Dai Musical Instruments

The famous musical instrument of the Dai ethnic group in Yunnan, China is? Been preempted, then I'll be more detailed well.

Hulusi, Bawu is a kind of reed mainly circulated in China's Yunnan Dai, Achang, De'ang and other ethnic minorities, the tone of this instrument is very beautiful and beautiful, due to the conditions of the earliest reed is made of bamboo, which not only affects the tone of this instrument, but also greatly limits its volume, range and life, limiting the scope of its use, so for a long time can't So for a long time can not make more people appreciate, so many years through many producers efforts, this instrument has been greatly improved compared with earlier, whether from the appearance or from the process has been greatly improved, finally have the opportunity to come to the world in front of the display of its unique artistic charms, with its special tone and beautiful melody conquered the majority of Chinese and foreign music enthusiasts and was rapidly popularized.

The hulusi, also known as the hulusi Xiao, is known in Dai as the "Wicker Lang Duo" ("Hua" is a generic term for wind instruments in Dai. "Lang" for the meaning of straight blowing, "chatter" that is, gourd), can be divided into high, medium, bass three types, commonly used for the key of b, B, C, D and other keys.

The Dai Instruments of Dai Folk Songs The melodious singing with the traditional folk instrumental music is a major feature of Dai folk songs. Dai musical instruments are colorful, commonly used on the hulusi, elephant foot drums, cowhide drums, gongs, ding and qin, etc., which are good friends in the people's recreational life, and they make the Dai songs and dances more distinctive features. Percussion instruments account for the largest proportion of the Dai musical instruments, and each percussion instrument has different specifications and types. The percussion instruments of the Dai ethnic group include drums, cymbals, rhyming boards and bronze bells. Drums: long, medium, short, elephant foot drums, drums, hanging drums, short drums, the late Ming Dynasty also used copper drums. There are large and small, rows, piano.

Dai traditional musical instruments Hulusi

Dai musical instruments Dai Hulusi is how to have what characteristics Source:

Hulusi has a long history, and its origins can be traced back to the pre-Qin era, which was transformed from the evolution of the gourd sheng. In the structure still maintains the remains of the ancient musical instruments, the number of pipes is the same as the three-pipe pipe, the two sub-pipes do not open the sound hole and the ancient pipe is exactly the same, and issued a sustained interval of five degrees, and the ancient pipe "and the sound of the masses," but also a perfect resemblance. But its main tube has opened seven holes, and the later generations of flutes very similar to the xiao flute, but also show it in the history of the leap.

After the founding of New China, Chinese folk musicians reformed the gourd xiao. 1958, the Yunnan Provincial Song and Dance Troupe was the first to extend the range to 14 tones. Some literary groups in Beijing made two new gourd xiao. The six-pipe gourd xiao can be played in monotone, diatonic, single melody plus sustained tone and two harmonic melodies plus sustained tone. Both maintain the original instrument's unique tone and style, but also increase the volume, expand the range, rich sound color and expressive power. In the garden of Chinese national musical instruments, it has become a striking oddball. in the early 1980s, the Central National Orchestra visited the Japanese group, used this new gourd xiao to play for the Japanese people, and was welcomed and praised.

A

About the auspicious birthplace of the hulusi and the legend about the origin of the hulusi is widely believed to be in the hometown of the hulusi - Yunnan Dehong Dai Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture, Lianghe County, Meng Yang, and as early as pre-Qin Dynasty, where there are a lot of beautiful and moving legends.

The history of the hulusi is very long, can be traced back to the pre-Qin era, the folk have circulated many moving legends, according to legend, in Yunnan Dehong Dai Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture Lianghe County Mengyang River, a flash flood, a brave Dai small Bu冒抱起一个大葫芦, broke through the waves, rescued their sweethearts, the Buddha was touched by his faithful and unshakeable love, inserted the bamboo tube into the golden gourd, sent to the brave little Bu冒, the Buddha was touched by his love, and inserted the bamboo tube into the golden gourd. Sent to the brave little Bu Bao, little Bu Bao hands holding up the golden gourd, immediately blew a beautiful music. At once, the wind and waves calm, flowers bloom, peacocks open screen, blessing the couple auspicious and happy, from then on, the gourd silk in Lianghe County Mengyang Dai family inherited, Lianghe De'ang, Jingpo, Achang also came to learn, and successively expanded to the whole of the whole of the Dehong and other nationalities, and has been passed down from generation to generation.

Two

Another Dai legend is that in ancient times there was a ferocious beast, often coming down the mountain to eat people and livestock. At this time, there was a great hero called Tai, who went through a lot of hardships and arrived at the palace of Nuwa, who was touched by Tai's sincerity and gave him a gourd that could collect the demons and ghosts. Tai returned to his hometown and used the gourd to collect the evil beasts when they appeared. But the beast was still banging around in the gourd, so Tai stuck a bamboo in the bottom of the gourd, and the beast finally quieted down inside and never came out again. Later, in order to commemorate the deeds of Tai, we made the gourd silk modeled after the gourd and bamboo, and passed it down as a musical instrument.

Characteristics:

The hulusi is often used to play folk tunes, such as mountain songs, and is best suited to playing melodic and smooth music or dance music, with more long tones in the tunes, and a rich ensemble of harmonies and soft, harmonic sounds, which are able to express the player's thoughts and feelings.

The Hulusi is loved by music lovers and Chinese and foreign tourists because of its unique and beautiful sound, simple, soft and elegant appearance, easy to learn and small and easy to carry.

What is the traditional instrument of Miao? What are the traditional instruments of the Dai? Miao: Lusheng, Mangtong, night xiao, sister xiao, flute, suona, erhu, Yueqin and so on.

Dai: Bi, ding

The others do not know

What are the representative songs of the Dai or musical instruments Dai folk songs

Dai folk songs are not public most of the characteristics of the folk songs of the dam area, with beautiful lyricism, less exciting and high-pitched tone, and because of the Dai language tone is rich in the depression changes, with beautiful lyricism, a greater impact, so that the combination of singing and recitation characteristics. It is characterized by singing and recitation. In addition, since the length of the lyrics is not restricted, Dai folk songs seldom have a neat and square structure. The Dai of different clans and regions have their own local characteristics and personalities, and their varieties are also very different. Among them, the Dai folk songs in the area of Dehong Prefecture are the most rich and colorful.

The Dai folk songs are more difficult to be divided into categories according to a unified body, such as different singing occasions and applications, can be roughly divided into this in the field field singers, singing in the collective song and dance activities, used for love, used in folk customary activities, used to worship God and those who worship the Buddha as well as used in the wah wah love letters, poems and other categories.

The Dai folk songs are sung in the field, and are customarily referred to as mountain songs, with a wide range of performance content. Most of the melody has the characteristics of the mountain songs in the dam area, but rarely use the long lead cavity, drag cavity. Popular in different areas are often called by different names, such as the Dehong State, that is, Mangshi Mountain Song, Yingjiang Mountain Song, Lianghe Mountain Song, Longchuan Mountain Song, Ruili Mountain Song and other differences. The Dai folk songs sung in the song and dance activities can be roughly divided into two categories: one type is the form of song and dance, while dancing and singing, the other type of singers led by the singer, after the end, and then take the collective dance. Most of the former belongs to the section of the song, according to the same melody sung over and over again, and more rhythmic; and the latter is not subject to the limitations of the dance and improvisational singing, and has a strong narrative character.

In the love life of Dai young men and women, most of them have the tradition of "stringing girls", and most of them do it at night after labor. At this time, singing has become an important means of expressing love. These songs, commonly known as love songs or love songs. Some of them are the usual mountain songs sung in the wild. And Dehong state's young men are good at the piano and other folk instruments, playing and singing, pouring out the heart of thoughts and love curtains, most of these folk songs are sung in a soft voice, the tone of the lingering euphemistic.

In the Dai people's various traditional customary activities or ritual worship of God, are inseparable from the singing. For example, Dehong State sings "invitation to a wedding", and Jinping sings "wine song" during the banquet. Others, such as "jumping willow god" and sacrifices to the dam god, dam ghosts, etc. have special tunes. As for "chanting sutra", "fine flowers", "purifying water", "receiving precepts", etc., they are sung by Buddhist The "fine flower tune", "water purification tune", "precepts tune" and so on are sung by Buddhist men and women.

Among the Dai folk songs, many are rich in recitation and characterized by narrative. Many Dai long poems are sung by Dai singers called "Zanha" for generations. The Dai people in different parts of the world have this kind of singing activities, and usually collectively call this kind of folk songs as narrative singing. Most of these folk songs are characterized by colloquialism and adaptability to the development of the plot and changes in mood.

Among the famous Dai folk songs, the old "Zanha" Kanglang Dump of Xishuangbanna Prefecture should be mentioned first. His passionate singing style, agile and witty creative talent, and his many victories over his rivals in song contests have been chosen as the best singers in Xishuangbanna.

What is the legend of the Dai National Instrument Elephant Foot Drum Legend has it that, a long time ago, not far from the border of a cottage, lived two couples. The husband rock phase, is an honest farmer. The wife, Ye Han, not only skilled in housework, treating people kindly, but also from her father learned a set of superb martial arts. One year, the enemy often to the border to kill and loot, rock phase from his wife to learn thirty days of martial arts, hanging on the battlefield, heroic kill the enemy, defending the peace of the border, and later because of the outnumbered, died on the battlefield. Ye Han forced to endure the grief, sobbing to bury their husbands in a buried Donghan tree. Yehan was so sad that every three days. She had to go to the rock phase of the grave to pay homage once. Once, she went to the grave, just sacrifice finished, sitting under the tree thinking, suddenly heard a low and majestic song, listen carefully, the original is the side of the buried Donghan tree issued from:

The best buried than the Ou bamboo yo want to make arrows,

The best steel yo want to beat the knife,

The best horse yo want to go to war,

The best man yo want to protect the hometown!

Yehan listened to it. The sad and impassioned song, it seems to be sung by the rocky phase! The song was sung over and over again, and Ye Han was practically mesmerized by it. In the song, she seemed to see her husband, very skillfully wielded the ancestral sword, shouting to the enemy to charge. After that, every time Ye Han came to visit the grave, she could hear that familiar song. Until how many times she had heard it, she left reluctantly. Later, Ye Han thought: Since this tree can sing, this song and I never hear enough, why not cut it and carry it back, every day to hear the songs of their loved ones. So she cut down the buried Donghan tree, the root foot of the tree has a section of the empty, Yehan buried Donghan tree that section of the hollow cut down and carried home. From then on, she could hear her husband's song every day, in order to prevent dust from falling into the buried Donghan tree inside, she used a strong goatskin to wrap the upper end of the tree, with a rope tied tightly. From that time on, the Dai family learned to do the elephant foot drum. And, all of them, like Yehan made the first one, must be made from the buried Donghan tree. It must be made of rock sheepskin. And when you play the drum, you must use sticky rice to stick to the drum surface. When everything is done, hey! Just listen: "Boom bah bah bah bah bah bah bah bah bah bah bah bah bah bah bah bah bah bah bah bah bah bah bah bah bah bah bah bah bah bah bah bah bah bah bah." It is said that if you lean your head a little to the left when playing the elephant foot drum, you can still hear the powerful singing of the rock face!

What are the ethnic instruments Ethnic instruments are unique to China. Now generally popular are qin, zheng, xiao, flute, erhu, pipa, silk bamboo, drums, etc., is representative of the Chinese traditional music and culture of musical instruments.

Ethnic instruments are unique to China.

Pre-Qin period

According to excavated artifacts and documents, the pre-Qin period of musical instruments have drums, drums, drums, Ben drums, should be, the field, the county drums, bells, bells, gongs, chimes, percussions, braided pan, bells, pottery bells, Ya, Zhu, and, and, luan, reed, whistle (pottery, bone, etc.), ocarina, a, words, xiao, pipe, Chi, sheng, qin, ceramic, and so on a variety of building. In the primitive society, the appearance of musical instruments has a close connection with myths and legends, praying to the gods and sacrifices, folk dances, labor life and so on. Into the class society, musical instruments in addition to religious, ceremonial and other occasions, mainly for the ruler to enjoy entertainment. In the musical instrument production on the exquisite luxury, the scale is getting bigger and bigger, such as "Lv's Spring and Autumn Annals? Extravagant music" contained: "Xia Jie, Yin Zhou as extravagant music, drums, bells, chimes, tubes, xiao sound, to huge for the United States, to the crowd for the view; m bizarre and different gems, the ear has not been heard, the eye has not been seen, and the business to be over, do not think about the measure."

Qin, Han and Wei Jin period

At that time, the emergence of musical instruments are mainly zheng, pipa (Qin Hanzi and Ruan Xian two different forms), flute, square ringing, Khonghou Thur (i.e., lying Konghou). The zheng, pipa, and flute were the accompaniment instruments for the Song of Xianghe. In this historical period, the number of foreign musical instruments absorbed was quite large, for example, with the introduction of drum and wind music, wind instruments such as reed, horn, zhongming, changming, qiang flute, etc. were also used. Due to the interaction with the western cultures, the imported musical instruments mainly include vertical konghou, Persian lute (i.e. Qu Xiang Pipa), Wicker bamboos, etc. The vertical konghou is also a Persian musical instrument. The vertical konghou is also a Persian instrument, which was introduced to China during the Wei and Jin dynasties. The lute was introduced to Gansu through India and Xinjiang around 350 A.D. According to "Liang Shu? According to the "Liang Shu", at least in 551 AD (North and South Dynasties) has been introduced to the south.

Musical instruments in the Sui and Tang dynasties

In the Sui and Tang dynasties, the number of musical instruments increased dramatically due to further cultural exchanges in the western regions. Especially drum instruments, which may be due to the development of song and dance music. Percussion instruments are brass cymbals, clapper boards, section drums, staff drums, waist drums, feather program drums, drums, rafter drums, qi drums, tandem drums, capricorn drums, duttan drums, Maomo members of the drum, the drums of the answer to the drums, chicken Lou drums and other more than 30 kinds; stringed instruments have a one-stringed zither, three-stringed, Lagenaria zither, rolled the zither, the wind head konghou, five-stringed lute, Xiqin and other more than 20 kinds; wind instruments have a block xiao, YiZhou flute, forked-handed flute, the Taiping tube, Peach Skin Picnic poles and other more than 20 kinds. The important change in musical instruments in this period is the emergence of stringed instruments rolling zither and Xiqin, opened up a new field of musical instruments.

Song, Yuan, Ming, Qing

This period of stringed instruments have outstanding changes and development, following the Xiqin, the Song Dynasty has appeared in the horse tail huqin. Recorded in the Huqin, Ruan, five-stringed Ruan, Yueqin, Hu Luqin, Bohaiqin, fire not Si, two strings, Dambula, Kitar, Labab, violin, Harzak, Yangqin and more than 50 kinds of (in fact, the existence of stringed instruments in the folk category is far from this). Blowpipe instruments Jin, Yuan period from the north into the suona (also known as JinKouJiao, SuoNai, suona which), according to the drum and blowpipe music performance combination of the form of another major change, from the tone, volume and style of the drum and blowpipe music further enriched the performance. Suona was initially used in military music. For example, Wang Pan of the Ming Dynasty wrote "Mr. Wang Xilou's Music" in the loose song "Towards the Son of Heaven? The trumpet: "The trumpet, suona, the song is small and the accent is big, the official ships come and go in chaos, all because of you to raise the price. The army is worried and the people are afraid. Where to do what really **** fake? Seeing the blowing over the family, blowing hurt that family, only blowing the water out of the goose fly away!" According to the records of Wang Qi's "Sancai Tuhui", suona has been applied to the folk in the Ming Dynasty.

Body sound instruments

(1) Percussive body sound instruments: Dingdong, wooden stick piano, rhyming board, kino bamboo tube, bamboo tube piano, gongs, bells, singles, copper drums, and so on.

(2) Mutual percussive body sounding instruments: stick, copper mirror, bamboo bang, bamboo bar, cymbal, Buya, breast cymbal, head cymbal, two cymbals, cymbal, cymbal, big cymbal, Sine, cymbal, small cymbal, touch the cup, touch the bell, the waist bell, Kousuoqe, the bench, the stone, it Shi, it Shi, the bone boards, and so on.

(3) drop hit body sound musical instruments: pestle and mortar, bamboo pounding tube, bamboo tube, Yao bamboo tube, Aga, and so on.

(4) shaking body sound musical instruments: Lianhanguang stick, Sabayi, Reba bells, disk bells, vajra bells, Yao bells, shaman bells, shaking bells, string bells, copper bells, eight treasures of the copper bells, the master knife, and so on.

(5) comprehensive playing body sounding instruments: bamboo reed, Chuan to, iron reed, Xibo iron reed, and so on.

Membrane sounding musical instruments

(1) flogging membrane sounding musical instruments: drums, Zhuang species Lao, Yao drums, water ...... >>