What are some examples of logical fallacies?

1, scarecrow.

You distort others' opinions and make it easier for you to attack others.

You exaggerate, distort and even create other people's views out of nothing to make your own views more reasonable. This is an extremely dishonest behavior, which not only affects rational discussion, but also affects the credibility of one's own views. Because if you can distort other people's views negatively, you may distort your own views positively.

Example: Xiaoming said that the state should invest more budget to develop the education industry. Xiaohong replied: "I didn't expect you to be so unpatriotic and want to reduce defense spending so that foreign powers can take advantage of it."

? Xiaohong committed the scarecrow fallacy. ?

2. Wrong attribution. ?

You can draw the conclusion that one thing is the cause of another from the possible connection between two things.

When you see two things exist at the same time, you will feel that one of them is the cause of the other. Your mistake is that two things that exist at the same time may not have a causal relationship. Maybe these two things have the same cause, or there is no causal relationship at all. Their direct existence is just a coincidence. Just because one thing happens before another does not mean that there must be a causal relationship between the two things.

Example: Xiaohong pointed out that in the past few centuries, the number of global pirates has decreased and the global temperature has increased, which leads to the conclusion that the decrease in the number of pirates causes climate change and pirates can reduce the global temperature. Xiaohong committed the fallacy of wrong attribution. ?

3. Appeal to feelings. ?

You try to replace a strong argument by manipulating other people's feelings.

The emotions you manipulate may include fear, jealousy, pity, pride and so on. A logical and rigorous exposition may cause other people's emotional fluctuations, but if you only use emotional operation instead of logical exposition, you will make the mistake of appealing to feelings. Everyone who is mentally healthy will be affected by feelings, so this fallacy is very effective, but this is also why this fallacy is a low-level dishonest means.

Example: Xiaohong saw Xiaoming eating dog meat in the restaurant, so he went forward and reprimanded him: "How can you eat dog meat? The puppy is so cute, just like a child. Do you have the heart to hurt a child? "

? Xiaohong committed the fallacy of appealing to feelings. ?

4. Fallacy and fallacy. ?

When you see that the level of others' argument is very low, or that others' argument is fallacious, you think that others' views must be wrong.

Many times, the winner of the debate is not because of the correct point of view, but because of better debate skills. As a rational person, you can't think that other people's views must be wrong just because they are fallacious or wrong.

Example: An advocate of healthy diet published an absurd diet theory on TV to promote the concept of healthy diet. Xiaohong felt that healthy eating was deceptive after reading it, so she began to overeat every day. Xiaohong made a mistake. ?

5. Landslide fallacy.

You act like if A happens, then Z will happen, which means A shouldn't happen. ?

You don't discuss the present thing (a), but shift the focus of discussion to the imaginary extreme thing (z). Because you haven't given any evidence to prove that the occurrence of A will definitely lead to the occurrence of extreme things Z, which is a fallacy of resorting to fear and also affects the objectivity of people discussing A?

Example: Xiaohong opposes gay marriage because she thinks that if we allow gay marriage, then someone will want to marry a table or chair. Xiaohong committed the fallacy of landslide. ?