Introduction of Miao costumes! Urgent! Be specific! ! ! ! ! ! ! !

Miao costumes are diverse and colorful. In the Biography of Nanman in the later Han Dynasty, there is a record of Miao people's "good five-color clothes" (Wuxidi: now Xiangxi is at the junction with Guizhou, Sichuan and Hubei, so there are Wuxidi in the territory); Du Fu, a great poet in the Tang Dynasty, also wrote a famous poem "The sky is clothed by five streams". There are more than 100 styles of Miao women's wear, which is the highest in China. Miao costume is a symbol of primitive Miao nationality, a stub of rules and history, a silent almanac, and a silent language and symbol.

Miao costumes have regional differences due to gender, age and marital status, but they have maintained a traditional style since ancient times. Miao women generally wear narrow sleeves, big collars, double-breasted tops and pleated skirts. The dress is either long to the feet, elegant and colorful, or short to the knees and graceful. Casual clothes are mostly wrapped in a handkerchief on the head, a blouse on the upper body, a pair of trousers on the lower body, embroidered edges, an embroidered waist and a little delicate silver ornaments as a foil. Miao pleated skirt with colorful patterns is decorated with embroidery, brocade, batik and cross stitch. The colors of costumes are mainly red, blue, yellow, white and black, which keeps the tradition of "three Miao" and "good five-color clothes" of Miao ancestors. Clothes are mainly raw materials produced in the place of residence, mostly cotton, hemp, wool and so on. , finely woven by family hand workshops. Miao men's costumes are relatively simple, with double-breasted tops or right-handed robes, wool felt woven with geometric patterns on their shoulders, blue baotou on their heads and leggings on their calves.

When we talk about the diversity of Miao costumes, we mainly refer to the holiday costumes or dresses of Miao women. Miao costumes can be divided into five types by region: Qiandongnan, Zhongnan, Sichuan, Guizhou and Yunnan, Xiangxi and Hainan.

Qiandongnan Miao costumes: They are popular in Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture of Guizhou 16 counties and cities and Duyun, Libo, Sandu, Xingren, Anshun, Rongshui and Sanjiang in Guangxi. This coat has a big collar and a double-breasted or right bust. Pleated skirts vary in length, wearing a variety of waist and leggings. The bun is also very different. There are about 30 styles of Miao costumes in Qiandongnan.

Miao costumes in central and southern Guizhou are mainly popular in Guiyang, Longli, Guiding, Huishui, Pingba, Anshun, Pingtang, Luodian, Qiubei, Wenshan, Mali and Longlin of Guangxi. It is characterized by embroidering clothes or batiks with black, white and blue threads. Double-breasted collar, pleated skirt, hair band or headscarf, bun. There are five styles of Miao costumes in central and southern Guizhou.

Sichuan, Guizhou and Yunnan Miao costumes: mainly distributed in southern Sichuan, western Guizhou, northwestern Guizhou and northeastern Yunnan, northwestern Guangxi, Zhaotong, Weixin, Chuxiong, Jinsha and other places. The clothing material is mainly linen, the clothing color is light, and batik technology is common. Clothes and hairstyles are varied.

Xiangxi Miao costumes: mainly in Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Guizhou Songtao, Sichuan Xiushan, Youyang, Hubei Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture and other places. There are colorful headscarves and variants, and there are also 8 kinds of costumes.

Hainan Miao costumes: Due to the influence of local Li costumes, Miao women wear a gown with a right knee, only a button, a collarless, batik skirt, mainly black and red, with few patterns, a scarf embroidered with patterns, and a pointed handkerchief embroidered with lace, which is very different from Miao costumes in other regions.

Miao people have no characters, and she takes costumes as the carrier, so Miao costumes not only have practical value, high aesthetic or ornamental value, profound cultural connotation, but also have a high level of production technology. The batik and embroidery art of Miao nationality represents the art of making Miao costumes. The batik technology of Miao nationality has a history of thousands of years. Generally, Miao batik is to draw various patterns on a whole piece of cloth before dyeing. Miao embroidery has various techniques and rich patterns. According to statistics, there are as many as 12 kinds of crafts in Miao Xiu, including Ping Xiu, embroidery, lock embroidery, pile embroidery, pasting, seed embroidery, stitch embroidery, braid embroidery, crepe embroidery, tin embroidery and ponytail embroidery. There are two main colors, one is red, the other is purple, and the bottom is basically black; The patterns are also extremely rich. There are all kinds of flowers, rice, fish, birds and dragons and phoenixes. Some of nature can be embroidered on clothes as patterns, and many embroidery patterns use legends and stories. Miao embroidery is mainly used for the decoration of headscarves, collars, lapels, sleeves, cuffs, shoulders, backs, pendants, belts, waists, skirts, leggings and shoes.

The pattern of Miao costumes is the national history book worn on the body: the colorful lines on the pleated skirt are rivers and mountains; The circular square pattern on the card on the back is the city once owned, with streets, walls and watchtowers; The moire pattern, water pattern and rib pattern on the shawl are the heaven and earth of the northern home, and it is a fertile land; The "horse" pattern and water ripple on the ribbon are the spectacular momentum of Ma Benteng crossing the river when Miao ancestors migrated. ...

Miao people have created colorful and unique costumes in the long river of history; It took us into the Miao History Museum and told us the beautiful story of "Mother Butterfly".