Why is Guan Yu regarded as the divine emperor, but Zhao Yun is not?

In fact, I used to have a book that specifically talked about the reasons for Guan Yu's deification, but I didn't know where it was, so I had to look for it online... (Guoxue.com, which is still very authoritative!) (The reasons for Zhao Yun and Zhuge Liang's deification are also

Almost!) On the worship of Guan Yu, the author Wang Qizhou. The most universally admired Chinese historical figures are Confucius and Guan Yu.

Confucius is the originator of Confucianism. Since Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty "deposed hundreds of schools of thought and respected Confucianism alone," Confucianism has been in a dominant position for a long time. It is reasonable for Confucius to be revered as "the most holy teacher", "King Wenxuan", etc.

In the middle of things.

Guan Yu is a famous general in the Three Kingdoms, but there were many heroes and famous generals in the Three Kingdoms. There are even more famous military generals in ancient China. Why is it that Guan Yu is the only one who can surpass all the famous generals in the past and is universally worshiped by people?

, was revered as the "Martial Emperor" and kept pace with the "Literary Saint" Confucius. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the "Martial Temple" dedicated to Emperor Guan even surpassed the "Confucian Temple" dedicated to Confucius.

The reasons are worth exploring in depth.

1. Guan Yu, whose courtesy name is Yunchang and whose real name is Changsheng, was born in Hedong Jie (now southwest of Linyi, Shanxi).

He and Zhang Fei started a rebellion together with Liu Bei, assisted Liu Bei in establishing his foundation, and later guarded Jingzhou, but were killed by Soochow.

Chen Shou, a historian of the Western Jin Dynasty, wrote his biography "Three Kingdoms", which focused on recording his loyalty and bravery.

In terms of loyalty, he and Liu Bei "sleeped in the same bed, treated each other like brothers, and sat in close proximity with each other, standing by all day long, following the late master around, and not avoiding hardships."

In the fifth year of Jian'an, he was captured by Cao Cao. Cao Cao was very polite and worshiped him as a partial general at first. After assassinating General Yan Liang of Yuan Shao, he was granted the title of Hou Tinghou of the Han Dynasty.

But Guan Yu was unmoved. After "taking effect to repay Duke Cao", "Yu finished all his gifts, bowed to the letter and said goodbye, and ran to his late master."

As far as bravery is concerned, in his early years he beheaded Yan Liang among thousands of people; after being injured by an arrow, he scraped the bones to cure the poison, and the blood filled the plate, and he was able to "cut the wine and speak and laugh freely"; in his later years, he was flooded by the Seven Ban Army,

He was surrendered to the ban and killed Pang De, who "were so powerful in China that Cao Gong proposed to move the capital to avoid his power."

However, he also has shortcomings that he can't tolerate because of his high ambition.

Insulting the envoys of the State of Wu who proposed marriage, and belittling Mi Fang, the governor of Nanjun, and Dr. Ren, the general, became important reasons for his defeat.

Therefore, Chen Shou commented that he "called the enemy of ten thousand people and the tiger minister of the world" and "had the style of a national scholar". At the same time, he also pointed out that he was "strong and self-respecting" and "succeeded by shortcomings."

Chen Shou's understanding and evaluation of Guan Yu represents the basic tendency of Jin people to understand and evaluate Guan Yu.

As a historical figure, Guan Yu had no signs of being deified at this time.

Pei Songzhi of the Southern Song Dynasty wrote annotations for "Three Kingdoms", which only enriched some details in Chen Shouzhi's biography, and added materials such as "Yu is good at Zuo's Biography, and his satires and recitations are all catchy", and there were no words or phrases that deified Guan Yu.

From the Jin Dynasty to the Liang Dynasty, there are many stories and legends about the characters of the Three Kingdoms, and many people at that time recorded them, such as "Yu Lin" written by Pei Qi of the Jin Dynasty, "Sou Shen Ji" written by Qian Bao, "Shi Yi Ji" written by Wang Jia of the former Qin Dynasty, "Yu Lin" written by Pei Qi of the Jin Dynasty, and "Records of Supplements" written by Wang Jia of the former Qin Dynasty.

Liu Jingshu's "Yiyuan", Liu Yiqing's "Shishuoxinyu", Liang Yinyun's "Novel", etc. all contain stories about characters from the Three Kingdoms, but none of them compare to Guan Yu, which shows that Guan Yu has not attracted the attention of the world during this period.

Although some military generals during this period also looked forward to Guan Yu's bravery, this only showed that they recognized Guan Yu's "power to be the enemy of ten thousand people" and did not mean that they admired Guan Yu's personality.

After Liang Dynasty, the legend of Guan Yu's appearance began to spread gradually from Jingzhou and other places to the whole country.

At the end of Liang Dynasty, there was a legend that "Lu Fa made a pact with the false gods, and Emperor Xuan of Liang consulted the gods to reject Wang Lin."

During the Guangda period of Emperor Chen Fei (567-568), Zen Master Zhiyi went to Yuquan Mountain in Dangyang (now Dangyang City, Hubei Province). He loved the beauty of this mountain and wanted to build a temple.

When Zhichi went under the arbor of Dingding, he saw the Golden Armor God saying to him: "Marquis Shouting of the Yu Han Dynasty, I would like to leave this place as a place to hang tin, and please meditate for seven days to see the effect." On the evening of the due date, the valleys shook,

The wind whistled Leijia, turning Qiutan into the foundation site (see "Qiu Ji Cong Hua").

This is naturally a lie fabricated by Buddhists to use gods to teach their religion, but it can be seen that Guan Yu had begun to be deified by the people in Jingzhou and other places during the Chen Dynasty. Otherwise, Zhiji would not have used Guan Yu to teach his religion.

In the twelfth year of Emperor Kaihuang's reign in the Sui Dynasty (592), King Yang Guang of the Jin Dynasty petitioned Zhi to build a temple in Yuquan Mountain, and personally wrote the plaque "Wise Man's Dojo".

Three hundred steps northwest of the temple is the Guan Yu Temple.

From the 13th to the 14th year of Emperor Kaihuang's reign (593-594), Zhizhi taught the "Xuanyi of the Lotus Sutra" and "Maha Zhiguan" at Yuquan Temple. During this period, a grand ceremony was held to confer the "Bodhisattva Precepts" to the soul of Guan Yu.

, Guan Yu became a disciple of Buddhism.

Zhiqi was the founder of Tiantai Sect. Due to Zhiqi's promotion, Guan Yu's influence also increased day by day.

The Tang and Five Dynasties were an important period for the completion of Guan Yu's deification.

Before the mid-Tang Dynasty, Guan Yu's worship as a god was still limited to Jingzhou.

Lang Shiyuan, who was the governor of Yingzhou at the time of Emperor Daizong of the Tang Dynasty, said in the poem "Farewell to Friends at the Zhuangmuhou Temple": "The general is as beautiful as the sky, and his righteousness and bravery are the best in the past and present. He can travel across hundreds of battlefields, and he can defeat ten thousand enemies with one sword. Whoever is grateful means that he wants to return home.

A guest. Wandering among the Jingwu people, leaving the banquet in front of the ancestral temple, leaving without saying a word, leaving behind a trace of sadness.

, the original boundary of Jingzhou, the poem says "wandering among Jingwu, wandering around the hometown", which shows that although temple worship established for Guan Yu is popular in Jingchu, it has not yet reached a nationwide scale.

The author admires Guan Yu's righteousness and bravery, but also laments that he is living in a foreign land.