What are the thoughts of Confucius, Mencius, Xunzi, Laozi, Zhuangzi, Mozi and Han Feizi?

Confucius is the founder of Confucianism and the most influential thinker and educator in the history of China. His ideas include:

Benevolence is the core of Confucius' ideological system. Advocate "benevolent, love others", "don't do to others what you don't want others to do to you", and advocate mediation and harmonious social interpersonal relationships with kindness.

(2) It is a conservative part of Confucius' political thought to maintain the "ceremony" of the Zhou Dynasty and advocate the "order" of nobility and inferiority.

(3) Advocate the rule of virtue and oppose tyranny and arbitrary punishment. Rulers should cherish the strength of the people, win the trust of the people and be self-disciplined.

④ Advocating gradual improvement, thinking that the system is constantly changing in profit and loss, and the history is constantly developing.

⑤ There are educational ideas such as teaching without distinction, combining learning with thinking, honesty and modesty, and diligent review. Confucius' thought later became the orthodox thought of feudal society in China, and Confucian culture became the most important part of traditional culture in China.

Mencius

Developed Confucius' theory, advocated benevolent politics politically, and put forward the idea that "the people are more valuable than the monarch". He advocated "government should win the people", opposed tyranny, and opposed the rulers' "abuse of the people" and "mob". Mencius advocated giving farmers a certain amount of land, not infringing on farmers' working hours, and lenient punishment and thin taxes. Mencius advocated that human nature is good, and thought that human nature is good, and goodness is the innate moral quality of human beings. In the feudal society of China, Mencius' position as a "sage" was second only to that of Confucius, which had a far-reaching influence on the traditional culture of China.

xunzi

He has materialistic thought, thinks that nature has its own laws, and advocates "controlling destiny and using it", that is, mastering the changing law of nature and using it to benefit mankind.

Laozi

At the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, Laozi was the founder of Taoism. He believes that the origin of all things in the world is "Tao", which is an eternal existence without shape and beyond time and space. This is an idealistic thought. Laozi's theory contains simple dialectical thought, which holds that everything in the world and human society are always in constant motion, whether there are difficulties, high and low, noble and low, rigid and soft, indicating that opposing things are mutually transformed and interdependent. Laozi advocated "inaction" in politics and opposed the use of severe punishment, which had a great political influence on later generations.

Zhuangzi

The representative figures of Taoism in the Warring States period inherited and developed Laozi's Taoist theory and idealism philosophy, and believed that the world was the subjective product of "I". Zhuangzi despises wealth and hates the unfair social phenomenon that "whoever steals a hook will be punished and whoever steals a country will be a vassal".

Mozi

Lu people in the early Warring States period. His thoughts represent the interests of ordinary people. Mozi advocated "universal love", "non-aggression" and "Shang Xian". Universal love means loving everyone, regardless of the class differences between "your honor" and "the people". The "non-offensive" anti-war mainly opposed the unjust war at that time, reflecting the desire of small producers to live a stable life. Shang Xian advocates meritocracy and opposes cronyism of princes and nobles.

Han Fei

Han Feizi believes that history is developing forward, and the present will inevitably surpass the ancient times. People should carry out political reform according to actual needs, and don't have to follow ancient traditions. Han Feizi advocated "ruling the country by law", and the object of the rule of law was the broad masses of subjects. Except for the accidents of the monarch, no matter how high or low, they are bound by the law. This thought is of positive significance to the struggle against the aristocratic privilege of slave owners during the Great Reform of the Warring States Period. Han Feizi advocated the establishment of a centralized feudal country with absolute monarchy, which was in line with the trend of social development at that time.