Classification of calligraphy

Calligraphy font is the classification of calligraphy style.

Calligraphy fonts are traditionally divided into five categories: branch font, cursive font, official script font, seal script font and regular script font. In each category, it is subdivided into several sub-categories. For example, seal script is divided into big seal script and small seal script, regular script is divided into Wei Bei Tang Kai, and cursive script is divided into Cao Zhang, Jincao and Kuangcao.

1 oracle calligraphy

The so-called "oracle calligraphy" generally has two meanings.

First, it refers to the calligraphy works neatly imitated according to the font structure and calligraphy characteristics of Oracle Bone Inscriptions in Shang and Zhou Dynasties. This kind of works can collect ancient Chinese characters and combine them into new sentences as needed. Although the content is new, the writing is as rich and elegant as that written by Yin people three thousand years ago. However, there are only more than 2,000 words in Oracle Bone Inscriptions, among which many rare words (especially names and places) have not been released, and few of them are really useful. Therefore, once you encounter a word that is not in Oracle Bone Inscriptions, and it can't be replaced in the written couplets and inscriptions, you have to split it with radicals and splice it yourself; If you can't spell it again, you will have to turn to other ancient Chinese characters such as inscriptions on bronze. The leading figure in this creation is Luo Zhenyu.

On the other hand, it refers to the modern calligraphy works that I created by drawing lessons from the characteristics of Oracle Bone Inscriptions. They regard Oracle Bone Inscriptions as an inspiration, just a little inspiration in artistic creation, not pursuing "similarity". Therefore, they don't write strictly according to the characteristics of oracle calligraphy, but may combine the characteristics of Oracle Bone Inscriptions, bronze inscriptions and Warring States scripts to create. Although this kind of calligraphy art is related to ancient philology, it is not the same.

During the pre-Qin and Fu periods in China, characters appeared. Archaeologists proved that Oracle Bone Inscriptions was painted on tortoise shells and animal bones. Because it is used for divination and predicting good or bad luck, it is called "Oracle". But it already has the basic elements of China's calligraphy art: pen, structure, composition and so on. During the Yin and Zhou Dynasties, the inscriptions on Zhong Ding Yi wares, namely bronze inscriptions, also known as "Zhong Dingwen", were widely popular. After the unification of Qin Shihuang, they were collectively called "Xiao Zhuan", also known as "Qin Zhuan". The so-called seal script is actually an official script. It is a standardized universal calligraphy style for official documents.

2 regular script font

Zheng daozhao (455 ~ 5 16) was a poet and calligrapher of Wei state in the northern dynasties. The word noble. Xingyang Kaifeng (now Henan) people. The youngest son of Zheng, the minister of the Northern Wei Dynasty. When Emperor Xiaowen was emperor, the official rode straight to serve. In the 19th year of Taihe (495), with Emperor Xiaowen's expedition to the south, he wrote couplets and became a much-told story. At the beginning of Xuan Wudi, he moved to the Minister's Prison. Because he was implicated by his younger brother Zheng Si, he went to Gwangju as a secretariat and transferred to Qingzhou as a secretariat. Later, he returned to be the secretary. After his death, he was posthumously awarded Zhenbei General and Xiangzhou Secretariat.

Zheng Daozhao was one of the more accomplished poets when literature in the Northern Dynasties began to rise. His poems are good at describing scenery, with a touch of elegance. Their styles are similar to those of Xie Lingyun and Bao Zhao in the Southern Dynasties, but different from those of other poets who imitated Qi Liang in the Northern Dynasties. For example, the book "Follow the customs □ People go out of the southeast of Laicheng and climb the nine-mile Yunfeng" "Double Que inherits Han Kai, and the rainbow is absolutely lingering □; Birds in the stream are fascinated, and birds in the sinus are too anxious. " Climbing the Yunfeng Mountain to visit the island, enjoying the mountains and overlooking the white sand, has a strong brushwork and more momentum. His articles, two of which are chapters and tables, are not very distinctive, and only the inscription on Tianzhu Mountain is still literary. Shu Wei Zheng Zhuan, a Taoist subsidiary, said that he was "good at composing poems, with dozens of poems", but only four poems and three articles survived. It is included in Kai's Poems of Pre-Qin and Han Dynasties, Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties and Poems of Qin, Han, Three Kingdoms and Six Dynasties. Zheng Daozhao likes to cultivate one's morality and cultivate one's nature. In the first year of Yanchang (565,438+02), Qingyan Temple, Baiyun Hall, Song Balcony, Ling Xuan Palace and Zhong Mingtan were built in Dai Ji Mountain, Laizhou, and inscribed. Since then, Yunfeng Mountain and Dajishan Mountain in Laizhou have increased their luster and become famous all over the world. The glittering stone carvings make tourists at home and abroad yearn for it. Also known as "True Book" and "True Book", Ou Yangxun, Yan Zhenqing and Liu Gongquan.

3 official script font

The full name is Xu Zao Confucius Temple Sacrifice Monument, also known as Han Ming Fu Confucius Temple Monument into Lu Shifa Monument, Han Xu Monument and so on. Han Yongshou two years (156), official script. Length 227.2 cm, width 102.4 cm. Confucius Temple in Qufu, Shandong Province. There is no amount. Carved on all sides, all official script. There are sixteen lines of stele Yang, with 36 characters. At the end of the text, there are nine titles such as Han Xu. There are inscriptions on the body and sides of the tablet.

Four-line font

Running a script is similar to running a script. Brief introduction of Jin Shilin: "If the running script is really like the post of two kings, nine times out of ten. The same is true of the sacred religion, xingfu and Confucius Temple tablets collected by monk Huairen and others. " In the Qing Dynasty, Wang Shizhen wrote "The Story of's Three Zhaos in Song Xue": "Zhao Songxue wrote Du Shi in calligraphy, with Zhu Sizhu and Zi as the running script." The 40th story of Legend of Heroes of Children: "Adults opened the famous letter and saw that the letter under it was a piece of paper with a small fly's head on it."

Five-line script font

Preface to Lanting is Wang Xizhi's masterpiece at the age of 565,438+0. It describes the spectacular scene of his meeting with many dignitaries and literati of the dynasty, and expresses his sigh for life and death. Under the mountain, by the sea of Maolin Bamboo, take a sip of wine, splash ink and write poems, and make a preface for everyone. The article is fresh and beautiful, and the calligraphy is elegant and generous. It has been regarded as the top grade by the book circles of past dynasties. Mi Fei, a great calligrapher in Song Dynasty, called it "the first post of China's running script".

Huai Su (725 ~ 785) was born in Lingling, Yongzhou (now Lingling, Hunan). Known as "weeds". Since childhood, he has been a monk. After meditation, I like calligraphy, practice hard in the pool, and practice calligraphy with banana leaves. The board is made of paper and the leaves are worn out. He buried his grave with a bald pen, and then wrote about dragons and snakes, full of paper and smoke. Princes and celebrities also like to make friends with this crazy monk.