How to look at the three major components in the ancient and modern form of eastern and western architectural form of reflection

The difference between Chinese and Western architectural forms is a manifestation of cultural difference, which reflects the difference in material and natural environment, the difference in the form of social structure, the difference in the method of human thinking and the difference in the aesthetic realm. From the process of cultural formation, architecture is a synthesis of many kinds of contradictions, which is mainly manifested in two aspects: architecture is the accumulation and continuation of cultures through the ages, which is a kind of solidified culture, and it is a kind of cultural state that can be seen by the contemporary people with their own eyes, and preserved for a long period of time; on the other hand, architecture is a kind of culture that is ahead of its time, which requires the architects to be prescient and to have a vision, and the various kinds of specific planning and designing should leave room for change, not to say change, and not to say change, and not to say change. On the other hand, architecture is a forward-looking culture, which requires architects to have foresight and vision. Therefore, studying the differences between Chinese and Western cultures and exploring architecture from a broad cultural perspective can not only improve people's spiritual civilization, but also promote exchanges between different cultural spheres. In the following, we will mainly focus on four aspects: building materials, architectural space layout, garden architecture and palace architecture to introduce the differences between the two! The difference in building materials reflects the difference in material culture and philosophical concepts between China and the West. From the point of view of building materials, before the creation of modern architecture, all of the world's mature architectural systems, including Indian architecture, which belongs to the Oriental architecture, basically, are built with masonry as the main building materials, belonging to the masonry structure system. Such as the Egyptian pyramids, temples in ancient Greece, the Colosseum in ancient Rome, aqueducts, medieval European churches ...... are not built of stone, is not the "stone history book" left in the history of the witness. Only China's classical architecture (including neighboring Japan, Korea and other regions) is made of wood to do the main frame of the house, belonging to the wooden structure system, and therefore known as "the history of the wood book". The choice of materials for Chinese and Western architecture is not only due to different natural factors, but more importantly, it is the result of different cultures and concepts, and is a general reflection of different mentalities in architecture. The primitive economy of the West, which is mainly based on hunting, creates a primitive mentality that emphasizes the importance of materials. From the affirmation of Westerners on stone, we can see that Westerners seek wisdom and truth in the spirit of rationality, in the relationship between man and nature, emphasizing that man is the master of the world, man's power and wisdom can overcome everything. China's primitive agriculture-based economy has created a civilization that emphasizes selection, collection, and storage. The traditional Chinese philosophy that grew out of this was the cosmology of "the unity of heaven and man". The "unity of heaven and man" is a revelation of the relationship between man and nature, nature and man are closely connected as a whole, and man is a link in the natural world. The Chinese choose wood as the basic building material, which is precisely the result of emphasizing the affinity between it and life, and emphasizing the relationship between its characteristics and life. The different layout of architectural space reflects the difference between Chinese and Western institutional culture and character traits. From the point of view of spatial layout of buildings, Chinese buildings are closed groups of spatial patterns, spread on the ground plane. No matter what kind of buildings in China, from houses to palaces, almost all of them have the same pattern, similar to the "courtyard" pattern. The beauty of Chinese architecture is also a "collective" beauty. For example; Beijing Ming and Qing palaces, the Thirteen Tombs of the Ming Dynasty, the Confucius Temple in Qufu, that is, with heavy sets of courtyards and constitute a large-scale complex, a variety of buildings before and after the left and right there are masters and guests arranged in a regular manner, reflecting the ancient social structure of China's ancient form of inward-looking characteristics of the patriarchal ideology and the system of rituals and religions. In contrast to China, Western architecture is an open and monolithic spatial pattern that develops towards the sky. Comparing the Forbidden City in Beijing and the Louvre in Paris, which were built and expanded in similar years, the former is a magnificent, imposing architectural group composed of thousands of individual houses, forming a series of courtyards around the axis, with an unusually large plan spread; the latter adopts the upward expansion of "volume" and vertical stacking of huge and varied shapes to form a towering structure. The latter adopts "volume" upward expansion and vertical stacking, by the huge and rich in changes in the form, forming a towering, majestic and spectacular whole. Moreover, from the beginning of the ancient Greek and Roman city states, the extensive use of colonnades, doors and windows, to increase the exchange of information and transparency, to the external space to surround the building, in order to highlight the physical image of the building. This is related to the fact that Westerners had frequent interactions with each other through sea travel from a very early stage, and that slave democracies were practiced within their societies. The outward-looking character of ancient Greece and the spirit of science and democracy influenced not only ancient Rome, but also the whole Western world. At the same time, if Chinese architecture occupied the ground, Western architecture occupied the space, for example, the Colosseum in Rome was 48 meters high, the Pantheon was 43.5 meters high, and the medieval cathedral of Hagia Sophia had a central nave with a vaulted roof 60 meters above the ground. Renaissance architecture in the most brilliant works of St. Peter's Basilica, high 137 buildings certainly reflect the fervor of Westerners to worship the gods, but more is the use of advanced scientific and technological achievements to give people a kind of spirit of upward mobility. The difference in the development of architecture shows the difference in the attitudes of China and the West towards innovation. From the architectural development process, Chinese architecture is conservative. According to the literature, the form of Chinese buildings and the materials used have remained unchanged for 3000 years. Unlike China, Western architecture has always sought change, and its structures and materials have evolved more dramatically. It has been more than 2,500 years since the first temples appeared on the Acropolis in Greece, during which time the architectural forms of the whole of European antiquity have been constantly evolving and changing. From the classical columns of Ancient Greece to the arches and vaults of Ancient Rome, from the pointed coupons, cross arches and flying buttresses of Gothic architecture to the St. Peter's Basilica in Rome during the Renaissance era, there have been great changes in terms of the image, proportions, decorations, and spatial layouts. This reflects the spirit of Westerners, who dared to be original and innovative. Different architectural values, showing the difference between Chinese and Western aesthetic concepts. From the point of view of architectural value, Chinese architecture focuses on information, while Western architecture focuses on real objects. The structure of ancient Chinese architecture did not rely on calculations, quantitative analysis, or formal logic of conception, but was taught by masters and apprentices, by words, by practice, and by experience. Our understanding of ancient architecture, especially before the Tang Dynasty, is mostly based on information from literature. The tombs of the emperors and the houses of the people were operated according to the principles of Feng Shui and the five elements. In order to seek harmony with heaven and earth and all natural things, in order to tend to good fortune and avoid bad luck, and attract wealth and good fortune, in the borrowing of the power of the landscape, the settlement building seat by the mountains, facing the plains. This kind of "observing astronomy from above and geography from below" is a unique culture in China. The geometrical aesthetics and mathematical logic pioneered by Pythagoras and Euclid in ancient Greece, and the rationalist "harmonious aesthetics" of "wholeness" and "order" laid down by Aristotle have brought about a decisive influence on the structure of the whole Western civilization. The rationalist "harmonious aesthetics" of "unity" and "order" laid down by Aristotle had a decisive influence on the structure of the whole Western civilization, and all the sciences and arts had their destinies determined by this concept. Turning to the history of Western architecture, it is not difficult to find that the sense of shape of Western architectural beauty is in fact geometric; the shape of the Parthenon in Athens has two squares as the "control line"; the dome of the Pantheon in Rome can be embedded into a 43.3-meter-diameter sphere from the top of the dome to the ground; the "control line" of the Milan Cathedral is a square; and the "control line" of the Milan Cathedral is a square; the "control line" of the Milan Cathedral is a square. The "control line" of the Milan Cathedral is a square triangle, and the fa?ade of the Arc de Triomphe in Paris is a square, while its central arch and the "control line" are two full circles. Even like gardening, flowers, plants and trees and other natural objects, after artificial pruning, deliberate carving, also presented a neat and orderly geometric pattern, it is free of nature with its natural, mastering the natural "artificial beauty", with the Chinese garden that "although made by man, just like from the sky Chinese gardens that "although made by man, just like from heaven" natural mood, forming a sharp contrast. As early as 2000 years ago in ancient Rome, Augustus period of architectural theorist Vitruvius in his famous "building ten books" put forward the "applicable, strong, beautiful" this classic three elements of the building point of view, by the descendants as a guideline for generations. 17th century, the early architect Henry Wooten put forward the excellent building must have three conditions; "strong, strong, beautiful", and the Chinese garden that "although made by heaven" natural mood, forming a sharp contrast. The early 17th century architect Henry Wooden suggested that a good building must have three qualities; "solidity, utility, and pleasure." Westerners regard "solidity" and "practicality" as the first and second principles for evaluating good buildings. Therefore, when the ancient buildings in China are destroyed or "disappear" with the passage of time, the ancient Greek, Roman and Egyptian buildings in the West are still well preserved, interpreting their own cultures with real objects. Through the comparison of Chinese and Western architecture, we can see the differences in conceptual culture, institutional culture and material culture between China and the West. Differences between Chinese and Western architecture The basic differences between Chinese and Western architecture since the 17th century, which has the longest history, the widest geographical distribution, and the most obvious styles, are divided into five aspects: differences in building materials, differences in spatial layout, differences in the development of architecture, differences in the value of architecture, and differences in the aesthetic interests of architecture. Architecture (including neighboring Japan, Korea and other regions) is known as "the history book of wood", the power and wisdom can overcome everything. Western thought and culture is more of a stone-like honesty, simplicity, hardness, and robustness. The result. Chinese thought and culture have more in common with the meticulousness, depth, toughness and softness of wood. The difference between the layout of the Western architecture and the institutional culture and character traits of the Chinese system. From the space of the building Western architecture is open monolithic spatial pattern to the development of high altitude. The difference in architectural development has remained unchanged for 3000 years. In terms of architectural value, it is based on experience. Western architectural beauty is in fact a sense of geometric form The beauty of harmony and the beauty of confrontation The artistic style of traditional Chinese architecture is based on the beauty of "harmony" The aesthetic and psychological feelings of cordiality, warmth, leisure and comfort. Most of the traditional Chinese architecture is to the plane to expand the group cloth Western classical architecture of the art style focuses on the expression of the beauty of confrontation between man and nature. Closed and open closed, introverted, hidden and in sharp contrast. Western architecture from the front in one direction to get the main impression of the Chinese palace building to be in the air overlooking the closed, depressing feeling. Differences between Chinese and Western architectural cultures Abstract: This paper focuses on the differences between Chinese and Western architectural cultures in terms of building materials, building colors, architectural space layout, and architectural shapes, and analyzes the differences between traditional Chinese and Western architectural cultures by comparing the differences between the Chinese and Western cultures, so as to make clear the basic differences between Chinese and Western architectures, and to strengthen exchanges and sustainable development between various cultural spheres. The study will clarify the basic differences between Chinese and Western architecture and strengthen the communication and sustainable development between various cultures. Keywords: Chinese and Western architectural culture, building materials, architectural color, architectural space layout, architectural shape, analysis of the differences between Chinese and Western traditional architectural culture Main text: Chinese culture emphasizes on human beings, Chinese culture emphasizes on morality and art, and Chinese culture emphasizes on fusion, integration, and emphasizes on coexistence and oneness. The differences in culture and tradition are reflected in the architectural style, which is the difference between Chinese and Western architectural culture. Western culture emphasizes things, the West is more important to science and religion, the West is important to different times or a variety of schools of thought of the unique spirit.