There are five human virtues. What do they refer to?

The five Confucianisms refer to the five kinds of human relationships and speech and behavioral norms in ancient China. That is, the ancient people called the five kinds of human relationships between ruler and subject, father and son, brother, husband and wife, and friends. The five relationships are loyalty, filial piety, fraternal duty, patience, and goodness.

Lun, human ethics, is the moral relationship between people. According to Mencius, there is a bond of flesh and blood between father and son, a way of propriety and righteousness between ruler and minister, love between husband and wife but with internal and external differences, an order of seniority and inferiority between the young and the old, and the virtue of honesty and integrity between friends, which is the reason and code of conduct for the relationship between people.

The so-called "Five Luns" are the relationship between father and son, between husband and wife, between the young and the old, between honor and superiority, and between friends and integrity. The relationship of kinship and respect among the five Luns is precisely the five kinds of kinship and distinction, order and righteousness and faith, which naturally form the ethical rules among people and constitute the human world of the whole Chinese world.

Therefore, in the five Chinese human worlds, wisdom is worshipped. Yet it cannot be the wisdom of cunning; either is the wisdom of the innate. Knowledge is the realization of the self, and wisdom is the realization in the other. So it is said that knowledge and wisdom are a practice of the Way. Subsequently, the essence of the Tao is discussed one by one.