What was the structure, layout and size of Zhenghe Dabao Fu Boat in Ming Dynasty?

The author recalls that in commemorating and studying Zheng He's voyages to the West, the role of Zheng He's treasure ship was gradually valued by scholars from all walks of life, and the research and academic debate on the history of ship science and technology in Zheng He's era was gradually launched, but there were still many blank areas. 1982-85, in order to commemorate the 580th anniversary of Zheng He's voyage to the West, the restoration research and production of Zheng He's Dabao ship model were vigorously organized. In the 1990s, the restoration research and production of Zheng He's various ship system models were important academic achievements in the history of navigation and ship science and technology. However, the research on the structure and supporting facilities of the ancient ship is still very weak, and the requirements for truly restoring the ancient ship have not been completed. The author suggests taking the opportunity of commemorating the 600th anniversary of the voyage to the West as an opportunity to attract more experts in shipbuilding, history and navigation at home and abroad on the basis of previous studies, promote the research on Zheng He's ancient ship technology, fully tap the historical materials and cultural relics at home and abroad, and enrich the connotation of Zheng He's research from the aspects of the whole ship and supporting facilities. The author also suggests making a large-scale anatomical model of Zheng He's treasure ship in whole or in part (stern) through restoration research, and collecting some existing research results as the key exhibits of commemorative exhibitions, so as to strive to build an ancient ship imitating Zheng He in the Ming Dynasty and cooperate with commemorative activities to promote the development of marine economy, tourism and cultural industries. 1. Suggest vigorously investigating, discovering, excavating and salvaging Zheng He's ancient ships and related cultural relics. In China, ancient ships have been unearthed in Quanzhou in the Southern Song Dynasty (about 30 meters long), Penglai in the late Yuan Dynasty (about 32.2 meters long) and Xiangshan in the Ming Dynasty (about 27.6 meters long), but the official ships and warships of Zheng He and Zheng Chenggong in the Ming Dynasty have not been discovered or excavated. In 2000, the remains of Zheng Chenggong's warship were found in the East Valley of Dongshan Island, Fujian Province. Cultural relics departments at all levels have copied them to the unit for excavation, but construction has not yet officially started. 10 In 1992, a crowd portrait of10, including Zheng He and his deputy envoys, was unearthed in Xianying Palace, Changle City, Fujian Province. The crown, robes and costumes are all from the Ming Dynasty. So far, a new temple has been built on the ground, but no special identification has been organized for the identity and age of the statue. Are there any clues about the sinking of Zheng He's ship at home and abroad? There are no specific arrangements for further investigation. In short, in order to prepare for the 600th anniversary of Zheng He's voyage to the West in 2005, it seems that academic research should not stop at the integration of historical materials and papers made since 1985, but should make progress in the discovery and excavation of historical relics. More importantly, efforts should be made to promote overseas Chinese and foreign scholars to collect new historical relics extensively in areas and sea areas where Zheng He may reach, so as to make up for the domestic shortage. We should also make full use of gavin menzies's new book, 142 1, The World Changed From Now on, which has some new insights on Zheng He's maritime achievements and will be published in 2002. There are also 1999 interviews with Taiwan Province classic magazines, Li Jingjing and young journalists, and18 reports of Fan Chunge, a female reporter of Wuhan Evening News, visiting Asia and Africa in February 2000, so as to promote the research and commemoration of Zheng He in the world in the 2nd1century. 2. It is suggested to resume the study of the whole ship model with 2000 materials (about 1: 10). According to the research and discussion by academicians and Professor Xin Yuanou from Shanghai Jiaotong University, Professor Tang Zhiba from Naval Engineering University cooperated with antique experts from Fujian Institute of Shipbuilding and Ocean Engineering, and the School of Communications of Wuhan University of Technology also organized the demonstration and scheme design. Now the schemes of Zheng He's ancient ship with four masts, two auxiliary masts, 12 sails and five masts and eight sails have been put forward respectively. According to the illustrations at the front of the Tian Fei Classic and Zheng He's nautical chart, and referring to the "closed boat" and "Tang boat" painted in the late Ming Dynasty, their shapes are determined as small square bow, wide flat bow, upturned ends, short bow (second floor), short bow (first floor) and high bow. Its structure will refer to the ancient Penglai ship unearthed at the end of Yuan Dynasty and the Xiangshan seagoing ship in Ming Dynasty. Ships should also absorb the characteristics of coastal folk "lucky ships" that have been passed down to this day, and fully embody the style of ancient ships in China. Its mast, sail, rope, paddle, fin, rudder, anchor, bell, gong, drum, flag, lamp, gun, spear and so on. , must be restored. Its significance lies in guiding the history of ship science and technology to comprehensively study the ancient ships of Ming Dynasty, promoting the careful design of the ancient ships, ensuring that the restored ship models are truly antique, and filling the gap that all the four Zheng He memorial halls in China have only small ship models and have not restored large ship models; The internal structure and layout of ancient ships can not be seen on the ship model, so it is difficult to feel the shortcomings of ancient magnificent ships. We can also strive to provide large-scale ship models that can be displayed indoors or outdoors for the Zheng He Historical Relics Exhibition Hall being expanded in Changle City, Fujian Province, or the Zheng He Memorial Hall planned to be built overseas, or the Zheng He Memorial Hall planned to be relocated in Taicang City, Jiangsu Province. 3. It is suggested that on the basis of the above-mentioned restoration mode, we should strive to build a replica of Zheng He's treasure ship and a lighter replica of Zheng He's seat ship for antique tourism fairs. It is preliminarily assumed that its captain is 60.5 meters and 38 meters respectively, and its displacement is 1250 tons and 360 tons respectively. Its overall layout is divided into antique viewing area, tourist activity area and crew work area. The structure of this ship is steel, but it is decorated with wood. So that the antique effect can be reflected from the appearance to the cabin entering the viewing area and visiting Zheng He's historical exhibition of voyages to the West. Its function is to sail along the coast and dock at various ports for memorial, sightseeing and education. It can also carry passengers along the coast in the port area, and hold various academic exchanges, scientific and technological exhibitions, economic and trade exhibitions, cultural performances and tourism and entertainment activities in the antique multi-function hall on board. The performance, structure, system and device of the ship meet the requirements of modern shipbuilding and navigation, and integrate ancient and modern technology and culture. This imitation "Treasure Ship of Zheng He" or "Ship of Zheng He" is planned to be completed before the end of 2004, and it will sail into Shanghai Port on the anniversary stipulated in July 2005. It is suggested that it should be regarded as a part of "Shanghai International Ocean Expo to commemorate the 600th anniversary of Zheng He's voyage to the West", and the opening ceremony of ship naming, flag awarding, display and exhibition should be held at the same time in the style of the Expo, so that the activities of Shanghai Ocean Expo can be combined with land and water venues. Moreover, from the water point of view, it is connected with historical famous ports such as Taicang Port in Jiangsu and Changle Port in Fujian during Zheng He's voyage to the West, and it will be more distinctive and exciting than the International Sea Expo held in Portugal during the International Year of the Ocean from 65438 to 0998. After this "treasure ship of Zheng He" or "boat of Zheng He" is displayed in Shanghai, it can also organize direct cruise ships between the mainland and Hong Kong and Taiwan to link the activities of Chinese people on both sides of the Taiwan Strait to commemorate Zheng He's voyage to the West. Then organize a visit to foreign ports, re-take Zheng He's voyage to the West, and reproduce the elegant demeanor of "Silk Porcelain Road on the Sea". You can also hold a maritime mobile Expo all the year round to publicize peaceful and friendly exchanges between the world's oceans, carry forward the splendid historical and cultural traditions of the Chinese nation, strengthen the domestic public's awareness of opening up to the sea, enhance the cohesion of Chinese people who love the motherland around the world, expand the influence of China and the Chinese nation in the world, and cope with the excellent situation of further opening up after China's accession to the WTO. After 1950s, about 20 famous ancient ships in the world were restored and imitated. As a famous ship in ancient China, "Treasure Ship of Zheng He" or "Left Ship of Zheng He" will have great influence and create a lot of business opportunities. As long as the operation is clever, there will be great economic benefits. The treasure ship scale and fleet scale of Zheng He's fleet are unprecedented in the world navigation and ship history. 1492, Columbus sailed to America with a fleet of 90 people and 3 ships. The maximum displacement is less than100t, and the minimum displacement is only 40t. D 'Gama's fleet bound for India is *** 160, with four ships, the maximum carrying capacity is 120 tons, and the length is less than 25m. Magellan's fleet travels around the world, with 256 people and 5 ships. The maximum displacement is 130 tons, and the rest is 60-90 tons. In contrast, Zheng Hebao's large treasure ship has a displacement of about seven or eight thousand tons, and the medium treasure ship has more than one thousand tons, which was also the first in the world at that time. The significance of repairing Zheng He's ancient ship can be imagined. The idea of sailing across the Taiwan Strait and traveling around the world on Zheng He's treasure ship is expected to come true with the efforts of Chinese all over the world. 4. It is suggested that the anatomical model of large-scale (about 1: 15) section at the stern should be reconstructed according to the scale and ship type of the bulk treasure ship. This large model is enough to show the vertical and horizontal structure of wooden boats, ancient shipbuilding technology, ship-handling propulsion devices such as rudder and paddle, flashing board (i.e. waist rudder), Taiping basket (made of bamboo, which is usually hung at the stern to throw stones into the water through rough waves), Shui Mu (located on both sides of the bottom of the boat, similar to keel) and other deck anti-rolling devices and mast sail devices. You can also show the layout and internal furnishings of the "god hall", "needle room", head door, official hall, back hall and study room on the "ceiling" (deck or platform) of the tail building as a superstructure. The rear main mast can also be equipped with main sails, headscarves, flower arrangements and other sails, as well as winches and "observation barrels"; Number belts, Zhengziqi, mast flag, people's flag, lanterns and lanterns can be hung on the mast. There are also audio signal devices such as gongs, drums, drums and speakers on the top "ceiling" and "general platform". This large-scale model of Zheng He's treasure ship or the full-scale model in 2000 can be used as the indoor key large-scale exhibit of the "600th Anniversary Exhibition of Zheng He's Sailing to the Western Seas" held by the China History Museum, which shows many academic achievements in China's navigation and ship history research, reflects the achievements of Zheng He's scientific navigation and ancient ship civilization, and makes up for the shortcomings of the original unearthed cultural relics, especially marine and ship cultural relics. It can also be used in Shanghai International Ocean Expo to show the public at home and abroad a more intuitive grand image of Zheng He's ancient ship "invincible". 5. It is suggested that China's sailboats imitating the Ming Dynasty style should have strong characteristics of ancient ships in China, with excellent performance, exquisite craftsmanship and firm structure; The ship's communication, navigation, lifesaving, fire fighting and other facilities are in line with the international modernization level, so as to adapt to the development prospect of maritime exploration in the world and China. Ming 100 was one of the lightest clippers before and after Zheng He's voyage to the West. South Boat and Longjiang Shipyard are all recorded. This is a sloop with a small official building in the middle. Whether this ship type can be used as the mother type of antique sailboat remains to be tested by the navigation industry and shipbuilding technology. All these proposals require funds. If we strengthen our organization and leadership, unite with many enthusiastic people at home and abroad, we will win considerable cooperation in fund-raising. If we want to have an appropriate unit to take the lead in undertaking them, we don't need to ask the government for investment. Some projects want to catch up with the anniversary of 2005, that is, the 600th anniversary of Zheng He's voyage to the West. Some of them will be gradually realized after the 600th anniversary according to the progress of restoration research and market operation, which is also a sincere and continuous commemoration and research activity combining the development of marine economy and culture. (