What medicine is best for bronchial asthma and how to eradicate it?

Asthma is a common respiratory disease, which is characterized by chronic inflammatory reaction in the airway. Symptoms mainly include wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness or cough.

Drugs for asthma mainly include:

1, glucocorticoid: it is the most effective drug to control asthma at present. Can be divided into inhalation administration, oral administration and intravenous administration. Inhalation of glucocorticoid has less systemic adverse reactions and has become the first choice for long-term treatment of asthma. Commonly used drugs include beclomethasone, budesonide, fluticasone, ciclesonide and mometasone. Oral drugs include prednisone and prednisolone, which are used for patients who are ineffective in inhaled hormones or need short-term intensive treatment. Severe or severe asthma attacks should be treated by intravenous injection of hormones as soon as possible, and hydrocortisone succinate or methylprednisolone can be used. Dexamethasone has a long half-life in vivo and many adverse reactions, so it should be used with caution.

2. β _ 2 receptor agonist: It mainly stimulates airway β _ 2 receptor to relax bronchi and relieve asthma symptoms. It can be divided into short-acting β2 receptor agonists and long-acting β2 receptor agonists. Short-acting β _ 2 receptor agonist is the first choice for the treatment of acute asthma attack, including inhalation, oral administration and intravenous administration, with inhalation being the first choice. Commonly used drugs are salbutamol and terbutaline, and inhalants are quantitative aerosol, dry powder and atomized solution. The main adverse reactions were palpitation, skeletal muscle tremor and hypokalemia. The combination of long-acting β2 receptor agonist and inhaled glucocorticoid is the most commonly used asthma control drug at present. The commonly used long-acting β2 receptor agonists are salmeterol and formoterol.

3. Leukotriene modulator: It is the only asthma control drug that can be used alone except inhaled glucocorticoid at present. It can be used as a substitute for inhaled corticosteroids for mild asthma, and can also be used as a combined therapeutic drug for moderate and severe asthma, especially for asthma patients with aspirin asthma, exercise asthma and allergic rhinitis. Commonly used drugs are montelukast and zalukast. The main adverse reactions are gastrointestinal symptoms, and a few of them have rash, vascular edema and elevated transaminase, which can return to normal after stopping the drug.

4, theophylline drugs: oral use for acute attack of mild to moderate asthma and asthma maintenance treatment, commonly used drugs are aminophylline and sustained-release theophylline. Intravenous administration is mainly used for severe and critical asthma. The main adverse reactions of theophylline are nausea, vomiting, arrhythmia, decreased blood pressure and polyuria, which can occasionally excite the respiratory center and even cause convulsions and even death in severe cases. Use with caution for patients with fever, pregnancy, children or the elderly, liver, heart and kidney insufficiency and hyperthyroidism.

5, anticholinergic drugs: divided into short-acting anticholinergic drugs and long-acting anticholinergic drugs. Short-acting anticholinergic drugs are mainly used to treat acute asthma attack, and isopropyl bromide is commonly used. Long-acting anticholinergic drugs are mainly used for the long-term treatment of asthma complicated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and COPD patients, and tiotropium bromide is commonly used.

6. Anti-IgE antibody: It is mainly used for severe asthma patients whose symptoms are still not controlled and their serum IgE level is increased after inhalation of glucocorticoid and long-acting β2 receptor agonist.

7. Anti-IL-5 therapy: Anti-IL-5 monoclonal antibody can reduce the acute attack of asthma, improve the quality of life of patients, and has a good therapeutic effect on asthma patients with eosinophilia.

At present, asthma can not be cured, but long-term standardized treatment can make the condition well controlled, so once it is diagnosed as asthma, it should be treated according to the doctor's advice. Avoid contact with allergens that may induce asthma in daily life, such as cleaning quilts and sheets regularly; Avoid eating allergic foods such as shrimp and crabs.