Mongolia's Lost Traditional Culture of Yuan Dynasty

The Yuan Dynasty (127 1 year-1368) was a unified empire established by Mongols in the history of China, with its capital in modern Beijing.

1260, Kublai Khan, established the "great unity" of the Yuan Dynasty. 127 1 year, Kublai Khan changed the name of the country to "Dayuan" in the Book of Changes, and successively eliminated the Jin Dynasty, Xixia, Dali and other regimes. 1276 Lin 'an was captured and the Southern Song Dynasty fell. 1279, the remnants of the Southern Song Dynasty were eliminated after the war in Yashan Sea, and China was completely unified, ending the separatist situation since the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms.

The territory of the Yuan Dynasty was unprecedented, extending from the North Sea to the East China Sea of Japan, and the inspection department was located in Penghu Islands. The Yuan Dynasty implemented the provincial system, set up provincial secretariat in the central government, controlled the prime minister, and managed government affairs safely. The provincial system is implemented locally, which is the first in China. The commodity economy and overseas trade flourished, and the overall productivity was not as good as that of the Song Dynasty. During this period, cultural forms such as Yuanqu and Sanqu appeared.

After the establishment of the Yuan Dynasty, it continued to expand to the outside world, but it was defeated repeatedly when it went to sea to conquer Japan and Southeast Asian countries, including the fiasco in the Yuan-Japan War. In the middle of Yuan Dynasty, the throne changed frequently, politics never got on the right track, and the economy developed, but it failed to return to the level of Song Dynasty. In the later period, the rule was corrupt, the civil strife of the prime minister was frequent, and the ethnic contradictions deepened, which triggered a large-scale peasant uprising.

1368, Zhu Yuanzhang led the peasant army to capture Nanjing, then the Northern Expedition occupied Dadu, and the Yuan Dynasty perished. Since then, the Yuan regime has retreated to Mobei, known as the "Northern Yuan" in history. 1402, Chen Yuangui and Li Chi usurped power, established "Tatar", and the Northern Yuan Dynasty perished.

Yuan dynasty history concluded.

The full name of Yuan Dynasty (127 1- 1368) was Dayuan or Mengyuan, which was the first unified minority dynasty in China history. The Yuan Dynasty was founded by Kublai Khan of Yuan Shizu in 127 1 year. His predecessor was the Great Mongolia established by Genghis Khan.

1206, Genghis Khan unified the ministries in Mobei, and established Great Mongolia in Nanhe (Enen River). At that time, the ruler of Mongolia was the Jin Dynasty, while the Jin Dynasty and Xixia were in decline. Mongolia successively attacked Xixia and Jin Dynasty, conquered Xixia and Jin Dynasty in 1227 and 1234 respectively, and completely occupied North China of China. In the west, Mongolia launched three western expeditions, which made the Mongols dominate Eurasia. 1259 Mongo, Yuan Xianzong, died after the Song Dynasty. Kublai Khan, the fourth brother who owned the Han Dynasty, competed with Ali Bug, the seventh brother supported by the Mongolian nobles in Mobei, for the position of Khan, and Kublai Khan won in the end 1264. Kublai Khan changed his country name to Dayuan in 127 1 and established the Yuan Dynasty, namely Yuan Shizu. This war broke the relationship between the four great khans of Mongolia and Kublai Khan, and it was not until the Yuan Chengzong period that Yuan Di was recognized as the Great Khan. 1276, the Yuan Dynasty conquered the Southern Song Dynasty, conquered the whole China area, and plunged China into alien rule. Yuan Shizu to Yuan Wuzong was the heyday of the Yuan Dynasty, which pacified the northwest militarily, but it lost many times in conquering Japan and Southeast Asian countries, including the Yuan-Japan War. In the middle period, the throne changed frequently, and politics was never on track. In the late Zong Dynasty, due to lazy politics and excessive issuance of paper money, inflation was caused, and the corvee was aggravated in order to control the flooded Yellow River, which eventually led to the 135 1 Yuan uprising. 1368 After Zhu Yuanzhang established the Ming Dynasty, he sent Xu Da to the Northern Expedition to capture the capital of the Yuan Dynasty (Beijing). Yuan Ting retired to Mobei, known as Beiyuan in history. 1402 Chen Yuangui Li Chi usurped the throne, established Tatar, and died in the Northern Yuan Dynasty.

The Yuan Dynasty inherited the main territory of Mongolia, and after many expansions, it reached its maximum in the Yuan Wuzong period of 13 1, reaching Turpan in the west, northern Yunnan and Myanmar in the southwest, Dubo in the south, Beihai in the north, ob river in the east and the Sea of Japan in the east. According to historical records, "Liao country is in the east, quicksand is in the west, Yinshan mountain is in the north, and the sea is in the south. The Yuan Dynasty was also the suzerain of the four great khanates, including Qincha khanate, Chagatai khanate, Wokuotai khanate and ilhan khanate, and its vassal states covered Korea and Southeast Asian countries.

The economy is still dominated by agriculture. Due to the cruelty and exploitation of Mongolian rulers, the overall productivity of Yuan Dynasty was lower than that of Song Dynasty, but it made great progress in production technology, reclamation area, grain output, water conservancy construction and extensive cotton planting. Mongols are nomadic people. Grassland period was dominated by animal husbandry, with a single economy and no land system. When attacking North China, cruel slaughter and looting caused great damage. After the collapse of the Jin Dynasty, Genghis Khan agreed to revive agriculture and encourage reclamation at the suggestion of Lu Ye Chu Cai, so as to maintain long-term stability. After Kublai Khan ascended the throne, he implemented some measures to encourage production and appease exile. In the Yuan Dynasty, cotton was continuously promoted and planted as a cash crop, and cotton textiles became more prosperous in the south of the Yangtze River.

The influence of Yuan Dynasty on China's traditional culture was greater than that on its social economy. Unlike other conquering dynasties, which actively absorbed Chinese culture in order to upgrade their own culture, the Yuan Dynasty absorbed both Western Asian culture and Chinese culture, and advocated that Mongolia was supreme. For example, Tibetan Buddhism was respected, Semu people were widely used in politics, the status of Confucianism declined, and imperial examinations were not held for a long time in the early Yuan Dynasty. The decline of scholar-bureaucrat culture meant the collapse of traditional social order in Song Dynasty. This makes the cultural status of literati decline, and the civilian culture belonging to the middle and lower classes rises rapidly. This phenomenon is to reuse petty officials politically and develop drama and artistic talents for the common people in art and literature, among which Yuanqu is the most prosperous.

List of emperors in yuan dynasty

Brief introduction of emperor of yuan dynasty

Brief introduction of Yuan Taizu

Brief introduction of Genghis Khan (02-08)

Brief introduction of Wokuotai in Yuan Taizong

How did Wokuotai die? (02-08)

Introduction of Yuan Dingzong to Gui You (02-08)

Queen Qin Shu introduced.

A Brief Introduction to "Lost at Sea" (02-08)

Introduction of Yuan Xianzong Mungo (02-08)

Introduction of Kublai Khan in Yuan Shizu (02-07)

Brief Introduction of Yuan Chengzong Timur (02-07)

Brief Introduction of Yuan Wuzong (02-07)

Introduction to Yuan Renzong (0 1-07)

Introduction to Yuan Yingzong (0 1-07)

A Brief Introduction of Yuan Taiding Emperor (0 1-07)

Brief Introduction of Yuan Tianshun Emperor (0 1-07)

Introduction to Yuan Wenzong (0 1-07)

Introduction to Yuan Mingzong (12-06)

Introduction to Yuan Ningzong (12-06)

Introduction to Yuan Shundi (12-06)

Statue of the Emperor of the Yuan Dynasty

Yuan Taizu Yuan Taizong Yuanding Zongyuan Xianzong Mengge Yuan Shizu Kublai Khan Yuancheng Zongyuan Wu Zongyuan Renzong Yuan Yingzong Yuanding Emperor Yuan Tianshun Emperor Yuan Wenzong Yuan Ningzong Yuan Shundi

Yuan dynasty in history