Chaozhou Cultural Manuscripts June 65438+1October 65438+February to June 65438+March 2020

Understanding "culture" only as spiritual culture is too narrow, and the latter definition is too broad and abstract. Because culture is such an abstract concept, everyone seems to know what culture is and can talk about it. However, when discussing the specific meaning of culture, we will find that the original definition of culture is irrelevant, shapeless and seemingly elusive.

/kloc-After the mid-9th century, anthropology, cultural anthropology, ethnology, sociology and other human-oriented related disciplines appeared in western social sciences, from which we noticed that the concept of "culture" is a basic category of these disciplines-anthropology, ethnology and sociology.

In the eyes of western anthropologists, culture is a very specific thing. Every society, every nation, people live in a certain area, people form a real society, establish a certain social system, have a certain ideology, people follow a certain pattern of behavior, consciously or unconsciously abide by certain rules of behavior, which constitute a social and cultural system.

In other words, culture refers to concrete things in form. Culture is a regional and regional national social phenomenon. It is a structured entity and can be divided into four levels.

1, social and economic system, that is, the productive forces and relations of production that Marxism often says.

Second, it is the network of social relations formed by people in this society and the institutionalized forms adopted by these networks. For example, it links people's kinship, leadership and being led, and other legal and political relations. This is the institutionalized level of culture.

Third, it refers to a society's ideology, its spiritual products, religion, art, its cognition and interpretation of its own system, etc.

Fourth, it refers to the behavior value system of this society, people's inner constraints on self-behavior, as the ethical norms required by social morality.

There are six major cultural systems in world history: China, Indian, Babylonian, Egyptian, Greek and later Arab Islamic cultures.

Among them, the ancient Indian and Cuban Babylonian culture has been interrupted and replaced by Arab Islamic culture; With the spread and development of ancient Greek civilization, Latin and Germanic cultural systems were derived.

Therefore, there are four major cultural systems in the world today:

China's cultural system: including China and Japanese and Vietnamese influenced by China culture; This is the main body of oriental wisdom and one of the most important components of world civilization. Although there are some cultural differences among China, Japan and Korea, they have a lot in common through the ages, such as piano, chess, calligraphy and painting, and almost all have the same artistic characteristics.