There are two types of opera music: the quartets and the panels. Please describe them in depth. Thank you!

Opera music: qupai and panchong

There are many varieties of opera music, and in terms of its structure, it is divided into two categories: qupai and panchong.

The song form

Also known as the joint song form. If an opera is sung repeatedly with a single song, it is called "single set"; if it is sung with several songs, it is called "joint set". These can be collectively referred to as "suite". Composition suite of songs can be repeated. In addition to the general song, you can also use the "set of songs", that is, from a few songs in each selected 1 sentence or a few lines of singing, composed of a new song. If the set of songs does not belong to the same palace, known as "borrowing the palace" or "violate the tone". Qu plate body opera music lyrics, mostly short and long sentences. The number of sentences and words of each song is fixed. However, some of the songs may increase or decrease the number of sentences and words due to content needs. The "Rolling Singing" and "Releasing Flow" in the High Cavity Songs are the lyrics that are added according to the needs of the plot. They can be long or short, can be more or less, there is a greater room for expansion.

The music of the Song Dynasty has the following characteristics:

①There are many Songs. Due to the differences in the number of phrases, sentence patterns, melodies, rhythms, and modes of each tune, it can be widely chosen and utilized according to different plots and characters.

②The music of each type of opera, because of its use of different sources of music, so the style is different; but in terms of the music of a particular type of opera, although there are many songs, but the style is harmonized and unified.

③The music of the songboard system is suitable for lyricism, and it is weaker to express the emotion of excitement.

④The Gaoqiang's gangqiang tune, which is unique in Chinese opera music, has a special expressive power.

5The linking of different tunes makes the music diversified. Typical music of the quqi system is the Gaoqiang, Kunqiang, Liuqiqiang, and many flower-drum operas, lantern operas, tea-collecting operas, two-people's stage, two-people's turn, and so on.

Banqiang body

Taking a certain tune as the basis, through the change of speed, rhythm, tempo, palette, melody and other elements, the expansion and tightening of the melody, the body of the tune, and thus gradually evolve a series of different panels, forming a set of singing with a variety of theatrical performance, the overall structure of the singing is called the banqiang body.

The structural form of the plate cadence music can be divided into the following three levels:

①Sentence. It is a unit that constitutes a paragraph, and there are basic sentences and changing sentences; some sentences are a kind of plate, such as the introduction and the return of a single sentence.

2 paragraph. The complete basic structural unit of the plate cavity, consisting of the upper sentence and the lower sentence; the upper and lower sentences of the changes in the repetition, is the basic characteristics of the plate cavity singing.

③Panel. The structure of the cavity, the board, the cavity form. Plate by a number of sentences and paragraphs, in order to express the relative independence of the ideological content. Different board, showing different feelings, slow board long for lyrical aria, the original board is suitable for narrative reasoning, fast board is good at showing impassioned feelings, rocking board is suitable for the performance of dramatic conflicts. In terms of its connection, it can be divided into two types: single-board body and joint-board body. Single-plate body that is composed of the same plate singing, joint-plate body is composed of different plate singing; combination of a variety of ways, such as a long section of the two yellow cavity, by the guide plate, back to the dragon, slow plate, the original plate, scattered boards and other five boards; can also be composed of the original plate, the slow plate of the two boards. The transfer of different patterns is essentially a form of melodic development and change. In addition to the guide plate and the return of the dragon is limited to 1 sentence each, the number of sentences of the other plate style, depending on the needs of the plot, is not limited. The words sung in the form of plate cadence are mainly neat 10-word sentences and 7-word sentences, and long and short sentences can also be inserted between them.

The music of the plate cadence has the following characteristics:

①The same cadence has both changes and unity. It has a unified word pattern, cavity pattern, introduction, gate, palace tone, melodic tendency, and a variety of changes in rhythm, speed of the sentence and plate.

② structure amplitude has a greater scalability, rhythm, can be whole can be scattered, can be tight can be loose. The board layout is logical. According to the changes in the plot, choose a different board, can be narrative or lyrical, with a variety of theater performance.

③The music style of the same cavity system is relatively uniform, but the contrasting changes in tone are not as rich and varied as that of the song.

The singing of the plate cavity is most representative of the clapper cavity and Pihuang cavity. The music of Tangling Opera, Yueju Opera and Pingju Opera also belongs to this category. In addition, in some types of opera, the frequent and repeated use of some of the tunes produces variants with different rhythms and speeds, thus giving rise to the element of the plate cadence. For example, in the Changsha Flower Drum Opera, the tune "Chuan tune" has evolved into such plate styles as guide plate, first stream, second stream, third stream, wailing son, tip accent, and throw accent, etc. The plate cadence system is both the same as the tune cadence system, and the tune cadence system is also the same as the tune cadence system. The number of dramas and repertoires in which the plate cadence is used in conjunction with the song form is increasing day by day.