Classical Chinese project establishment

1. Small topic research. A set of practical teaching methods that can stimulate students' interest in reading classical Chinese is explored: 1. Learning methods to stimulate interest, 2. Trust stimulates interest, 3. Introduce and stimulate interest, 4. Writing on the blackboard stimulates interest. Scenes stimulate interest, 6. Aesthetic arouses interest, 7. Make the past serve the present to stimulate interest.

First, the main background of the study.

With the innovation of social culture and the passage of time, the corresponding cultural background, historical conditions and social forms in classical Chinese are far from the living environment of students, and there are also gaps between the expression, expression, vocabulary and grammar of classical Chinese and the real language communication of students. In addition, the subtle meanings hidden in ancient poems increase the difficulty of students' cognitive understanding, so students have certain rejection, alienation and exclusion psychology when learning classical Chinese.

Secondly, there are two misunderstandings in classical Chinese teaching. One is word-for-word decomposition, which teaches classical Chinese as a foreign language, just like learning ancient Chinese anthology. Another is to take an article and start to sum up ideas and analyze the image before you understand it. Classical Chinese reading should be able to read something smoothly and let students feel it themselves. Whether reading classical Chinese or vernacular Chinese, when appreciating literary images, the reason is the same in terms of improving Chinese ability. You can't treat classical Chinese as a foreign language. Classical Chinese, after all, is Chinese in different times. In addition, we can't read classical Chinese as vernacular Chinese, because it has language barriers after all. Therefore, in the teaching of classical Chinese, we should grasp something very related to the theme and use it to do some key anatomy. Especially when reading poetry, we must express our image in language. Without the image from language, others can't catch it.

Moreover, in junior high school, students are only exposed to dozens of classical Chinese texts in textbooks, and the content is relatively short and the learning requirements are relatively low. Most junior high school teachers neglected to summarize and sort out the phenomena and laws of ancient Chinese language. This also leads to students' fear of classical Chinese, and the content and language form of classical Chinese are no longer as simple as junior high school.

In view of this, how to stimulate students' interest in reading classical Chinese has become an urgent task in classical Chinese teaching.

Second, the summary of the subject content

Concept definition

What is ancient Chinese? As the name implies, it is the language of ancient Han people. Ancient Chinese can be divided into spoken language and written language.

What is classical Chinese? Classical Chinese refers to the written language of ancient Chinese based on the spoken language in the pre-Qin period, which has been refined after many times, and the language that later writers imitate their works, such as a hundred schools of thought contend, historical records, eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties, Tongcheng School and so on. , are examples of the practical use of ancient Chinese. In short, classical Chinese is an article written in classical Chinese. Generally, the May 4th period is defined as the dividing line between ancient Chinese and modern Chinese.

What is interest? Interest is a special cognitive tendency to things. This is a psychological activity. When it develops into a hobby, it becomes a long-term and relatively stable behavior tendency, which affects people's ability. Interest and hobby are the source of enthusiasm, the need to know and explore something, and the driving force to promote people to know something and explore its development law. It is the most active factor in people's study and work. With an interest in something, you can have great enthusiasm in your behavior.

Through the research of this topic, we will explore a new and effective teaching mode of classical Chinese, so that students can show strong interest and subjective tendency in the process of actively participating in the study of classical Chinese, and then promote the "recognition", "interpretation" and "analysis" of the language, so that students can truly understand the simple classical Chinese and understand its essence, which is beneficial to writing and life.

(2) Theoretical basis

1. Psychology points out that interest is an important psychological factor to promote people's knowledge-seeking activities and learning, which can make people concentrate and actively engage in certain activities. Any activity that suits one's interests is easy to improve one's enthusiasm.

2. Psychological research shows that in the process of language learning, when students focus on the language itself (knowledge and rules), the degree of anxiety is higher, while when they focus on the content expressed in the language, the degree of anxiety is obviously reduced and it is easier to learn.

3. Subjective education theory holds that students are not only the object of education, but also the subject of learning, understanding and development. The influence of education is everything in the external object, and only through students' subjective activities can it be internalized into the quality of the subject. The classroom teaching method that embodies students' subjectivity is a multilateral activity in which teachers and students participate and communicate with each other. Teachers are organizers of teaching activities, students are independent participants in self-development and active explorers and creators. The relationship between teachers and students is democratic, equal and cooperative. This kind of teaching can make students gradually move from "others' learning" under the guidance of teachers to "autonomous learning" based on self-study, and finally achieve the goal of learning to learn and create.

4. Principle of cooperation: In research, it is necessary to change the phenomenon of mutual isolation among teachers, students, families and schools, and emphasize mutual cooperation and promotion.

5. The new curriculum standard points out: "The purpose of moderately strengthening the study of classical Chinese is to encourage students to deepen their understanding of the excellent traditional culture of the Chinese nation, enrich their cultural heritage and enhance their cultural taste."

2. What are the research plans for teaching and research activities with the theme of classical Chinese? 1. Background of the topic. Throughout the 5,000-year history of Chinese civilization, our ancestors left us a long history and profound Chinese culture. China's classic traditional culture, with its extensive knowledge, rich tolerance and rich connotation, is beyond the reach of any nation. It is not only the model and essence of China's language and literature. Moreover, it contains the spirit and character of the Chinese nation. It is a deep soil for the germination of national spirit, which plays a huge and indispensable role in the cultivation and formation of national spirit. The report of the 16th National Congress of the Communist Party of China pointed out: "Facing the mutual agitation of various ideologies and cultures around the world, we must take carrying forward and cultivating the national spirit as an extremely important task of cultural construction and bring it into the whole process of national education and spiritual civilization construction. According to our survey, in today's society, shallow culture, popular culture and network culture are full of people's lives. The status of traditional culture among students is getting lower and lower, and they know little about it. Coupled with the negative factors of market economy, money worship and hedonism are on the rise, collectivism is weakened, and ideals and future concepts are weak ... these phenomena are allowed to develop. The consequences are unimaginable. In today's harmonious society, it is imperative to carry forward traditional culture. The new curriculum standard points out that "modern society requires citizens to have good humanistic quality" and emphasizes that in the process of Chinese teaching, students should "know the richness and broadness of Chinese culture and absorb the wisdom of national culture". "The inheritance, development and innovation of national culture depend largely on China people. Therefore, it is necessary to study the development of traditional cultural resources in Chinese teaching. Especially under the new curriculum standard, Chinese teachers with new textbooks should be duty-bound to undertake this historical mission: give full play to the special function of "the unity of instrumentality and humanity" of Chinese subject, and let students swim and soar in the splendid cultural river of the motherland through the beauty of mountains and rivers, folk customs, history, culture and tradition. Let China's cultural traditions be carried forward. Second, the definition and theoretical hypothesis of the topic is 1, and the definition of the topic is (1) New Curriculum Standard: Compared with the Chinese curriculum system before 2000, it embodies four new basic concepts: First, it pays attention to cultivating students' Chinese literacy; Second, explore the humanistic connotation of Chinese education; Third, advocate independent, cooperative and inquiry learning methods. The fourth is to build an open and dynamic Chinese course. (2) The "traditional culture" here refers to the study of ancient poems and classics with universal edifying significance that have been tested by history in Chinese national culture and Hakka cultural tradition with local characteristics according to the physical and mental characteristics of middle school students. They are all the crystallization of human wisdom. It is also a tool to open human wisdom. (3) The relationship between "new curriculum standards and traditional culture": "Chinese curriculum standards" clearly points out: "Chinese is the most important communication tool and an important part of human culture. The unity of instrumentality and humanism is the basic feature of Chinese curriculum, which requires us to pay attention not only to the imparting and application of knowledge, but also to the cultivation of language sense in Chinese teaching. We should also shoulder the heavy responsibility of "recognizing Chinese culture and cultivating traditional spirit". 2. Theoretical hypothesis (1) Through effective combination in and out of class, students can get in touch with traditional culture in a large number of comprehensive practical activities, stimulate students' interest in learning, appreciate the charm of Chinese culture and promote the development of students' language ability. In the process of learning, students' ability to collect and process information can be exercised. Improve students' comprehensive quality. (2) Through research and practice, it is of great significance to guide students to understand the rich connotation of Chinese culture, absorb excellent traditional cultural wisdom and spiritual nutrition, enrich language, broaden their horizons, cultivate sentiment, develop their potential and make them have creative ability. With the rich humanistic connotation and the truth of being a man contained in traditional culture, we can enhance students' sense of identity with China's traditional culture and cultivate students to "learn to be a man" with noble personality and body and mind. On the other hand, the combination of traditional culture education and classroom reform will make the curriculum structure of the school more reasonable and promote the development of students' personality. Iii. Objectives and significance of the study 1. The research goal of this topic is the teaching of ancient poetry and Hakka traditional culture. (1) Ancient poetry teaching is one of the important contents of Chinese teaching. Cultivating students' ability to appreciate ancient poetry and prose is of great significance to improve students' basic literary literacy. Naturally, I don't need to go into details. However, compared with the current reading teaching and writing teaching research, the teaching and research of ancient poetry are relatively backward. There are at least three unhealthy tendencies in the teaching of ancient poetry and prose today. First, there is a tendency to language. Many people almost turn the appreciation of ancient poetry into a series of lectures on classical Chinese, focusing only on the static interpretation of the meaning of poetry. Neglect the cultivation of students' thinking ability in images. Second, the tendency of conceptualization. Many people turn the artistic appreciation of ancient poetry into a simple contrast between "poetic objects" and "poetic feelings", ignoring the cultivation of students' aesthetic psychological quality. Third, decomposition tendency. Many people turn the overall appreciation of a poem into a partial analysis of monotonous poetry, ignoring the organic overall effect of poetry appreciation. These tendencies cannot but make people feel. Today's ancient poetry teaching seems to lack a key consciousness, that is, how to give full play to students' positive role in poetry aesthetic activities. (2) According to many historical records, Shicheng occupies an extremely important position in the history of the formation and development of Hakka people, and is the birthplace of the pioneer of Hakka private studies (Govin). Many researchers of Hakka culture call Shicheng a transit station of Hakka cradle. Shicheng is rich in Hakka cultural resources. It is worthy of our development and research. 2. The traditional culture of China, with classical ancient poetry as its main content, is one of the sources of strength that constitute national cohesion, national pride and national cultural quality, and it is also an important educational resource that we use to mold people and souls. Based on this, we have the following understandings of the practical and far-reaching significance of the research on China's traditional cultural resources under the new curriculum standard: First, it is necessary to inherit and carry forward traditional culture. China cultural classics are important carriers of China culture. Inheriting culture is an important function of school education. We have the responsibility to carry out ancient poetry teaching and Hakka traditional culture research, so that the splendid and long-standing Chinese civilization can be passed down from generation to generation, and accumulate a steady stream of wisdom and lasting development momentum for the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. Second, strengthen Chinese traditional virtues.

3. How to improve the effectiveness of classical Chinese teaching in junior middle schools;

1. Paper: On how to improve the effectiveness of classical Chinese teaching in junior high schools.

2. Author: Dong

3. Abstract: < < junior high school Chinese new curriculum standards > > stipulates that junior high school Chinese teaching should enable students to have the ability to read independently and learn to use a variety of reading methods. Can read simple classical Chinese with the help of reference books. Therefore, in junior high school Chinese teaching, in order to improve the effectiveness of classical Chinese classroom teaching, teachers should guide students to fully preview before class and improve their interest in learning classical Chinese; We should pay attention to the active guidance of classroom teaching, reflect students' initiative in learning, and arrange appropriate after-class exercises to review the old and learn new things.

4. Release source: middle school, 2014 (14):1-14.

4. Ask for 10 extracurricular classical Chinese 1. Although the original text has fine food, food and food, I don't know its intention.

Although there is no supreme way, I don't know if it is good. That's why it's difficult to know after learning.

If you don't know enough, you can respond to it. If you know that you are sleepy, you can strengthen yourself. So teaching and learning learn from each other.

Note: 1. Jiayao: Good food. Jia is very good.

Dishes: cooked fish, cooked food. 2. F: No.3 Purpose: Delicious, delicious.

4. although: even if. 5. The highest road: the highest truth, the best truth.

6. Yes, therefore, 7. Know what you don't know in your study. Know what you don't know. 8. Lack of knowledge: Know your own shortcomings.

9. Reflexive: Ask yourself in turn, that is, reflect on yourself. 10. Self-improvement: work hard by yourself.

Strong: use the verb make ... strong. 1 1. Kindness: benefits 12. Teaching and learning learn from each other: teaching and learning promote each other.

Dragon: promotion; Educating others can also increase your own knowledge. Even if there is something delicious, you won't know its taste unless you eat it. Even if there is the best truth, you don't know its benefits if you don't learn it. So I didn't know my shortcomings until I studied, and I didn't know what I didn't know until I taught others.

Know that you are confused, and then you can encourage yourself to make progress; Know what you lack before you can study hard. Therefore, teaching and learning complement each other.

2. Original text: Mencius said: "Doing nothing or being unwise. Although there are things that are easy to live, if it is violent for one day and cold for ten days, no one can live.

I think it's rare. I'll come when it cools down. If I had MengMeng, I would be unhappy! The number of games played by my husband today is decimal; You can't do it if you don't concentrate. Qiu Yi is the best athlete in this country.

Let Qiu Yi teach two people to play chess, one to concentrate on playing chess, and Qiu Yi listens; Although one person thought it was a swan, he tried to shoot it with his bow. Although I learned chess from the previous one, chess is still not as good as the previous one.

Is it because his intelligence is not as good as the former? That's not true. Mencius said, "It is not surprising that Wang is not clever.

Even if there is the easiest thing to grow in the world, it can't grow if it is frozen for ten days a day. I seldom see the king. As soon as I left him, those who threw cold water on him immediately surrounded me. What can I do with the kind little bud I just had? As a skill, playing chess is a small skill; If you don't concentrate, you can't learn.

Qiu Yi is a national chess master. Let him teach two people to play chess. A person concentrate on, only listen to Qiu Yi.

While listening, the other thought that a swan was coming, and he wanted to shoot it with a bow and arrow. In this way, even if he studies with others, his grades are certainly not as good as others.

Is it because he is not as clever as others? Naturally, this is not the case. 3. Original text: The first refers to Prince Shao Shi, and the second refers to Xiao Yu, saying, "I am not good at nine bows and arrows, but I am good at 10 bows. I call myself the best. I am close to showing my bow works, but I said,' None of them are good materials'. I asked why.

Gong said:' the heart is not straight, and the pulse is evil. Although the bow moves, the arrow is not straight' I began to realize that it is not refined to distinguish people.

I set a square with my bow and arrow, but I haven't finished my knowledge yet. What's more, it can spread all over Zhihu? "Is to make kyou-kan more introspective than category five. After several delays, he asked about people's sufferings and political gains and losses. Notes on Zi Tongzhi Tang Jian Collection: ① Part I: The monarch, here refers to Li Shimin.

(2) Prince Shao Shi: an official who teaches the Crown Prince to learn. (3) Close to the archer: I showed it to the archer recently.

Archer: A craftsman who makes bows. ④ Pathogenic pulse: wood grain is not straight.

Pulse mechanism refers to wood grain. Evil: disease.

(5) I began to realize that the discerning person is not refined; Item: Once upon a time. 6 affairs: affairs.

⑦ Keep books for introspection: take turns to be on duty in books for introspection. Many: Take turns.

The book introspects the decision-making bodies of the imperial court. See you later: often summoned.

Number (shuò), repeated. The emperor said to Xiao Li, an official who taught the prince to study, "I liked bows and arrows when I was a child, and I had more than a dozen good bows." I thought there was nothing better than these. Recently, I showed them to the bow maker, and the craftsman said,' None of them are good bows', so I asked him why. He said:' If the wood core is not straight, the wood grain is not straight. So he ordered the officials above five grades in Beijing to take turns to live in Zhongshu Province and summoned them many times to ask about their folk sufferings and political gains and losses.

4. Original: When Wang Gong came back from the meeting, Wang Da took a look. Seeing him sitting on a six-foot pole, he respectfully said, "Dong Qing is from here. I should have this thing so that I can get it at once."

Respectfully speechless. After you leave, give it to the person you are sitting on.

Since there are no seats left, I will sit on the recommendation table. When he heard this, he was very surprised and said, "My name is Qing, so I ask for an ear."

Yes, I said, "if you are disrespectful, you will get nothing." Notes on Liu Yiqing's "Shi Shuo Xin Yu De" in Southern Dynasties: Huiji: Ancient place name, now Shaoxing City, Zhejiang Province.

Diàn: bamboo mat. Recommended: straw mats.

Father-in-law: In ancient times, the title of honoring the elderly could be translated as "you". Chang: redundant, redundant.

The princes of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Wang Da: The maharaja's uncle.

A collar: one. Ling, quantifier Dong: Dong Qing, a Hui Ji from Jiankang (now Nanjing) in the Eastern Jin Dynasty: You, a respectful title for people.

Lift: take and put. Say: think, think.

Yes: the answer is. Know: be familiar with, understand.

Wang Gong came back from Huiji and Wang Gong's uncle went to see him. Wang Gong's uncle saw Wang Gong sitting on a six-foot bamboo mat and said to him, "You must have a lot of these things when you come back from the East. Can you bring me one? " Wang Gong didn't answer.

After Wang Gong's uncle left, Wang Gong gave this mat to his uncle. I didn't have a bamboo mat to sit on, so I just sat on a straw mat.

Afterwards, Wang Gong's uncle was very surprised when he heard about it. He said to Wang Gong, "I thought you had a lot of bamboo mats, so I asked you for them." Wang Gong replied, "You don't know me. I never have anything extra.

"5. Original: Jia Yi wrote that Sun Shuai was Chu Lingyin, and a country's officials and people came to congratulate him. An old father, dressed in coarse clothes and wearing a white crown, later died.

5. Urgent for five extra-curricular classical Chinese (with title, author, original text and translation), the shorter the better.

There is a pavilion on the top, and the wind is too high to be a mother.

200 steps north of the valley, there is a small shrine called "Houtu".

There is a Lin Siting on the top of the mountain. Because the mountain is high and windy, it is impossible to use wood. It's all made of bricks.

About 200 steps north of the ravine, there is a small temple with a plaque that says "Houtu Temple".

.

Yang's son

Yang's son is nine years old. He is very clever and considerate of Kong Junping's father. He called his son out when his father was not at home. If Yang Kongmei points to it as a sign, he says, "This is your fruit." The son replied, "I have never heard that peacocks are the owner's poultry." "

In Liang, there is a family named Yang. He has a nine-year-old son. He is very clever. One day, Junping Kong came to see his father. It happened that his father was not at home. Junping Kong called the child out and brought fruit to Junping Kong. Among them, Yangmei Junping Kong pointed to Yangmei and said, "This is your fruit." The child immediately replied, "I haven't heard that peacock is your bird."

wolf

Ah Zai came home late, and all the meat in his burden was eaten, leaving only bones. On the way, the two wolves traveled a long way. Eliminate fear and throw it at the bone. The wolf has a bone to stop, and the wolf still comes from. After the re-voting, the post-wolf stopped and the former wolf came again. The bones are exhausted. And the combination of two wolves is the same.

Tu was embarrassed. He was afraid of being attacked by the enemy. There is a wheat field in Gu Ye, where the landowner earns a lot of money. Tu Naiben leaned against it with a knife on his shoulder. Wolves are afraid to go forward, eyeing each other.

When I was a child, a wolf left and a dog sat in front of him. After a long time, my eyes seem to be useless and very idle. Tu suddenly and violently, one knife to cut the wolf's head, several knives to kill it. Fang wanted to go, but after turning to pay, a wolf hole was among them, which meant to tunnel in and attack the back. The body is half in, and only the tail is exposed. After the slaughter, he died of a broken stock. It was the wolf who fell asleep before enlightenment, and covered it to lure the enemy.

Wolves are afraid, too, and they die in an instant. What about animals? Stop laughing.

Children are not afraid of tigers.

Su Shi

Zhongyi, Wan, Yun and An (place names) are all along the Yangtze River in Sichuan. ) Many tigers. Some women spend a day on the beach of their second child in Kaya Hioki and wash clothes in the water. Huzi

When the mountain comes, the woman dives to hide, and the second child plays on the beach. The tiger is familiar with it, and it is the first to arrive. Touch, touch, touch, touch, touch, touch, touch. ) One is scared, and the child is stupid, but somehow, the tiger is dead. People who eat tigers must be threatened first, and people who are not afraid can't do anything?

There are many tigers in Zhong, Wan, Yun and An. A woman left two children on the beach during the day and washed clothes by herself. old

The tiger ran from the mountain, and the woman jumped into the water to avoid the tiger. The two children are (still) playing freely on the beach. The tiger stared at them for a long time and even touched them with his head, hoping that they would be a little scared, but the children were puzzled and didn't even think it was strange. The tiger finally left. It is estimated that tigers must first show their prestige to others when they eat people, but is there no place to impose (and give up) prestige on those who are not afraid of prestige?

Autumn water comes (1), and all rivers fill the river (2). There is no dispute between the two cliffs. Therefore, Hebo is very satisfied with himself (5) and thinks that the beauty of the world lies in himself (6). Downstream to the east, as for the North Sea. Look east, but you can't see the water. So why? Hebo began to turn his face (7) and looked at the ocean and sighed (8): "Wild words have a cloud (9):' Those who know everything (10) and those who think they don't know anything (1 1), which I call also. Besides, I know little about Zhong Ni, but people who belittle Boyi (12) began to believe me. Seeing that my son is hard to be poor now, I will be in danger if I don't go to my son's door. Parents laugh and laugh (13).

flood

Autumn floods arrive on time, and many rivers flow into the Yellow River. The DC water wave is huge, between the two banks and the sandbar, surging and boundless, and it is impossible to tell the difference between cattle and horses. At this time, the river god was very happy and complacent, thinking that all the beautiful things in the world were on himself. Follow the current eastward to the Bohai Sea. Look east and see the end of the water. At this time, the river god turned his face, looked up at Poseidon and sighed: "As the saying goes,' After listening to hundreds of truths, I feel that no one in the world can compare with myself, that is me. In addition, I have also heard that some people think that Confucius is shallow in knowledge and ignorant in morality. At first, I didn't believe it. Now I see your infinity. If I don't come to your door, it will be dangerous. I will always be laughed at by the winner. "

6. How to learn classical Chinese deeply? First of all, you should know the real history of China (not just the history books).

Because, in the Xia, Shang, Zhou, Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods, culture was basically dating, and the existing records about its history were mostly recorded in classical Chinese except for a few unearthed cultural relics. After the Han Dynasty, from the historical records, classical Chinese gradually developed and later became the official language of China.

It is said that many memorials and ancient official documents have the shadow of classical Chinese, which is very helpful for us to understand people's behavior and thoughts at that time. For example, many memorials of the Northern Wei Dynasty (Northern and Southern Dynasties) were discovered before, which became a major archaeological discovery. Then, with the development of the imperial examination system, writing classical Chinese has become the pursuit of literati. At the same time, because of China's special view of history, learning classical Chinese well is also very helpful for reading ancient history.

The above is the first process, and the second process is to understand the profound meaning contained in good classical Chinese, and then understand our culture. I won't say much about this, you are only a sophomore. For a simple example, there was a sentence in the "memorial" given to Chiang Kai-shek last week: "Enlai and others are at a loss." Is it similar to the "I am at a loss" of ancient courtiers? As for why you write this way, you should be able to understand that even after the founding of the People's Republic of China, even if the style and form have changed, the essence has not changed.

This is the meaning of classical Chinese, because it is the most important carrier of our 4000-year culture. You have to love her and spend your whole life slowly understanding it to understand its meaning.