Typical representatives of Gothic architecture and Rococo architecture?

Amiens Cathedral in chartres Cathedral is a masterpiece of French Gothic architecture in its heyday. It is 1.37 meters long and 46 meters wide, with few side wings protruding. At the eastern end, seven chapels are arranged radially. The central hall is15m wide and the vault is 43m high. The arch surface of the middle hall is rectangular, and each room adopts a cross vault, which corresponds to the vault of the side hall. The column is no longer round, and four thin columns are connected to one column to form a bundle column. The thin column is connected with the momentum of the upper coupon rib to enhance the upward momentum. The interior of the church is covered with a stained glass universe, and the walls are almost invisible. The exterior of the church is beautifully carved and magnificent. This church is a symbol of the maturity of Gothic architecture.

The famous churches in the heyday of France are Lance Cathedral and chartres Cathedral, which, together with Amiens Cathedral and Beauvais Cathedral, are called the four Gothic churches in France. Strasbourg Cathedral is also famous, with its minaret as high as 142 meters.

Cologne Cathedral is one of the earliest Gothic churches in Germany, which was built in 1248. It was designed by the French who built Amiens Cathedral. It has the style of Gothic church in the heyday of France, and its music scenes and temples are similar to Amiens Cathedral. Its central hall is 46 meters high, second only to the main church in Beauvais, France. The twin towers in the west are 152 meters high, which is very spectacular.

The most famous Gothic church in Italy is Milan Cathedral, which is one of the largest churches in medieval Europe. Construction of 14 began in 1980s, and it was not completed until the beginning of 19. The interior of the church is separated by four rows of huge columns with a width of 49 meters. The middle hall is about 45 meters high, and the intersection of the horizontal wing and the middle hall is more than 65 meters high, with an octagonal lighting pavilion above it. The middle hall is rarely higher than the side hall, and the side high window is very small. The interior is dark, and the exterior of the building is dazzling white marble. The tall flower windows, the upright buttresses and the minaret of 135 all show upward momentum, and the statue at the top of the tower seems to be about to soar. The front of the west is an Italian gable, which is decorated with many Gothic spires. But its doors and windows have the style of the late Renaissance.

rococo

Representative works of Rococo-style decoration include the Prince Salon of Eric Shanto (1722, designed by Jean Aubert), the Salon of Soubise Hotel (1732, designed by germain Bofran) and the Worry-Free Palace in Potsdam. The representative works of this architectural style include the Princess Salon in Supes Mansion in Paris and the Queen's Room in Versailles Palace.

Palaces: Fontainebleau Palace, Louvre Palace, Durer Palace and Versailles Palace.

Classical church: the new church in enwalid,

Rococo interior design: the living room of Paris Supes building

City Square: Vendome Square (classicism), Nancy Square, Harmony Square (Rococo)

Fontainebleau Palace is one of the largest palaces in France. Located in Fontainebleau, Seine-Marne province, ile-de-france, northern France, with the specific coordinates of 48 24' 7.50 "N241'57.40" E, it has been the hunting palace of the French king since12nd century. Fontainebleau evolved from Fontainebleau, whose original meaning in French is "beautiful spring water". Fontainebleau is a famous tourist attraction with beautiful scenery, lush trees and numerous historical sites. The most beautiful is Francois I's gallery. There are many allegorical paintings, fruit ornaments, garlands and ribbons in the room, as well as rich gypsum ornaments and sculptures. It is a model of French Renaissance art with Italian style. Among western museums, Fontainebleau Palace is the best place to collect and exhibit the treasures of Yuanmingyuan, and the China Pavilion in the palace can be said to be the reappearance of Yuanmingyuan in the west. The reconstruction and expansion of this16th century palace did not stop until the19th century, and the architectural styles of various periods left traces here. Many famous architects and artists participated in the construction of this French palace.

The Louvre is one of the oldest, largest and most famous museums in the world. Located in the north bank (right bank) of the Seine River in the center of Paris, France, it was built in 1204. After more than 800 years of expansion and reconstruction, it has reached today's scale. The Louvre covers an area of about 45 hectares (including lawns) with a building area of 4.8 hectares. The total length is 680 meters. Its overall building is U-shaped and divided into two parts: the old one was built in the period of Louis XIV and the new one was built in the period of Napoleon. The pyramid-shaped glass entrance in front of the palace was designed by China architect I.M. Pei. At the same time, the Louvre is also the oldest palace in French history.

The collection includes the statue of Venus, the Mona Lisa oil painting and the stone carving of the goddess of victory, as well as a large number of antiques from Greece, Rome, Egypt and the East, as well as ancient relics from France and Italy. The exhibition area is 55,000 square meters and the collection is 25,000 pieces.

The Louvre was built in the13rd century. It was the castle of the French royal family at that time and was used as the treasury and archives. However, in 1546, the architect Pierre Lesco rebuilt the Louvre under the entrustment of the king, giving the palace a Renaissance style. After that, it experienced many expansions authorized by the royal family. After the turmoil of the French Revolution, the overall construction of the Louvre was completed when it arrived in Charles Louis Napolé on Bonaparte.

After the "Good King Charlie" built an important library and became famous, Francois I in the16th century began to collect various works of art on a large scale. By the time of Louis XIII and Louis XIV, the Louvre had a very rich collection. By the eve of Louis XIV's death, the Louvre had become a place where paintings and sculptures were often exhibited.

On August 1793 and 10, the Louvre Art Museum officially opened to the public and became a museum. Since then, the collection here has been increasing, not to mention the artistic tribute that Napoleon requisitioned from those conquered countries. In short, there are 400,000 artworks recorded in the collection catalogue of the museum, which are divided into many categories, from the artworks of ancient Egypt, Greece, Etruscan and Rome to the artworks of eastern countries; There are sculptures from the Middle Ages to modern times; There are also an amazing number of royal treasures and paintings. So far, the Louvre has become a world-famous art hall.

Several halls in Versailles are rococo-style.

Also known as the new church for disabled soldiers, it was built in the sanatorium for disabled soldiers in the center of Paris in recognition of "those who shed blood for the monarch". Architect A Monsat abandoned the tradition of imitating Roman Jesuits and Gothic churches and adopted a square Greek cross plane with four circular prayer rooms at the four corners.

At the top of the building, a powerful dome is supported by a powerful drum stand, which constitutes a concentrated monument. The dome is105m high and is the vertical composition center of the church. The dome consists of three layers of shells, and the lighting pavilion used in the Renaissance is added at the top. On the surface of the dome, 12 ribs are embossed with gold-plated aluminum trophies, which shine against the green background. It also pointed out the architectural theme: not only a religious building, but also to show off the brilliant achievements of Louis XIV.

Kawara Tsutomu's interior is bright, with little decoration and no external decoration. The column combination is rigorous in logic, clear in context, solemn and elegant, without religious mystery and persistence.

brief introduction

Nancy is a city in the northeast of France. At the intersection of the Mose River and the Mann-Rhine Canal. The economic and cultural center of Lorraine region. The population is 96,000, including 278,000 in the suburbs (1982). Transportation hub. There are iron, rock salt, coal and other resources nearby. Metallurgy and metalworking industry center. There are steel, machinery, chemistry, precision instruments, tobacco, crystal glass and other industries. There are universities (built at the end of14th century), museums and libraries. Monument over18th century.

[Edit this paragraph] Overview

Nancy is located in the center of France's Lorraine region, which is the capital of France's Lorraine region and the capital of Mert-Moselle province. It is 350 kilometers away from Paris and 0/50 kilometers away from Strasbourg/Kloc, the seat of the European Parliament, with about 350,000 urban residents. It is the second largest city in eastern France after Hurst. Nancy is a famous historical and cultural city and one of the European financial centers. It has a long history and modern civilization. The city has become a cultural center, with local operas, national theater ballet, national drama center, symphony orchestra, national music school, museums, cinemas and so on. Nanxi has about10.8 million enterprises and10.6 million employees. With its numerous industrial enterprises and active business atmosphere, it provides a large number of employment opportunities for residents in Lorraine Province. Nancy is also an important education center and the largest university town in northeast France. There are three public universities (Nancy I, Nancy II and National Institute of Technology) located in this city, with hundreds of laboratories and more than 3 researchers, which have accepted and trained more than 4.5 college students. Nancy has beautiful natural scenery. People can walk, ride bicycles and ski in Vosges (an hour's drive from Nancy). There are few high-rise buildings in downtown Nancy, but there are only a few railway stations. Therefore, the sky in the city is particularly open, and hills and forests in the distance can be seen at almost any intersection. The depressing skyscrapers are out of touch with the sky here. The streets are not wide, and most of them are only for two cars. Like Paris, the traffic lights in the city center are very dense, which is a good way to limit traffic. Unique buildings, buildings decorated with patterns and statues can be seen everywhere, and the host family also likes to engrave the building age of the house. It is definitely an honor to be an ancient here. Many streets and lanes are paved with stones, and vehicles are forbidden to enter. Walking in the rain, you can often hear the sound of high heels knocking on stones. On the street, not far away, you can always meet Gothic or Balotec churches; And in every corner of the city, you can see the bell tower of a church towering into the sky.

Nancy has a long history and rich culture. Stanislas Square, located in the center of Nancy, was built by stanislas, Duke of Roland, father-in-law of French King Louis XV, from 176 1 to 1769. In the19th century, it was named after the builder and replaced the statue of Louis XV with its statue. It combines the architectural styles of medieval cities and Renaissance cities, and is a masterpiece of the combination of Royal Plaza and national mall. The Arc de Triomphe, which was rebuilt from the ruins of the city wall at the exit of the square, is the connection point between the old and the new cities. The complex was listed on the World Heritage List by UNESCO in 1983. Nancy was also the birthplace of "Art Nouveau" in Europe in the early 20th century. Now various cultural festivals are organized here every year. Nancy is famous for its museums, multimedia libraries and national music protection center.

Nancy has developed modern industries, such as robot industry, electronics industry, artificial intelligence, machinery industry, automobile industry, paper-making, textile, metallurgy and printing industry. There are three universities in this city, including thousands of researchers, hundreds of laboratories and 45,000 students.

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