. ...

Lushan Mountain landscape is a combination of landscape and human landscape. After spiritual examination by poets, painters, writers and philosophers, Lushan Mountain has created many historical sites with a particularly strong humanistic atmosphere.

As a Singaporean scholar commented, "If the historical landscape of Mount Tai was created by emperors, the historical landscape of Mount Lushan was created by literati."

Tao Yuanming's Peach Blossom Garden, with Kang Wang Valley in Lushan Mountain as the background, is full of utopian idealism. Two women from Lushan Mountain in the Southern Dynasties took Lushan Mountain as the activity stage and became famous works of China's early mystery novels.

The poem Peach Blossom in Dalin Temple by Bai Juyi, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, created a scenic spot-Huadao. He built a "Lushan Cottage" in Lushan Mountain, and his "Lushan Cottage" is a masterpiece describing ancient landscape gardens in China.

Ning Ren Zhu Fuxing Bailudong Academy, making it the first of the four major academies in ancient China. Thus, generations of Neo-Confucianism in Song and Ming Dynasties cultivated here, which truly recorded the process and history of this cultural phenomenon with profound characteristics.

The School Rules of Bailudong Academy formulated by Zhu became the norm of feudal education in China, and also influenced the historical and cultural process in China.

Landscape poetry and landscape painting are two major projects in China's landscape culture. Landscape poetry shines brilliantly in Lushan Mountain, and so does landscape painting.

Gu Kaizhi, a painter in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, created Lushan Mountain Map, which became the first independent landscape painting in the history of China painting. From then on, Master Dan Qing used Lushan Mountain as a carrier to express the aesthetic realm of Lushan Mountain in this artistic form.

The first theoretical breakthrough of Chinese painting is also Gu Kaizhi's "vivid theory". But this is the result of Hui Yuan, a famous monk in East Asia, who expounded the philosophy of "the theory of immortality of all forms" in Lushan Mountain. Zong Bing, one of the "eighteen gentlemen" of Tuolin Jilian Society in Lushan Mountain.

His Preface to Painting Landscape became China's first true theory of landscape painting. His theory of "relaxation spirit" broke the aesthetic view of "a gentleman has virtue" and showed the rise of a new aesthetic trend of thought.