Artistic characteristics of blue and white porcelain

brief introduction

Blue and white is painted and decorated with natural cobalt on white mud, then coated with transparent glaze, and then fired for the first time at a high temperature of 1300 degrees Celsius, so that the pigment fully penetrates into the blank glaze, showing a green blue pattern, which looks beautiful, bright and elegant. Blue-and-white is the most national porcelain decoration in China, a kind of underglaze colored porcelain, and one of the earliest methods of ceramic decoration in China.

In the Qing Dynasty, Gong praised blue-and-white porcelain in his Tao Ge: "White glazed blue-and-white porcelain is fired, and the flowers are bright from the glaze. You can participate in innate beauty, and infinity comes from Tai Chi. "

Distinguish and appreciate

The style of ancient ceramics is an important basis for identifying its production date. Because the font, writing style, color and style of blue and white porcelain in past dynasties have their remarkable characteristics, as long as we master the basic rules of style, we can accurately judge the age and kiln mouth of ancient porcelain. Calligraphy and patterns in ancient blue-and-white porcelain are also of great reference value to the innovation of calligraphy and painting seal cutting.

trait

Blue and white is the most national porcelain decoration in China, and it is also one of the earliest methods invented in China ceramic decoration. Its characteristics are: strong coloring, bright hair color and stable color; Second, the pattern will never fade; Third, the color is bright, beautiful and elegant, with the artistic charm of China ink painting; Fourth, it does not contain toxic elements such as lead and arsenic, and has no toxic side effects on the human body; Fifth, it is not only suitable for decorating daily-use porcelain such as dining tables and tea sets, but also suitable for decorating display porcelain such as vases and vats; Sixth, its raw materials are rich in natural minerals containing cobalt.

history

Blue-and-white porcelain originated in the Tang and Song Dynasties, but by the Yuan Dynasty, the production of blue-and-white porcelain in Jingdezhen was mature, which was the progress of the times in the history of porcelain making in China. Before Yuan Dynasty, it was common to use carved flowers in shadow play. Since the emergence of solemn blue and white flowers, the decorative changes of shadow carved flowers have gradually retreated to a secondary position. During the years of Yongle, Xuande and Chenghua in the Ming Dynasty, Jiajing, Yongzheng and Qianlong blue and white flowers in the Kangxi Dynasty were the most prominent, with bright artistic effects. Therefore, in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, blue and white porcelain became the mainstream of porcelain production in China, which was loved by people and became a necessity for emperors, concubines and dignitaries. Even Europeans often show off their wealth by collecting blue and white porcelain. It is said that in order to please the new queen, the King of Saxony in the15th century exchanged four guards for the 12 blue and white porcelain bottles of the neighboring monarch.

After the founding of New China, Jingdezhen's blue-and-white porcelain inherited the excellent traditions of past dynasties, developed fresh and lively new varieties with the flavor of the times, and made remarkable achievements in gift porcelain, exhibition porcelain boxes and export commercial porcelain. Not only the state organs, the Great Hall of the People and more than 100 China embassies abroad chose blue-and-white porcelain, but almost all hotels, restaurants, organizations and families in large and medium-sized cities across the country used blue-and-white porcelain. What's more, blue and white porcelain has become a precious gift in China's diplomatic etiquette. For example, when US President Nixon visited China in 1972, Premier Zhou Enlai gave him an expensive set of blue and white tableware; 1978 10 during his visit to Japan, Vice Premier Deng Xiaoping presented blue and white stationery to the Crown Prince of Japan and Prime Minister Fukuda.

On the whole, the enamel color of modern Jingdezhen blue-and-white porcelain is blue, the hair color is green, the shape is beautiful and the decoration is elegant. Among many blue-and-white varieties, the "Blue-and-white Indus Tableware" produced by People's Porcelain Factory is the representative product of blue-and-white porcelain. It consists of dozens or even hundreds of pieces of porcelain of different sizes and shapes. The shape is light and generous, the outline is beautiful and symmetrical, the lines are neat and delicate, and the colors are harmonious and attractive.

"Wu Tong" refers to the name of traditional blue and white flowers, and "Wu Tong" means auspicious, which is based on the beautiful sentence of "Wu Tong attracts the phoenix" in China folklore. Through the ingenious combination of point, line and surface, the picture gives an ideal description of the scenery of the gardens in the south of the Yangtze River: apricot trees in stone bridges, flowers and birds, pavilions in the vicinity, mountains and rivers in the distance, beautiful lakes and mountains, and there is indeed an artistic conception of "white waves and green mountains are not human" Artists use the scattered perspective method of Chinese painting to depict complex scenery, objects and people on a painting, decorate it with hanging beads, and set the "eight treasures" pattern in the middle as a symbol of good luck. The whole picture is profound in conception and implication, with strong national color and oriental artistic style. In addition to the "phoenix tree", there are also decorations such as hibiscus, begonia, lotus, Dunhuang, Ssangyong, mallow and goldfish. There are plump, rigorous, dignified and beautiful, elegant and poetic, which are pleasing to the eye and can't be put down. 1979 The blue-and-white sycamore tableware produced by People's Porcelain Factory won the national gold medal for high-quality products, and 1984 won three gold medals in Leipzig, France, Bourfa, Czech Republic and Poznan, Poland.

decorate

The blue-and-white display porcelain is more beautifully decorated, such as thousands of blue-and-white cans, 10,000 blue-and-white bottles and more than 10,000 pieces, with paintings of Suzhou Garden, Beijing Temple of Heaven, Summer Palace, Guilin landscape, Lushan scenery, "Four Beautiful Pictures" and "Shi Xiangyun should at least sleep". The picture is vivid, the material color level is clear, and the decoration is unique.

Folk blue-and-white porcelain is a simple and bright decorative form of blue-and-white porcelain. The biggest feature of folk blue and white is that the pen is smooth and bold, and the dyeing is patchy. Picturesque, there are only two miscellaneous trees, a hillside and a stream, which are not written much, but the quiet and beautiful natural beauty is endless. Many children in baby play pictures can make facial eyebrows without pen and ink at all, but only in Shangluo circle can they become children's heads with heavy materials, but their innocent and lively forms are lifelike.