A different national festival.

Tibetan flower festival

Oki Festival in Tibet

Bai nationality: On the first day of New Year's Day, March Street, around the three souls, playing with the sea.

Zhuang nationality: Gyro Festival, Dragon Festival and Chili Festival.

Tibetan water festival

Tibetan flower picking festival

Tibet Flower Festival

Tibet horse racing club

Tujia nationality year

Tujia people play Spring Festival.

Qiang folk song festival

Miao nationality drives seedling field

Miao Nationality Gift Ribbon Festival

Miao Sheep and Horse Festival and Mid-Autumn Festival

Dai people: Water-splashing Festival, closing Festival and opening Festival.

Mongolian: White Festival, Nadam Festival and Horse Milk Festival.

Manchu: Lantern Festival, Tiancang Festival, dragon lock.

Buyi: Tea White Song Festival, New Year's Day

Yi people: Bathing Festival, Harvest Festival and Chinese New Year Festival.

Seasonal customs and national festivals

The spring rain shakes the spring and clears the valley, and the summer is full of mountains and summers. Autumn dew, autumn frost, little snow in winter and cold in winter. The first half of the year is June 2 1 day, and the second half is August 23. The dates of the two festivals are fixed every month, with a maximum difference of one or two days.

[It rains in beginning of spring in the first month] beginning of spring is the first solar term in a year. Like other parts of Northeast China and Central Plains, Jinzhou people habitually call beginning of spring "Da Chun".

There are many agricultural proverbs and common sayings about this season in beginning of spring, such as "Spring hits six or nine heads", "Spring turns to sunshine", "It's still forty cold days after spring" and "Spring covers autumn". On this day in beginning of spring, people eat radishes, commonly known as spring, spring cakes wrapped in bean sprouts, and lightly beat children with brooms wrapped in colored paper, which is called bad luck. According to Yi County Records, in 20 years of the Republic of China, when beginning of spring beat the spring cattle, "the city people were in the back, left and right, and each held a paper whip to beat the cattle. Sing:' A whip says good weather; The second whip says that the country is peaceful and the people are safe; Three lashes said, "The son of heaven will live forever in spring.".

After the 1940s, the custom of "beating spring cattle" ceased to exist. But people still call beginning of spring "Da Chun". Because "one wrong spring, one wrong year", playing spring is the season to urge spring. The folk customs of this season are as follows: First, Shangyuan Festival. That is, on the fifteenth day of the first month, the Lantern Festival is dedicated to Vulcan-lanterns, Saturnalia and Yangko; Second, on the 25th day of the first month, the ritual of offering sacrifices to the gods of heaven and valley-the Tiancang Festival, and so on.

Lantern Festival is the first important festival after the Spring Festival and the first full moon of the New Year, so it is called Yuanxiao. Because lanterns are lit three nights before and after the Lantern Festival, it is also called the Lantern Festival.

According to the records of Jinxian County in the ninth year of the Republic of China, "Shangyuan" is called "Lantern Festival". "The streets are full of lanterns and colorful festivals, with splendid preparations, dragon lanterns, yangko and various dramas." The voice of preaching is endless. From the evening of 14 to Izayoi, tourists were blocked. On the Lantern Festival, the scribes will hang lanterns to make riddles, which are called "riddles". The food for the Lantern Festival is Yuanxiao. Yuanxiao is made of glutinous rice flour coated with sugar pills, jujube paste pills and bean paste pills. Stir-fried, steamed or boiled, also called glutinous rice balls, is also a good gift between relatives and friends.

Around the fifteenth day of the first month, there are two important programs in the traditional folk customs of Manchu people: "Worship the Taiping Drum" and "Catch the Son". Taiping drum was called wax drum in ancient times, and the ceremony of worshipping Taiping drum originated from Shamanism's worship of the sun god. Taiping drum in western Liaoning is octagonal, with iron wire as the frame. The diameter is about 0.7- 1 m. It is covered with leather paper and decorated with colorful paintings. There is a handle that runs through more than a dozen iron rings, and it will make a rushing sound when it encounters vibration. The parade of worshippers of Taiping Drum in the market is also a street scene during the festival. Hide and seek is a boudoir game. "Zi Er" is to dye the hoof bones of sheep or pigs in variegated colors, which young women use to throw, pick up or bear, and it is called "grasping". The venue of the competition is generally on the indoor kang.

The "warehouse filling day" on the 25th day of the first month in western Liaoning is also called "Tiancang Day".

Manchu people "fill warehouses" and have the custom of putting cooked sticky sorghum rice into granaries. They also put ponies and hoes tied with straw poles into rice pots to express their desire to work hard and have plenty of food and clothing.

A daughter-in-law who returns to her mother's house in the first month must return to her husband's house on the 23rd of the first month to "fill the position" for her husband's house.

[February: vernal equinox]

According to the Records of Beizhen County, "the dragon rises on the second day of the second lunar month", "every family scatters ashes from the courtyard and passes through the gate to the edge of the well, which is commonly known as" attracting dragons ",and" eating more spring cakes or pancakes every day "is called" smoking insects ".

February 2nd in Jinzhou is more often called "Pig's Head Festival" in rural areas. On this day, paper-cuts in the style of "pig's head flowers" are posted, and pig's head meat is eaten, which is called "roast pig's head" by the people.

The "Guanyin Birthday" temple fair on February 19 is the largest folk gathering in the spring equinox and one of the largest temple fairs in Jinzhou in the old days.

Guanyin is a bodhisattva of Indian Buddhism belief, translated as Guanyin Bodhisattva, and changed to Guanyin Bodhisattva because of avoiding Taizong's anonymity. In Buddhism, there are two kinds of Buddhism, namely "Hinayana Buddhism" with the ideal of completing one's own practice and "Mahayana Buddhism" with the task of benefiting all beings. Guanyin is one of the main bodhisattvas of Mahayana Buddhism. The custom of worshipping Guanyin in white clothes formed in western Liaoning is historically related to the fact that the rulers of Liao Dynasty regarded Guanyin in white clothes as a family god. History says: "Emperor Taizong was fortunate to visit Youzhou's Great Compassion Pavilion, remove the white Guanyin statue, build a temple with Muye Mountain, worship the family gods and burn incense at home and abroad, thus prospering." I don't want to record the private sacrifices of the people and non-commissioned officers. "The Yiwulu Mountain in Jinzhou is the mausoleum of the Liao monarch and the hereditary territory of Xiao Taihou. The rulers of Liao Dynasty overhauled Jinzhou, the Buddhist temple in Yiwulu Mountain and Kannonji, which further promoted people's belief in Guanyin. There are also many Guanyin caves and Kannonji in Jinzhou area, such as Guanyin in Qingyan Temple of Yiwulu Mountain, commonly known as "crooked neck Niang". The Guanyin birthday temple fair on February 19 is also the peak of incense. From the Ming and Qing Dynasties to the end of the 1990s (except during the Cultural Revolution), it has been one of the largest Guanyin temple fairs in western Liaoning and even northeast China.

[March: Qingming Grain Rain] The first day in Tomb-Sweeping Day is "Tomb-Sweeping Day", and the day before in Tomb-Sweeping Day is "Cold Food Festival", which means no smoking. The custom of banning smoking in the Cold Food Festival originated from the ritual of ancient ancestors clearing old fires every spring and burning them with new ones to protect the fire. In Jinzhou area, there is also a story that Jin Wengong burned mountains and forced mesons to push officials, while mesons pushed mountains rather than leaving them.

Tomb-Sweeping Day is a day for China people to pay homage to their ancestors' graves. Since the Qing Dynasty, politicians have affirmed and advocated the custom of encouraging folk Tomb-Sweeping Day to plant trees in ancestral graves. In the Republic of China, some local governments even replaced Tomb-Sweeping Day with Arbor Day. 1979 The country officially designated March 12 as Arbor Day.

In addition, there is an important custom in ancient Tomb-Sweeping Day: the ancients said that "March 3rd is the day". On this day, people will go for a spring outing in the wild. This is actually the third carnival of the ancients in spring after the fifteenth day of the first month and the second day of February. After March 3, we will enter the busy spring ploughing labor.

[April: Long Summer and Small Man]

An agricultural proverb says, "It's never too late to plant anything from long summer to full summer."

This is the experience of farming activities summarized according to the climate characteristics of Jinzhou area.

Wang Yao Temple Fair is a folk festival in Wang Yao, while the old festival in Wang Yao is the product of the blending of Chinese immortal culture and Chinese medicine culture. In Jinzhou area, Fuxi, Shennong and Xuanyuan are regarded as the main gods, and Huang San Temple, lined with memorial tablets of Bian Que, Sun Simiao and Wang Shuhe, is regarded as the King's Temple of Yao Mi. During the temple fair, there were many feudal superstitious activities of ancient witchcraft relics. For example, paper men who use paper instead of patients will go to Wang Yao Temple to burn it, which is called "burning body double"; Let the child who made a wish jump over a bench in the temple and then escape from the temple to symbolize that he has escaped the pursuit of the imp. This is called "jumping over the wall"; Hanging a string of kimchi pimples symbolizes the patient's inattention.

[May: Summer Solstice of Miscanthus]

According to legend, Qu Yuan, a poet of Chu State in the Warring States Period, left the custom of eating zongzi on the Dragon Boat Festival after throwing rice in bamboo tubes into the river to sacrifice to him. However, in Jinzhou, the custom of eating zongzi and sticky cakes during the Dragon Boat Festival symbolizes the wish of "a home wrapped in yin and yang".

Before sunrise on the Dragon Boat Festival, people will wash their faces with cold water by the river and the well to drive away bad luck, and then flock up the mountain to collect mugwort leaves. Because mugwort leaves have the function of killing insects and removing dirt, people stick mugwort leaves on doors to avoid the plague. Women also hang wallets full of mugwort on children and wear them in their hair. In order to refuse the arrival of the plague, people also inserted small medicine gourds with peach branches and paper folds in the households' homes, also called paper seals. According to legend, Lv Dongbin once told the world that storing medicine with gourd during the Dragon Boat Festival can kill the five poisons. On this day, children's wrists and ankles will be tied with colorful ropes, commonly known as "life-sustaining ropes", whose function is also to remove viruses. At noon, people will leave these clothes on the side of the road. Rolling eggs is also an important custom of the Dragon Boat Festival. This morning, the old woman would roll the boiled eggs back and forth on her grandson's stomach, muttering in her mouth, "The steamed stuffed bun eats the eggs, and the disaster will be gone."

These customs of the Dragon Boat Festival have been spread among the people until the 1990s. In modern times, Tianqiaokou in Jinzhou also has the Mongolian custom spectacle of Dragon Boat Festival. From the fifth day of May to May 1 1 day, many ancient Mongolian herders in Chengde and Tongliao went to the sea to bathe and pray, sometimes reaching four or five thousand people. After praying, they take them home with bottles full of seawater and sprinkle them on their neighbors, so that they can also get happiness and good luck from the sea.

The proverb "The drought can't last until May 13th" circulated by the people's property is a summary of the laws of weather and farming season. People worship Guan Gong from May 12 to May 13. There is a folk story: May 13 is the day when Guan Gong went to the meeting alone. On this day, Guan Yu wanted to sharpen his knife, and the water for sharpening his knife was the rain in the sky. A drop of water in the sky is a drop of rain in the ground. If it doesn't rain these two days, people will give up their sacrifices in Guan Gong Temple and turn to the Dragon King for rain.

[June: Slight summer heat]

On this day, people will kill ducks and geese. This is the so-called "King Eating Insects Day".

Summer is the hottest season in most parts of China. People in Jinzhou want to have "less long outings and get together to drink and sing" on the "Five Poisons Day". I also went to Guanyin Cave to play with wine, saying it was playing green.

June 23rd, when the summer heat is about to pass, is usually called the birthday of King Ma. On this day, pigs will be slaughtered and sacrificed, hoping to avoid the plague of livestock. Sacrificing horses shows that the agricultural economy of all ethnic groups in Northeast China is highly dependent on horses. Historically, Jinzhou area is the seat of royal racecourse, border trade and horse market, and Mawang temples of all sizes are spread all over urban and rural areas. Therefore, there is a record in the county annals that the horse looks forward to the sun, which is called "this sacrifice is extremely important."

[July: summer in early autumn]

Beginning of autumn folks pay attention to "eating full autumn" and "grabbing autumn fat". On this day, people eat more pasta, such as cakes and jiaozi. Avoid vegetables and foods with slender shapes and high water content, such as cucumbers.

After beginning of autumn, the first Geng Day is the last day, and it is cool in the morning and evening. At this time, a romantic folk festival came again, that is, the Qixi Begging Festival, which left a good memory for everyone in China.

"It's already evening, and women and children are all wearing needles. I hope to invite the Weaver Girl to give her a clever thought."

July 15 is called Mid-Autumn Festival, which is the second Ghost Festival in a year.

Mid-Autumn Festival, like Tomb-Sweeping Day, is a festival with the theme of ancestor worship: "Buy vegetarian dishes, sacrifice rice, and tell Qiu Cheng after eating." Also known as the Orchid Festival, it has the color influenced by Buddhist culture.

The custom of Mid-Autumn Festival in Jinzhou has existed for a long time. During the Liao and Jin Dynasties, under the influence of the Han people, the Khitans and Jurchens attached great importance to the Mid-Autumn Festival. From the early Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China, the Gulanben Festival in Goubangzi area was a well-known Mid-Autumn Temple Fair outside Shanhaiguan. After the bonsai in Jinzhou Tianhou Palace is put out, people will go to Linghe to put out lights.

[August: Millennium Equinox]

The custom of Mid-Autumn Festival on August 15th has been handed down from ancient times.

According to the custom of Jinzhou, every family will have a reunion dinner on August 15. There is a folk festival called "I would rather stay for one more autumn than the Mid-Autumn Festival".

On the night of Mid-Autumn Festival, every household puts a square table in the middle of the yard with moon cakes and watermelon cut into teeth. Soybean, melon seeds, etc. All kinds of fruits.

Soybeans and melon seeds are specially designed for the Moon Jade Rabbit, because Chang 'e and Jade Rabbit are the most popular moon myths among the people. "Male prostitute" clay toys are often bought by grandpa as Mid-Autumn Festival gifts for grandchildren. This is the custom of offering sacrifices to male prostitutes and worshipping male prostitutes brought to western Liaoning by immigrants from North China.

The most distinctive food in Mid-Autumn Festival is moon cakes.

"On August 15th, Yun Zheyue, it snows and lights on the 15th day of the first month", "On July 15th, watch the drought and flood, and on August 15th, harvest crops". It is the greatest wish of farmers to spend a full moon and live a long life.

[September: the first frost of cold dew]

The Double Ninth Festival in the cold dew season is on the ninth day of the ninth lunar month, which is also called "Shuangyang Festival" by the people.

Wang Wei, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, wrote in the book "Living in the Mountain and Thinking of Shandong Brothers": "Being in a foreign land, I miss my relatives twice every festive season." I learned from a distance that there was a man missing from the dogwood where my brother climbed. This poem tells us that in the Tang Dynasty, "climbing the mountain in September" and "embedding Evodia rutaecarpa everywhere" became a common practice in the Central Plains.

After the 1980s, under the advocacy of the government, the Double Ninth Festival has become a festival for the elderly, respecting the old and caring for the young, and respecting teachers and teaching.

[October: light snow in early winter]

On this day in beginning of winter, every household will sweep graves and burn ghosts, commonly known as "sending cold clothes". The folk story that Meng Jiangnv sent her husband Fan Xiliang a warm coat and cried out at the Great Wall of Wan Li came from this custom.

[Winter Moon: Snow Winter Solstice]

The horse market in Guangning (now Beining City) is one of the largest and earliest horse markets in Northeast China. According to Shi Ming Bing Zheng, during the Yongle period, the Northeast began to set up horse markets in Kaiyuan and Guangning. At that time, the Ming Dynasty stipulated that the northeast horse market would exchange rice, cloth and silk for horses. Similar to the 24 solar terms, there is also a folk song "99": 1929 does not move, 3949 walks on the ice, 5969 sees willows by the river, 79 rivers open, 89 geese come, 99 plus19, and cows walk everywhere.

[December: slight cold, severe cold]

On the eighth day of the twelfth lunar month, there are ancestors, door gods, household gods, house gods, kitchen gods and well gods, also called five sacrifices.

Later, after Buddhism was introduced to China, the story that Sakyamuni ate chyle porridge given to him by a shepherdess on Laba and meditated under a bodhi tree became widely circulated. Every day, Buddhist temples recite scriptures and offer him porridge (made of selected glutinous rice, red beans, dried fruits, white sugar and brown sugar), commonly known as Buddha porridge, also known as "Laba porridge". After the Han and Tang Dynasties, people still had the custom of eating Laba porridge.

There is also a proverb in Jinzhou: "La Qi and Bala freeze their chins". In other words, eating Laba porridge is to stick to the chin. This custom has been passed down to this day.

The first custom on the 23rd of the twelfth lunar month is to offer sacrifices to stoves. The stove was originally a sacrifice to Vulcan.

The story about Jinzhou Kitchen God is circulated as a joke. It is said that the kitchen god sits in front of the stove every day and records the performance of good and evil of the whole family. Every year on the 23rd of the twelfth lunar month, he will be sent to the Jade Emperor on earth to report. Because the content of his report in heaven is directly related to the jade emperor's arrangement of the family's fate, people simply stick maltose cooked with malt on his mouth on the day he goes to heaven, so that all his good words and bad words rot in his stomach. So on the night of the 23rd of the twelfth lunar month, three incense sticks were burned in front of the Kitchen God, and the whole family, old and young, kowtowed to the Kitchen God three times. Then they took off the caramelized portraits of the kitchen god and his wife and threw them into the pit of the kitchen with the mounts made of straw sticks for him to burn. The rest of the caramel was distributed to everyone.

After offering sacrifices to the stove, there is no "sky lantern" for those who erect long poles in the courtyard and have pine branches on their heads, or set up wind flags to burn lanterns at night and hang poles high ". It will be withdrawn from January to February 2 next year (the twentieth edition of Yi Xian Zhi). Obviously, this is the legacy of the custom of offering sacrifices to Vulcan by Manchu and northern nationalities preserved by Lushan people.

From childhood to New Year's Eve, the approximate schedule is as follows:

Twenty-three, the stove rises to heaven.

Twenty-four, write capital (couplets).

Twenty-five, sweeping the house soil (cleaning).

Twenty-six, boiled meat (pork cut into pieces and cooked, stewed sauerkraut for the New Year),

Twenty-seven, kill the chicken (because the chicken sounds auspicious, it is called a happy event).

Twenty-eight, steamed flowers (sacrificial pasta).

Twenty-nine, paste incense barrels (for sacrifice to heaven and earth).

Keep one night for thirty nights,

On New Year's Eve, the most important thing is to worship the ancestors and welcome the God of Wealth. People living in Jinzhou are mostly three generations of ancestors. In order to prevent the invasion of evil spirits and ghosts, every household should set off firecrackers, light lanterns, spread hemp poles on the ground and stick large bolts on the doors. The whole family stayed up until dawn.

On the first day, every household opened in Daimon Masaru, and the doors were covered with auspicious couplets. People began to pay New Year greetings to each other. Before the fifth day of junior high school, women didn't sew, and every family didn't cook uncooked rice. They only eat spaghetti cooked a few years ago. The yangko team performed in the countryside, and people enjoyed themselves and spent the biggest festival of the year-the Spring Festival.