Can you introduce the relevant rules of F 1?

In 2006, the rules of F 1 were revised again, and the most important places were qualifying and tire rules.

One: qualifying

Qualifying system is the biggest change rule. In mid-2005, the lap qualifying system was implemented. On Saturday, the drivers ran around the track in turn, and the starting position of the race was decided according to the time. In the middle of 2006, the single lap qualifying system will be replaced by the new three-stage elimination system. During the whole qualifying period, many cars can appear on the track. These three stages are two 15 minute stages and the last 20 minute stage, with an interval of 5 minutes between each stage.

The first stage: from 14 to 14 to 15, all cars can race on the track, and drivers can choose to appear at any time in this stage, and there is no limit on the number of laps. At the end of this phase, the slowest five cars (only counting the laps completed before the end of this phase) will not be able to participate in the rest of the qualifying phase, and they will be ranked in the last five in the starting area. The rest 15 cars are reset regularly.

Stage 2: After a 5-minute break, from 14: 20 to 14: 35, the remaining 15 cars will be able to race on the track, and drivers can also appear at this stage at any time, and there is no limit on the number of laps. At the end of this stage, the slowest five cars (only counting the laps completed before the end of this stage) will not be able to continue to participate in the remaining qualifying races, and will only be ranked 11th to 15th in the starting area. The remaining 10 vehicles are reset at regular intervals.

Stage 3: Rest for another 5 minutes, from 14: 40 to 15: 00, and the remaining 10 cars can race on the track. When the time is cleared, the remaining 10 vehicles will be eliminated in the last 20 minutes, and the pole position and the starting position of the previous 10 will be determined. Similarly, these cars can run as many laps as they need.

Note: In the first two stages 15 minutes, the car can use any fuel load, and drivers eliminated in these two stages can refuel before the official race begins. However, the first 10 drivers must bring the fuel they plan to use in the last 20 minutes of the race. They all have to be weighed before they get out of the pit, and the fuel consumed in these 20 minutes can be replenished after this stage of the game.

In qualifying, if a driver is considered to have made an unnecessary stop on the track or hindered other drivers, his timing will be cancelled.

The above procedure is based on the fact that there are 20 cars participating in the race. If 22 cars take part in the competition, 6 cars will be eliminated in the first and second stages. If there are 24 vehicles, 6 vehicles will be eliminated in the first and second stages respectively, and the remaining 12 vehicles will participate in the third stage.

In qualifying, if the referee thinks that a driver deliberately stops on the track or interferes with other drivers in any way, his timing will be cancelled.

Whether the new qualifying rules are necessarily better than the old lap qualifying system remains to be tested, but it is certain that the qualifying under the new rules is more exciting. There will be many cars on the track at all stages of qualifying, and there are many overtaking scenes, which is undoubtedly the favorite of fans. Of course, the team's strategy is more important.

Two: Engine

In 2006, in order to reduce the cost and increase the safety, the size of the engine was reduced from 3 liters V 10 to 2.4 liters V8. At the same engine speed, this change will reduce the peak power by about 200bhp compared with the V 10 engine in 2005, which may increase the lap time on most tracks by about 5 seconds. If some teams cannot develop competitive V8 engines, the FIA may allow them to use the 2005 V 10 engine. The FIA will limit the speed of all V 10 engines to ensure that their performance is equivalent to that of V8 engines. According to the current situation, the only team that will use the limited version V 10 engine this season is probably Red Bull, and the FIA has approved this team to use the limited version V 10 engine.

Engine specifications:

1, only 4-stroke reciprocating piston engine can be used.

According to the regulations, the displacement of the engine cannot exceed 2400cc.

3. It is forbidden to use pressurization.

4. All engines must have 8 cylinders arranged in a V shape with an included angle of 90o, and the standard parts of each cylinder must be round.

5. Each cylinder block of the engine must have two air intakes and two exhaust valves.

6. Spare engine: only applicable to 2006 and 2007. FIA reserves the right to allow any team to use engines that meet the engine specifications in 2005, but the maximum crankshaft speed cannot exceed the limits specified by FIA. This engine can only be used by teams that cannot develop a competitive 2.4-liter V8 engine.

The biggest advantage of reducing engine displacement is to increase safety, but what disappoints fans is that the speed of the car slows down due to the decrease of horsepower. In 2005, due to the regulation of using a set of tires, the lap speed was lower than that in 2004. In 2006, the engine power is reduced, and the lap speed may be lower, but this is only temporary. Every team will make improvements during the season to improve the speed of the car.

Three: tires:

In 2005, F 1 Race cancelled the tire changing rules, and each driver can only use one set of tires in qualifying and official races of a grand prix. In the 2006 season, the tire changing system in the race will return to Formula One. The reason behind this practice is that the size of the inverted engine is reduced, and allowing tire replacement will not make the car get much performance. Compared with 2005, drivers can use a little more tires: 7 sets of dry tires, 4 sets of rain tires and 3 sets of heavy rain tires. Drivers must finally decide what kind of dry tyres to use before qualifying.

Tire supply in competition and tire restriction in competition.

1, number of tires

A) Each driver shall not use more than 7 sets of dry tires, 4 sets of rain tires and 3 sets of heavy rain tires in each race. Each set of tires includes two front tires and two rear tires, and all tires should have the same specifications.

B) If a driver is changed during the race, the new driver must use the tires assigned to the original driver. If the new driver is the third driver, the tires he used in the first day of practice will not be counted in the total number of tires he used.

2. Tire management:

A) All tire sidewalls used in the competition must be marked with special identifiers.

B) Except in the case of force majeure (whether it is force majeure or not is decided by the arbitration meeting of the Games), all tires to be used in the staging must be handed over to the FIA technical representative for distribution after the first inspection.

C) At any time in a certain sub-race, the FIA technical representative may, according to his own judgment, select the spare dry tires used by the team or drivers from the relevant spare tires provided by the suppliers of the team.

D) If a competitor wants to replace an unused tire with an unused tire, both tires must be submitted to the FIA technical representative.

E) If tires without corresponding marks are used, the ranking results of relevant drivers will be cancelled or banned from participating.

F) Blankets using resistance heating elements are the only allowed tire heating equipment.

3, the use of tires:

A) After qualifying, drivers are not allowed to use more than one dry tire specification.

B) Before the start of qualifying, rain tires and dry tires can only be used when the race supervisor announces that the track is wet, and then rain tires, rain tires and dry tires can be used for the rest of the race.

D) grooved tires are used in the competition. The FIA reserves the right to measure the remaining groove depth at any time if the tire performance is affected by high wear rate or if a tire whose groove has been worn invisible is used.

The rule of re-allowing tire change has caused opposition from some teams, especially those who are more disgusted with Ferrari. Some people even said that this rule was amended to get Ferrari back on its feet. But in any case, most teams and fans think that changing tires is not allowed, which not only brings greater security risks to the competition, but also makes the team's tactics too simple. In the past, the tire changing strategy made the game full of more suspense and excitement. Last year's race, when the car came into the station, it was relatively deserted, and most of the staff just did inspection work.

Four: weekend arrangements

The arrangement of the grand prix weekend has changed slightly. Now there will be a 1 hour practice match on Saturday morning instead of two 45-minute practice matches. The practice time was between 1 1 and 12, and the qualifying started later than before 1 hour, starting from 14.

Five: Teams and drivers

On the team side, the addition of Super Aguri this year also broke the pattern of the original 10 racing team. The original Jordan team was acquired by wealthy Russian businessmen and renamed Midland; Minardi withdrew from F 1, and Red Bull took the opportunity to buy it and successfully formed the second team. Honda really moved from "listening to politics" to the front desk, turning the original British and American teams into Honda teams; Also, BMW was not willing to be a green leaf, so it ended its cooperation with Williams and bought the original Sauber team. In the 2006 season, F 1 team really completed a major operation.

As far as drivers are concerned, only Renault, McLaren, Toyota and Red Bull still maintain last year's lineup. There were personnel changes in other teams, and Barrichello "went to Ferrari"; Heidfeld was "dug" by BMW; Sato "went to work" at the last minute ...

Since the launch of the 1950 campaign, the FIA has revised the rules countless times. In order to ensure safety, Formula One organizers have explored how to tap the creative talents of engineers more than once. The first goal of these engineers is to improve the performance of the car. The technical rules of the championship only used more than 20 leaves to clearly define the scope of work of engineers. When you look at it, you can find that Formula One racing is defined as "a vehicle with at least four wheels not in line, of which at least two wheels are used for steering and at least two wheels are used for driving". It is very important to define how long an engineer should reach the extremely important hundredth of a second.

1. Legislator: The 65,438+04 members of the Technical Committee are elected by the World Council, the highest authority of FIA. One of these senior technicians and engineers will draft the rules and submit them to the World Council for approval.

Second, the basic specifications of F 1 racing car:

1. Nose cone: The distance between the front section of the racing car and the center line of the front axle shall not exceed 1200MM, and the width shall be limited to 1400MM.

2. Double pipeline braking system: The braking system is divided into two independent pipelines. When one pipeline fails, the other pipeline can still work.

3. Impact-resistant body: Like ordinary cars, the prototype of each new racing car must undergo a damage test.

4. Safety fuel tank: The fuel tank must be deformable and puncture-proof. This kind of "liner" is made of Kefle reinforced rubber, and the oil outlet pipe of the oil tank must be automatic.

5. Maximum number of cylinders 12: the engine displacement is limited to 3000ml, and the number of cylinders shall not exceed 12. Turbocharging is not allowed, only reciprocating piston engine is allowed. This clause prohibits the use of rotary (i.e. rotary engine) technology.

6. Four wheels: Formula One racing cars must have four wheels, the width of which cannot exceed 360MM, and the car body cannot cover the wheels.

7. Rear fender: The rear suspension shall not exceed 1000MM, the width shall not exceed 500MM and the height shall not exceed 800 mm..

8. Transmission: at least 4 forward gears and at most 7 forward gears. There must be reverse gear.

9. Suspension: Chrome plated suspension cross arms and tie rods are not allowed.

10. Seats and fully equipped seat belts: Six-point seat belts are required by law and must be approved by the FIA.

1 1, the limit of weight loss: Formula One cars stipulate that the minimum weight (including drivers) is 595 kg. There is no length limit, but the maximum values of front suspension and rear suspension are specified. The width shall not exceed1800 mm. The total height of the lowest part of the driver shall not exceed 950 mm

Third, improve the rules: legislators and engineers have been arguing about Formula One racing, and the former often tries to limit the creativity of the latter. The organizer's task is to control the car within a reasonable range. For example, wing brakes (1968), using six wheels (1976) and turbo-propelled racing cars (1978) have all been banned. If this is not the case, it is difficult to ensure safety.

Four, from early to now:

1950s: Equipped with front engine, girder frame, cigar-shaped streamlined body and narrow wheels, the driver sat up straight, and the design of moderns's racing car in Formula One was similar to that before the war.

60' s: Drivers began to wear helmets and fire suits, and sat back. The engine moves backward and adopts a load-bearing body. Formula one racing has entered a period of modernization. For safety reasons, the minimum weight is first raised to 450 kg and then to 500 kg.

70' s: After the radiator in front was moved to both sides, Formula One racing car was more like a tenon. The wings that appeared in the late 1960s were some aircraft wings installed in the opposite direction to generate the pressure to push the car downward.

1980s: The use of the ground effect was restricted, and the skirt structure was also banned in the early 1980s, so as to form a low-pressure area under the automobile. In order to improve the speed of the car, the team turned to other measures, mainly using supercharged engines with power as high as 1200 horsepower.

90' s: 1995 FIA stipulates that only naturally aspirated 3-liter engines can be used.

Appearance 1: engine

In general, the engine speed of the top sports car is 8000 rpm, while that of Formula One car is 16000 rpm. This is very surprising. Why can the engine of Formula One car reach such a high speed? The reason is that the pneumatic valve system technology can ensure that the engine valve will not loosen at high speed. The engine uses high-grade gasoline as fuel and uses a very advanced computer-controlled ignition device. The cooling of oil and water is "air-cooled" by the airflow generated during driving, and there is no radiator or fan.

Aspect 2: tires

The formula of F 1 tire is a composite material of carbon fiber and titanium alloy. This special material has extremely high wear resistance, which can make the tire get super grip in a very short time, and make the racing car enter the best state at a very fast speed, which is incomparable to the civilian tires made of rubber.

The formula of F 1 tire in any two tracks is different, which is mainly determined by the roughness of the track, the temperature of the track and the characteristics of the corner layout. The material of tire skeleton is a composite fabric of nylon and polyester fiber, which makes it able to bear huge pneumatic load.

Aspect 3: Brake system

It is no exaggeration to say that the acceleration performance of F 1 is the best among all cars, and the deceleration performance is also outstanding. F 1 racing car can reduce its speed to 80km/h within 3 seconds when driving at 320km/h, and enter a slow curve within 100m, and the maximum acceleration can reach -5g when slowing down.

High-performance braking ability comes from a perfect braking system. The braking system of F 1 includes brake pedal, hydraulic circuit, caliper, brake pad and brake disc. When the driver steps on the pedal, the hydraulic circuit applies force to the calipers with brake pads, and the calipers close and hold the brake discs in the wheels tightly, thus realizing deceleration. Brake discs and brake pads are made of carbon fiber, which works better in a certain high temperature range and will not deform and melt. But carbon fiber materials also have their limitations. If the temperature is too high, its efficiency will be reduced.

Aspect 4: Steering wheel

In the F 1 competition, the steering wheel is not only used for steering, but also endowed with more functions by high technology, becoming a control center full of buttons, switches and gears. A special F 1 steering wheel is worth $40,000.

Aspect 5: antenna

There are several small antennas in front of the car body of F 1, which are pitot tube, wireless data transmission antenna and radio contact antenna.

Pitot tube is used to detect the air velocity flowing through the car body to monitor the aerodynamic components. Generally, there is a small point under it to detect the temperature around the car. Although wireless data transmission is forbidden on the track, it can be transmitted when the car is in into the pit, and the driver can know the working condition of the car through this antenna.