Harm of phosphorus pollution

There are about 300 phosphorus chemical production enterprises in China, with more than 10,000 employees 10, and the fixed assets have reached about 6 billion yuan, accounting for about 20% of the total chemical fixed assets in China. The main products are phosphate rock, sulfuric acid, ordinary superphosphate, calcium magnesium phosphate, superphosphate, yellow phosphorus, red phosphorus, phosphoric acid (including industrial grade and food grade), sodium tripolyphosphate, calcium hydrogen phosphate (including feed grade and toothpaste grade), phosphorus trichloride, phosphorus pentasulfide, trisodium phosphate, zinc phosphide, aluminum phosphide, phosphorus-containing pesticides, organophosphorus water stabilizer, metal phosphide and so on. China's phosphorus chemical industry not only provides a lot of material wealth for the society, but also produces a lot of pollutants, mainly waste gas and dust, wastewater and solid waste (referred to as "three wastes"). Many toxic and harmful substances in these pollutants have entered the atmosphere, and rivers, lakes, oceans and land have become one of the most important environmental pollution sources in China.

1. Exhaust gas and dust. The waste gas produced by phosphorus chemical industry in the production process mainly includes carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, carbon dioxide, hydrogen fluoride, silicon tetrafluoride, phosphine, hydrogen sulfide and so on. , but also produce some dust.

Carbon monoxide (CO) is a colorless, odorless and flammable toxic gas. Yellow phosphorus tail gas is the main source of carbon monoxide. Therefore, it is urgent to prevent global warming caused by carbon dioxide gas.

Sulfur dioxide (SO2) is a colorless and suffocating gas with a slight odor, and it is also one of the main substances that pollute the atmosphere.

2. Waste water. A large number of wastewater containing toxic and harmful substances such as phosphorus, fluorine, sulfur, chlorine, arsenic, alkali and uranium will be produced in the processing and production of phosphorus chemical industry. Yellow phosphorus wastewater is produced in the process of yellow phosphorus production, containing 50~390 mg/L of yellow phosphorus. Yellow phosphorus is a highly toxic substance, which will do great harm to the liver and other organs after entering the human body. Drinking phosphorus-containing water for a long time will lead to osteoporosis and mandibular necrosis. Yellow phosphorus wastewater also contains 68~270 mg/L fluoride, which can be reduced to 15~40 mg/L after treatment, but it is still higher than the national discharge standard10 mg/L.

3. Solid waste. The solid wastes produced in the production of phosphorus chemical industry mainly include mine tailings and waste rocks; Phosphorus slag, crushed ore, fine ore, phosphorus sludge and ferrophosphorus discharged from yellow phosphorus production; Phosphogypsum produced in wet-process phosphoric acid production; Pyrite slag discharged from sulfuric acid production, blast furnace slag of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, etc. These solid wastes are accumulated in factories for a long time, which not only occupies a lot of land, but also causes serious pollution to the surrounding environment. Therefore, the treatment and utilization of these solid wastes is a realistic problem that must be solved in the phosphorus chemical industry at present.