Typical farmland landscape forms in Chinese traditional agriculture

In Chinese traditional agriculture, the relationship between man and nature is reflected in the relationship between man, heaven, earth and crops. Among them, two typical farmland landscapes are the "two hills coupled" landscape in the north and the "Sangji fish pond" landscape in the south [67].

2.2. 1. 1 northern "two mountains in pairs" landscape

In the natural environment with many rivers and lakes, in order to develop lowlands, people adopt the method of "coupling two rivers and two lakes" to dig ditches and lakes in the field for drainage and alkali washing, thus forming farmland with mu structure. The methods of cultivating mu include cultivating mu and cultivating mu. Plow is a ditch, mu is a ridge, and border farming is also a ridge farming method, which is the earliest drought-resistant farming method. There are two forms of planting, one is wide planting and the other is small planting. Guangtian system consists of three parts: town, road and ditch, with town as strip field; There are sidewalks between towns; Make a ditch in the town, the width of which is parallel to the town, and plant crops in the ditch. The planting methods of small plots vary according to the soil fertility, such as the size of the area, the distance between areas, the number of acres and so on. As the dominant form of agriculture in the Yellow River valley at that time, this kind of furrow farming was a ridge farming in dry land agriculture. The trinity of Reddy, Gully and Minefield constitutes an important feature of ancient agriculture in the Yellow River Basin and also an important feature of ancient civilization in China. Dry farming is still the main part of agriculture in North China, and the local problem of drought prevention and moisture conservation depends largely on farming measures. The tillage system of "ploughing-harrowing-hoeing-pressing-hoeing" with the aim of drought resistance and soil moisture conservation has become one of the important contents and characteristics of the intensive farming technology system in northern dry land.

2.2. 1.2 Landscape of "Sangji Fish Pond" in South China

The in-depth development of land use in South China has promoted the formation and development of "Sangji Fish Pond". The so-called mulberry fish pond, according to the records of Gaoming County, Guangdong Province, is to turn low-lying land into a pond, and the dredged mud is piled around the pond as a base. The foundation pond is six to four, six points for the foundation pond and four points for the pond. Mulberries and pond culture are planted in the base, mulberry leaves are fed to silkworms, silkworm excrement is fed to fish, and pond mud in the pond is used as fertilizer for mulberries. Through such recycling, the economic benefits of "two benefits and ten times the harvest" have been achieved.