Construction technology and steps of wood veneer

7- 14 construction technology standard for long parquet hardwood floors (7 14- 1996)

1 range

This technical standard is applicable to the construction of long parquet hardwood floors in general civil buildings or high-grade buildings with decorative requirements.

2 Construction preparation

2. 1 Materials and main machines:

2. 1. 1 Korean pine, spruce or wear-resistant, non-perishable and cracked wood should be used for the longwood floor. The width of each board shall not exceed 120mm, and the thickness shall meet the design requirements. The side should be tenon and groove, and the top surface should be planed flat. The variety of wood used in the surface layer of parquet floor should be selected according to the design. If there is no requirement in the design, wood with good quality and not easy to decay and crack should be used and made into tongue-and-groove, saw-cut or flat seam (Figure 7-5).

The length, width and thickness of parquet floor should meet the design requirements. Slabs and parquet should have commodity inspection certificates.

2. 1.2 The gross floor under the double deck, the wooden joists and skids under the board surface shall be treated with anti-corrosion, and their specifications and dimensions shall meet the design requirements.

2. 1.3 hardwood skirting board: the width and thickness shall be processed according to the design requirements, and its moisture content shall not exceed 12%. The back should be fully coated with preservatives, and the pattern and color should be the same as that of the surface floor.

2. 1.4 Other materials: wooden wedge, moisture-proof paper, sodium fluoride or other anticorrosive materials, 8 ~ 10 galvanized iron wire, 5 ~ 10 cm nail, iron nail, galvanized wood screw, 1mm thick steel pad, sound insulation material, etc.

2. 1.5 main machines and tools: axe, hammer, punch, chisel, screwdriver, square ruler, steel ruler, angle cutter, Mo Dou, small chainsaw, small planer, pistol drill, floor planer, floor grinder, hand saw, hand planer, single-line planer, grindstone, etc.

2.2 Operating conditions:

2.2. 1 After plastering the wall and roof, the horizontal elevation line of +50cm has been played after the door frame is installed.

2.2.2 Roof waterproofing and floor-crossing pipelines have been completed, and the pipe holes have been sealed tightly. The buried electric tube has been completed.

2.2.3 Water testing and pressure testing of heating and sanitary pipes have been completed and have passed the acceptance.

2.2.4 Play a horizontal line around the top of the skirting board in the room, and have embedded wooden bricks for fixing the skirting board (anti-corrosion treatment must be done).

2.2.5 All wood that comes into contact with concrete or brick wall matrix, such as wooden joists, back of skirting board, bottom of floor, supports, wooden wedges, wooden bricks, etc. , should be fully coated with wood anticorrosive materials in advance.

2.2.6 When the wooden floor is laid empty, the ridge wall should be built according to the design requirements, and two ventilation holes 120mm× 120mm should be left on each wall, and wires should be embedded, and the top of the wall should be coated with a layer of waterproof mortar.

2.2.7 When the three-dimensional paving method is adopted for the wooden floor, the iron wire should be embedded in the cushion layer in advance.

3 operation process

Flat (also known as ordinary wood flooring) and parquet flooring can be divided into "solid paving" and "empty paving" according to different construction methods. The "empty shop" consists of joists, tongue-and-groove plates and scissors, and is generally located in the room on the first floor. When the joist span is large, a ridge wall should be added in the middle of the room, and the top of the ridge wall should be paved with linoleum or waterproof mortar and placed with kerbs, as shown in Figure 7-6.

Solid wood floor is a wooden joist laid on a reinforced concrete slab or cushion, which consists of wooden joists and tongue-and-groove plates, as shown in Figure 7-7.

3. 1 process flow:

Installation of wooden joists:

3. 1. 1. 1 empty paving method: put long side timbers on the brick foundation wall and roof ridge wall (see figure 7-6), tie them with embedded iron wires, draw the center line of each joist on the surface of the side timbers, then align the joists with the center line, with both ends about 30mm away from the wall, and arrange the middle joists in turn. And nail it to the side wood. In order to prevent the joists from moving, wooden supports should be temporarily nailed on the surface of the fixed wooden joists, so that they can pull each other. After the joist is straightened, the line should be played on the joist according to the spacing of the lacing bars, and then the lacing bars should be nailed on the side of the joist according to the line. Scissors on the same straight line should be aligned along the straight line, and the top of joists should be flush.

3. 1. 1.2 Three-dimensional paving method: The floor and wood floor are usually paved by three-dimensional paving method. First, pop up the installation position line (about 400mm spacing) and elevation of each wooden joist on the floor, level and stabilize the joist (trapezoidal in cross section and wide below), find the elevation, and pull out and tie the wires embedded in the floor.

3. 1.2 Nailed wood floor:

3. 1.2. 1 plate nail: The method of nailing the empty lath is to nail the tongue-and-groove lath from one side of the wall after the nail cutting is completed. A board against the wall should have a gap of 10 ~ 20 mm from the wall, then tighten one by one, and then nail it obliquely from the concave corner of the board edge. The length of the nail is 2 ~ 2 of the plate thickness. Generally, a nail is nailed to the wooden joist, and a pair of hardwood wedges are sandwiched between the nail and the board, so that the board can be arranged very tightly. Tightening the hardwood wedge can make the boards closely arranged. When nailing to the last tongue-and-groove plate, because it is impossible to skew the nail, you can nail it firmly with a nail opener, and the nail cap should be smashed flat and rushed into the plate. The joint of tongue-and-groove plate should be in the middle of joist, the joint should be staggered and the plates should be arranged closely. The wooden brace temporarily fixed on the joist should be removed at any time with the installation of the tongue-and-groove plate, and cleaned up in time after nailing. First, make a rough plane in the direction perpendicular to the grain, and then make a fine plane in the direction along the grain.

The nail laying method of the actual planking strip is the same as above.

3. 1.2.2 parquet nail: generally, the lower layer of hardwood floors uses pure leftover nails, and the width should not be greater than 120mm. Nails should be laid between the rough floor and joist along the direction of 45 or 30, and the gap between boards should not be greater than 3mm, and 10 ~ should be left between the rough floor and the wall. Before the nail parquet floor is laid, it is advisable to lay a layer of asphalt paper (or linoleum) for sound insulation and moisture prevention (Figure 7-8).

Before nailing the hardwood parquet floor, according to the floor pattern required by the design, the ink line of the pattern should generally pop up in the center of the room, and then nail it from the center to the four sides according to the ink line. For patterns with edges, nail the edges first, and then spread nails from the center to the four sides. Every board should be arranged closely. For the hardwood floor assembled with tenon and groove, nail the rough floor obliquely from the side of the board, and the nail head shall not be exposed: the nail length is 2 ~ 2.5 times of the board thickness. When the length of the board is less than 30cm, two nails should be nailed to the side; when the length is greater than 30cm, three nails should be nailed to both ends of the board. The gap between plates should not be greater than 0.3mm, and the gap between surface and wall should be sealed with wooden skirting board. After nailing, clean and plane. Don't eat the plane too deeply to prevent knife marks on the board.

3. 1.2.3 Bonding of parquet floor: When paving the parquet floor with asphalt binder, the next layer should be smooth, clean and dry, and a similar primer should be painted once, and then paved with asphalt binder with a proper thickness of 2mm. When paving, a thin and uniform layer of asphalt binder should also be coated on the back of the board.

When using adhesive to lay parquet floor surface, the adhesive should be determined by experiments. Adhesives should be stored in a cool, ventilated and dry room. Products with a production period of more than three months should be sampled and inspected before they can be used. Do not use products that exceed the shelf life.

3. 1.3 Fine planing and polishing of clean surface: floor planer (or hexagonal planer) should be used, and the rotation speed should be above 5000r/min. The strip floor should be planed along the wood grain, and the parquet floor should be planed at a 45 angle with the wood grain of the floor. When planing, you should not walk too fast, and the plane should not be too big. You should walk more often. When the floor machine is not in use, you should first lift the machine and turn it off to prevent it from biting the ground. Where the machine can't plane, plane by hand and clean the surface with a fine plane. After the floor is planed, it should be polished with a floor grinder. The emery cloth used should be coarse before fine. Abrasive cloth should be stretched flat, and the grinding direction and angle should be consistent with the planing direction.

For the painting and waxing of wooden floor, please refer to the Painting Process Standard for Wooden Floor in Decoration Engineering.

3. 1.4 Installation of wooden skirting board: The wooden skirting board shall be planed in advance, with a groove on the side against the wall and a ventilation hole with a diameter of 6mm drilled every1m.. Every 75cm on the wall, build by laying bricks or stones a layer of anti-corrosion wooden brick, nail the anti-corrosion wooden block on the outside of the anti-corrosion wooden brick, and then nail the skirting board on the anti-corrosion wooden block with a nail opener. The nail cap should be smashed into the board, the skirting board surface should be vertical, and the top of the skirting board should be presented. The intersection of the Yin and Yang angles of the wooden skirting board shall be cut into a 45 angle before assembly, and the joints of the skirting board shall be fixed on the anticorrosive wood block (Figure 7-9).

4 quality standards

4. 1 guarantee project:

4. 1. 1 When laying, the wood material and moisture content must comply with the relevant provisions of Code for Construction and Acceptance of Timber Structures (GBJ206-83).

4. 1.2 The wooden joists, rough floors and stow-wood must be treated with anti-corrosion, and the wooden joists must be installed firmly and straight. When laying wooden joists on concrete base, the spacing and stabilizing method must meet the design requirements.

4. 1.3 All kinds of wooden surface layers must be nailed firmly without looseness, and the glue used for pasting must meet the design requirements.

4.2 Basic items:

4.2. 1 The surface layers of wooden boards and parquet should be planed and polished, without gouging marks, stubbles and burrs, with clear and beautiful patterns and even oil-free surface layers.

4.2.2 The surface joints of strip boards are tight, staggered, clean and flat-fell seam is straight and square.

The stitching of the parquet board is tight, the nails are firm, the surface is clean, the glue does not overflow, the plates are arranged reasonably and beautifully, and the width of the surrounding edges is even.

4.2.3 The laying quality of the baseboard shall be strict, the surface shall be smooth, the height and wall thickness shall be consistent, the joint layout shall be reasonable and beautiful, the catchy line shall be straight, and the cutting angle shall be accurate.

4.2.4 The floor shall be ironed with hard wax and rubbed with soft wax, and the wax shall be evenly distributed without showing the bottom, smooth and bright, with uniform color, uniform thickness, clear wood grain and clean surface.

4.3 See Table 7- 16 for allowable deviation items.

Table 7- 16 Allowable deviation and inspection method of wooden floor surface

Project order

project

Allowable deviation (mm)

test method

Songmuchang

Strip plate

Hardwood length

Strip paperboard

parquet flooring

board

1

Surface flatness

2

1

1

Check with 2m guiding rule and wedge feeler.

2

The top of the baseboard is straight.

three

three

three

Pull 5m wire, if it is less than 5m, pull the wire to check the ruler.

three

Flat seam

2

1

1

Pull 5m wire, if it is less than 5m, pull the wire to check the ruler.

four

Classification spacing

2

0.3