What are the ancient Chinese dances

The rituals and music of the Zhou Dynasty, which is a collection of ancient dances, have entered the slave society since Xia Yu passed his son to Qi. After the Xia and Shang dynasties (21st to 11th centuries B.C.) and the founding of the Western Zhou Dynasty, slavery reached its peak, and the ruling class of the Zhou Dynasty had fully realized the social role of music and dance for political purposes, and formulated a system of rituals and music. In order to carry out the implementation of this ritual system, the Zhou royal family organized the music and dance surviving from the previous generations, including the music and dance of the Yellow Emperor "Yunmen", the music and dance of Tang Yao "Dahan", the music and dance of Yu and Shun "Dashao", the music and dance of Xia Yu "Daxia", the music and dance of Shang Tang "Dai" and the music and dance of King Wu of the Zhou "Dawu", which were called the Six Generations of Dance, and used for sacrifices. A large music and dance organization called "Da Si Le" was established, and the children of the nobles had to be strictly educated in the six arts (rituals, music, archery, imperialism, calligraphy and mathematics). 13 years old enrolled in the school, and gradually learnt music, recitation of poems and small dances, and at the age of 15, began to learn archery, driving, and the dance of "Elephant" (which is said to be a kind of martial arts dance and is thought to be a totem dance such as fish and shrimp). At the age of 20, they learned various rituals and the Great Dance.

When the great festival was held, the daisyaku led the children of the nobles to perform the Rokuyo Odori dance. Different music and dances were performed for different occasions, such as the Kairaku for victory, the Shidairaku and Sanraku for enjoyment of guests, and the Bow and Yagami Dance for the shooting ceremony. In all ceremonial occasions, the sanctity of being commanded by Heaven was emphasized on the one hand, and the dignity of hierarchical distinction on the other. The ritual and music system of the Western Zhou was a major creation of the political civilization of the slave society, and it was a great success of the ancient dances before the Zhou.

Han Dynasty

The two Han dynasties were characterized by the consolidation of the feudal system, economic prosperity, and the improvement of people's lives, which led to the corresponding development of music and dance. Famous songs and dances in different places include: "East Song", "East Dance", "Zhao Acura", "Zhao Dance", "Jing Yan", "Chu Dance", Wu "Yue Yin", "Zheng Sound", "Zheng Dance". The exchange of music and dance culture of various ethnic groups The ancient music and dance culture of the Chinese nation is formed in the continuous exchange and fusion of music and dance culture of various ethnic groups. Such exchanges, the Xia Dynasty has been, "Bamboo Book Chronicle", "Shaokang is the throne, Fang Yi guests, offering its music and dance". "After the hair of the throne, the first year, and then Paul Yong will be on the pool, the barbarians into the dance". The Six Dynasties Dance of the Zhou Dynasty was also the concentration and exchange of music and dance of various ethnic groups. Western music and dance of the introduction, about the time of the Qin and Han Dynasties, the beginning of the Han Dynasty Palace has "ü-Tepan music". Emperor Wu of Han sent Zhang Qian through the Western Regions, the introduction of the "Mahabharat Tule" of the song, Concordance Lieutenant Li Yannian because of the hu music more to create a new sound of twenty-eight solutions, in the acceptance of foreign music and dance under the influence of the creation and development. Ban Gu "Dongdu Fu" depicts the Han dynasty four barbarians music and dance gathered in Luoyang performance of the scene, there are East Barbarians "spear dance", Southwest Barbarians "feather dance", West Barbarians "halberd dance" and North Barbarians "dry dance". Emperor Ling of the Eastern Han Dynasty was fond of Hu music and dance, and all the nobles in Kyoto followed suit. In the Han Dynasty, there are images of Hu people performing acrobatics, illusions and drums on the Han statues. The Pan Drum Dance of the Han Dynasty blended the grace and elegance of the Central Plains with the warmth and exuberance of the Western Regions, forming the aesthetic characteristics of Han Dynasty dance. This dance was lost to obscurity during the Six Dynasties, and only in recent years has it been discovered that it is still in circulation in the folklore of Anhui and Shaanxi.

Another result of the exchange of music and dance between the Central Plains and the Western Regions arose during the conquests of the Northern Dynasties. During the Western Jin Dynasty, people from Guanzhong took refuge in Liangzhou, bringing with them the traditional music and dance of the Han and Wei dynasties. Lv Guang and the Xiongnu people frustrated the qu channel Mengxun Ping the West gained the "tortoise music" and the transmission of the old music of the Central Plains in Liangzhou, resulting in a new type of music and dance "Xiliang music", Gansu Dunhuang is the capital of Xiliang, Dunhuang Cave mural records of the "Xiliang music and dance" of the rhythm of the grace.

Tang Dynasty

Tang Dynasty Yan music since the Zhou Dynasty, the court set up a special music and dance institutions, centralized and training of professional music and dance personnel, pay attention to the inheritance of traditions and the absorption of foreign influences.

To the Tang Dynasty, the music and dance institutions include the Taishang Temple, the Church, the Pear Garden, the Yichun Academy, etc., which concentrated a large number of highly skilled music and dance artists and emphasized the cultivation and training of dance skills. The Tang Dynasty inherited the results of the Sui Dynasty unification, both in the southern dynasty of the Qing Shang music and dance, but also in the northern dynasty of the Xiliang, Guzi, Goryeo, Tianzhu, Kangguo, Anguo, Shule, and other eastern and western music and dance, especially accepted the influence of the western regions of the various ethnic groups of the music and dance, the old music and new sounds, the Han-Hu mingled to promote the development of the Tang Dynasty music and dance.

Song Dynasty

Song Dynasty Dance and its theater factors Song Dynasty dance has 3 main aspects: the court team dance, folk team dance and dance in the theater. In the Song Dynasty, the team dances of the Tang Dynasty were supplemented by the children's team dance and the female disciples' team dance (see Song Dynasty court team dance).

Folk dances flourished in the Song Dynasty. Every New Year's Day, Lantern Festival, Qingming Festival, Tianning Festival (the emperor's birthday), folk dance team is very active. There were 70 kinds of dance teams in the New Year's Eve recorded in the Old Story of Wulin, and many of the programs of these 70 dance teams are still in folklore (see Folk Dance Teams of the Song Dynasty).

Dances from the Song Dynasty's Hundred Operas were often performed in the military. Tokyo Dreaming Records" "driving on the Baotsu building of the army presented a hundred plays" article, soldiers disguised as masked and cloaked gods and ghosts, judges, etc., in the drums and flutes, smoke and fire, firecrackers, shouting, performing "hold gong", "hard ghosts", "dance judge", "mime", "seven holy knife", "rest tent", "wipe stagger", etc., performers from one or two to more than a hundred people. The performers ranged from one or two people to more than a hundred people, some wearing masks, some with green, green, yellow and white colors on their faces, with golden eyes and different costumes, fighting and stabbing two by two, and posing in formation against each other. These played a variety of characters dance, each into a play, but also seems to have a certain link to the plot of the drama.

Yuan Dynasty

Yuan Dynasty Opera Dance and Religious Dance Yuan Dynasty Opera Art called Yuan Miscellaneous Opera. The Yuan dynasty opera art is called Yuanzaiju. In Yuanzaiju, "singing", "cloud" and "ke" are its artistic means of performance. Among the three, "Ke" is the main work, including expression, dance and martial arts. Among them, there are inserted dances, such as the "Iron Crutch Li Degree Golden Girls", the 4th fold: "I can see my eight immortals dance a time you see (on the eight immortals, song and dance section)." In addition, "Liu Xuan De drunk up yellow crane tower" in the folk dance team dance "village field music", "chase Han Xin" in the use of running bamboo horse and so on. Other examples of such insertive dances in Yuan miscellaneous dramas include An Lushan's "Hu Spin" dance and Yang Guifei's "Neishang Yuyi" dance in "Tang Minghuang's Autumn Night Sycamore Rain. The martial arts techniques in the Yuan miscellaneous dramas also contain many dance elements, such as various instrumental dances, sparring, somersaults, and pouncing flags on stilts. Some other plays, such as "Little Yuchi" in the "do tune formation section", "Maling Road" in the "pawns pose formation section", which is a team dance. Yuan miscellaneous dramas in other work, gradually evolved into programmed dance movements to express the characters' moods, such as "Bay Moon Pavilion" in the "Jordan to do shyness Section", "Jordan to do panic folding tragic beat sad action with names, such as "Puffing Red Flag", "Drag the Red Flag", "Drag the Red Flag", "Drag the Red Flag", "Drag the Red Flag", "Drag the Red Flag", "Drag the Red Flag" and so on. ", "dragging white practice", "on stilts" and so on. The religious dances of ancient China are mainly Wiccan, Taoist and Buddhist dances. Wicca and Taoism are the inherent religions of China, and since the Eastern Han Dynasty, Buddhism imported from India has been flourishing, and has not declined until the Northern and Southern Dynasties as well as the Sui, Tang and Five Dynasties. Emperor Huan of the Eastern Han Dynasty, etc., ancestral temple Buddha "to do advocate music, in order to seek blessings"; Northern Wei Jingle Temple in Luoyang, set up a female music, "singing around the beams, dance sleeve Xu turn"; Southern Dynasty Liang Wu Di system "good", The Emperor Wu of Liang in the Southern Dynasty made "Shan Ya" and "Da Le", which were called "Zheng Le" to publicize the Buddha's teachings. Tang Dynasty, one of the ten music "Xilang music", there is "ütepe Buddha song", the Song Dynasty court team dance in the bodhisattva offering incense and flowers team, are also promoting Buddhism music and dance.

The Yuan Dynasty to believe in shamanism (Wicca) and Manuism (Buddhism) is mainly in the Yuan Dynasty court team dance is full of religious superstitious colors. Yuan dynasty court team dance, *** divided into four teams, New Year's Day with the "Leyin Wang team", Tianshou Festival with the "longevity team", the court with the "ritual band", the preaching of Buddhism with the "saying team". Each team is divided into 10 squads. Among the 10 teams of the "King of Music Team", the lead team is a band, and there are two women's teams, one playing the song of Changchunliu and the other dancing with peonies, and in the 10th team, there are also women performing the Hanayoko drum dance, while the rest of them are men's teams dancing and pretending to be deities and ghosts. The rest of the dances are performed by men dressed as gods and ghosts. In the "Saying Team," there is also a dance in which the Eight Great Vajra are danced. In addition, there are also "Bao Gai Dance", "Sun and Moon Fan Dance", "Block Dance", "Umbrella Dance", "Golden Wing Peng Dance", all of which are dances with religious colors.

The most famous dance of the Yuan Dynasty is the Sixteen Heavenly Devils Dance created by Emperor Yuan Shundi, which is called "Praise Buddha" and is actually for entertainment, and only eunuchs who have received the secret precepts are allowed to watch it when it is performed in the palace and it is strictly forbidden to perform it in the civil society.

Ming and Qing Dynasties

Ming and Qing Dynasties Dance The dance of this period can be roughly divided into three categories: court team dance, opera dance and folk dance. Ming dynasty court dance, the big rituals into the feast with "the dynasty team dance", "tassel whip victory team dance". Halloween feast with "nine barbarians into the treasure team dance", "Shouxing team dance". The Winter Solstice Banquet used the Zan Shengxi Team Dance and the Hundred Flowers Pilgrimage Team Dance. On the first day of the feast, the "Lotus Flower Dance" and "Lotus Dance" were used for the feast.

The general name of the Qing Dynasty Palace Banquet Band Dance is "Qinglong Dance", which includes the "Yanglie Dance" and "Heiqi Dance" of the ministerial dance. Dance content is allegorical, the beginning of the band stood two wings, singers 13 people, playing "Qinglong" music, performing "Yang Lie Dance", there are wearing a yellow painted cloth cover 16 people, wearing a black sheepskin cover 16 people, each wearing masks, jumping and falling, like strange beasts. And on the bamboo horse riding 8 people, circling and chasing, like the eight banners soldiers. A person shot a beast, the beasts followed and deterred. At this point, the "happy dance" dance team on the stage, the minister of the court dress 18 people, dance to celebrate.

China is a multi-ethnic country, **** there are 56 ethnic groups. Because of the different life, history, religion, culture and customs of each ethnic group, a rich and colorful ethnic folk dance has been produced. From the point of view of the folk dances of the various ethnic groups that have been handed down to the present day, the vast majority of these dances have been finalized and matured in the Ming and Qing Dynasties (see Ming and Qing Dynasties Dance, Han Folk Dance, and Chinese Folk Dance).