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Folk customs are characterized by regionality. As the saying goes, ten miles of different winds, a hundred miles of different customs, the regional differences in customs are the main indicators of the division of cultural regions, but also constitute a region of intuition and characteristics of culture. Ban Gu in the "Han Shu - Geography" said: "Where the people letter five common nature, and its rigidity and flexibility, sound different, the system of water and soil of the wind and gas." This statement points out the close relationship between customs and geography.

Customs include a more complex content, the local customs and habits, marriage and funeral rituals, superstitions and obscene rituals, folk songs and proverbs are included. In general, the connotation of custom includes two aspects: one is the regional cultural character, that is, human personality, temperament, will, language and social consciousness, social concepts, behavior, habits; the second is the formation, development and change of customs by the natural environment, social environment constraints and impact. Among them, the geographical difference of natural and social environment makes customs have distinctive regionality. Customs are a cultural form produced by the internal molding of the geographical environment and the external creation of the social environment*** under the same action. Guanzhong is one of the earliest regions in China where civilization originated. Here is a long history, there is a deep cultural deposits, customs and culture is even more gorgeous and distinct.

Guanzhong is called "800 miles of Qinchuan", south of the Qinling Mountains, north to the Loess Plateau, east to Tongguan, west to Baoji, was east-west extension of the rectangle, the east and west sides of Shanxi, Henan, Gansu and other provinces, respectively, north and south and southern Shaanxi mountainous landscape area and northern Shaanxi Loess Plateau landscape area neighboring the Shaanxi economic and cultural essence of the region. where.

The most representative of the customs in Guanzhong is the so-called "Guanzhong Ten Strange", namely: "the house half cover, the girl is not external, noodles like pants, buns like a pot cover, oil splash chili children together with the Lei, buns sold in large bowls, papa head with, singing opera roar up, bench does not sit up squatting, rain and snow! The proverb is a good example of a folk proverb that is based on the concepts of clothing and food. This proverb summarizes the customs of Guanzhong from the aspects of clothing, food, housing and transportation. The following is an example of the proverb "ten strange things in Guanzhong", which reveals the relationship between Guanzhong customs and culture and the geographical and social environment of Guanzhong.

The architectural landscape of Guanzhong includes buildings and kilns. In the western Guanzhong region, the traditional form of rural housing construction is the mansion, that is, the Ten Greatest Monsters of Guanzhong, the "house half covered", which is exactly half of the two-sided herringbone-shaped house from the side view. Generally, the back wall of the house is 5-6 meters high, the eaves wall is 3 meters high, there is no window on the back wall, when it rains, the rain flows towards the middle of the yard. Guanzhong folk houses are the choice of the common people in the process of long-term adaptation to the geographical environment. The main reason is that this kind of house saves wood, do not want big beams, big pillars, small area also save labor. Coupled with the wall with "Huji" (rammed into the adobe), easy to take. This is not high with the Guanzhong area of forest cover, the lack of timber, as well as soil for the loess, easy to take the material billet are related. At the same time, affected by the monsoon climate, Guanzhong region in the winter northwesterly winds, the building is usually facing south or east, so that facing the northwest without windows on the back wall can withstand the cold winds, play a role in the cold, while facing east or south side of the windows and doors, can maximize the sunshine, warmth and light advantages. In some places in the northern part of Guanzhong, people live in kilns, because these places have thick loess cover and the loess is very upright, which makes it easy to build kilns. In addition, the rainfall in these areas is small, and the Loess Plateau region and the lack of tall trees, thus making kilns is a good choice.

"Guanzhong ten strange" there are four with the diet, such as "noodles like pants, buns like a pot cover, oil splash chili a dish, steamed buns sold in a big bowl," the eating habits and Guanzhong region's agriculture is closely related. Guanzhong is located in the warm temperate zone of semi-humid areas affected by the monsoon climate, rainfall is concentrated in June and September, which is conducive to the winter wheat planting moisture retention. At the same time, Guanzhong is the downstream alluvial plain of the Wei River, a tributary of the Yellow River, which is fertile and convenient for irrigation, making it a major area for agricultural development. Comparatively speaking, it has insufficient precipitation and is suitable for the development of monoculture agriculture. Due to the natural conditions, crop cultivation in Guanzhong is dominated by corn, millet and wheat. Pasta is the main food of the people in Guanzhong. Due to the thick and loose soil in Guanzhong, the roots of wheat are usually y rooted. Wheat contains a large amount of starch, flour made of pasta toughness, very "sinewy", not easy to break. At the same time, due to the traditional farming methods of physical exertion, and therefore in the dietary customs to "full" for the main purpose, so the Guanzhong region's pasta to the amount of large as the characteristics: such as noodles pulled wide and long, like the waistband of the pants, helmet branded thick and large, as the lid of the pot in general. Buns are served in large bowls, which is also an adaptation of the Guanzhong people to the farming life. Food in Guanzhong is relatively simple. Daily meals are mostly based on pasta, with fewer types of vegetables, but with pickles, chili peppers, and slurry to accompany the food. "Oil splash chili a dish" is a reflection of this eating habit. In general, the Guanzhong region's diet is simple in both production and raw materials, which is related to the monotony of local products.

Guanzhong is a traditional cotton production area, and most of the residents use cotton cloth (coarse cloth) as the main clothing material, which is convenient for farming and labor. There are also some special dress habits, such as in the rural areas of Guanzhong, you can still see some elderly women will be handkerchiefs on the head, that is, "Papa head wear". This kind of clothing habits and Guanzhong region's climatic conditions are compatible. Guanzhong area has low forest coverage, serious damage to vegetation, whenever the wind, it will be dusty, and this "Papa" can be used to resist the wind, sand and dust pollution, to keep clean, but also practical, windproof, dustproof, rainproof, sunscreen, wiping sweats, clean hands and temporarily used to wrap things and other functions as a whole.

The generation of opera folk songs and the environment also has a relationship, soil and water not only nourishes the living soul, infiltrated with blood, but also shaping the regional character and popular art. The geographical environment has created people, people with their own character, created and environmentally coordinated discretionary culture, culture and further strengthen the environmental atmosphere. Guanzhong is flat and brown. The Wei River between the earth, the horizon in the sky, the Qinqiang here must be a generous and impassioned law. Qinqiang produced in Shaanxi, Shanxi, Gansu bow belt of the northwest loess plateau area, arid and little rain, desert desolate, sandstorms, a pale, people's character here is simple and deep, folk music is also in the long and deep with a few points of bleak; the face of the loess high slopes, the Mangyuan mountains, people doubly depressing, life more than the feeling of suffering, more than the confrontation between people and the environment than harmony. Therefore, Qinqiang is mournful, with wailing as the main theme, and has the style of the plateau. "Qinqiang roar up" is a very good image of the characteristics of the Qinqiang.

Festivals are more or less the same in northern China, but they still have their different characteristics in different places, such as Guanzhong? Look busy". That is, a festival custom formed when family and friends help each other during the summer harvest of wheat. This is due to the fact that as a traditional farming area, a large amount of labor is needed whenever harvesting and sowing, and relatives and friends help each other, which has formed a custom over time. Guanzhong agricultural traditions also permeate the daily customs, and other places are popular to send pastry different, every wedding, funeral, festivals and celebrations, Guanzhong region popular production of a variety of flower buns, chic, realistic shape. Or tea display, or gift to friends and relatives, both edible, but also a unique local characteristics of the artwork. For example, when you get married to eat flower buns, which are wrapped with chaff, sugar, money, etc., eat to the package chaff that can be thrifty, hard-working; eat to the package of sugar that life is sweet, eat to the money that money, such as rolling wealth. To do the funeral to steam "big bun", to sweep the ghosts and gods. Chongyang Festival uncle to send nephews wheat flour made of "cake", praying for the healthy growth of children. Lantern Festival to send made into a mouse-shaped "noodle cocoon" to the children "to see the lights". This is also related to the Guanzhong region is a wheat-producing area, to the noodle-based food is not unrelated. Guanzhong is a traditional intensive farming area, "rain, snow and worship". It means that whenever it rains and snows, people can't go out to work, so they can rest just as people who work can rest on Sundays.

The "dragon worship" in Guanzhong culture is a kind of totem worship produced by ancient mankind in the knowledge of the natural environment. Ancient clan society period, primitive mankind more than the use of natural caves as a place to live. China's northwestern region is a temperate inland plateau climate, also suitable for human caves. Therefore, people and reptiles snakes frequent contact. Thus, snakes have become many clans in the northwest of the totem worship deity. Such as the "Classic of Mountains and Seas" contained in the northwest region of the ancient gods and men, most of them are "human-headed snake body". These snake totem-based ancient peoples, continue to win, integration of other animals as totems of the clan, and on the basis of the snake totem, "accepted the four legs of the beasts, the hair of the horse, the tail of the iguana, the feet of the deer, the dog's claws, the scales and whiskers of the fish", and gradually evolved into the "dragon! "The dragon is a symbol of the culture of the Northwest region. The dragon is a symbol of the culture of the northwestern region.

The Guanzhong region also has Taibai Mountain worship. In Guanzhong many famous mountains, Mount Taibai is considered to be "can rise clouds to rain, rest floods and eliminate disasters" and worship. Guanzhong belongs to the warm temperate zone semi-humid region, there is precipitation variability, drought and flood characteristics. Spring drought and spring-summer drought is more serious (spring rain is as expensive as oil), and traditional agriculture is very dependent on water. When large-scale drought occurs, sacrifices to the god of Taibai Mountain are very solemn, and prayers for rain are held in the Taibai Temple. This is due to the fact that the top of Mount Taibai accumulates snow all year round, and people think it is a god. Due to the terrain, it is easy to form rain-cum-cum-clouds here, which is a harbinger of rainfall, and the Taibai mountainous area is the area of Guanzhong that receives the most precipitation. The Guanzhong Basin is wide in the east and narrow in the west, and the east is low in the west, and the hot and humid airflow and the cold air going down to the east meet firstly in the western part of Guanzhong in the valley of the Weihe River, which creates the more chances for precipitation. Taibai Mountain is located in the west of Guanzhong Plain, the terrain is high, is an important barrier to block the southeast monsoon, but also a frequent exchange of cold and warm air currents in the zone, the mountainous areas of low temperatures, air humidity, often in a saturated state, so the slightest air shock will produce precipitation. When the people pray for rain, the number of people is large, and the drums and music are loud and clear, causing large-scale air shock, producing widespread precipitation, people believe that the mountain gods show their spirit, forming the belief in Mount Taibai.

Regional cultural character, that is, the vast majority of people living in a certain cultural region *** with the same tendency, stable psychological characteristics. Regional cultural character is the general, stable psychological trend and value orientation of people in a particular region. Since ancient times, the Guanzhong Plain, with its fertile land and rich produce, and the Qinling Mountains, the Yellow River and other mountain and river barriers, has been an area of great political, military and economic significance, and has been known as the "hub of the land and sea" and the "richness of the heavenly capital". The well-developed agricultural economy gave it the conditions for self-development, non-dependence on the outside world and the formation of an independent and closed mode of development, which also fostered the conservative and closed nature of the people of Qinzhong. Due to the good conditions of survival in Guanzhong, the economic foundation was better than that of the neighboring areas. Therefore, very few people in order to survive and travel to other places, the local very early "old not out of Guan (Tongguan), young not down Chuan (Sichuan)" proverb. Over time, not only the men did not go out and travel far, even the girls did not marry far away. The "girl does not go out" is derived from this idea.

Subject to the influence of climate and natural environment, the Guanzhong area in the Yellow River basin has been dominated by the dry farming economy since ancient times. Farming as the basis, water for life, water irrigation is the lifeblood of agriculture, and the construction of water conservancy facilities, flood management, are not a single small farming family can handle, and therefore *** with the survival of the interests of the struggle for water, so that the people in Guanzhong has a strong cohesion, so that the people to establish lifting personnel, "practical rationality" attitude. At the same time, Guanzhong is a traditional farming area, the traditional intensive farming is a thousand years of unchanged way of life, people say "planting is like repairing a flower bed". Under the influence of this way of life, Guanzhong people believe in "one harvest for one plowing", forming a people's nature of no mystical thinking, hardworking and pragmatic. They have long been mainly engaged in planting, and are in a relatively stable natural environment, so their character is delicate, steady and patient. These are the psychological states caused by the agricultural society.

Any local custom is a product of the stage of social and historical development in a certain region, and has deep social, historical and geographical roots. Especially in the primitive stage of human production activities, the emergence of customs has an obvious and direct dependence on the natural environmental conditions, and the culture of customs has been y imprinted with all the efforts made by people to adapt to the special environment of the region. Especially, the material folklore, such as dwelling, food, dress and custom, are the most recognizable in the cultural landscape, which can best reflect the relationship between folklore and the environment. This is also true for the folklore of Guanzhong, which is a cultural landscape inherited from the practice and experience of Guanzhong people in their struggle and adaptation to the natural environment, and is a mirror reflecting the relationship between humanities and nature in Guanzhong. At the same time, custom culture is an important factor that restricts the mode of thinking and behavior of people in a region. By exploring the customs of Guanzhong, we can have a deeper understanding of the regional culture of Guanzhong, the folklore of Guanzhong, and the interaction between the natural area and the administrative area as well as the cultural area, which is of strong theoretical and practical significance.