Traditional Culture Encyclopedia - Traditional festivals - How many ways are there in the total **** of Taijiquan? How is it categorized?
How many ways are there in the total **** of Taijiquan? How is it categorized?
1. Chen-style Taijiquan is divided into two kinds of old and new frames. The old frame was created by Chen Wangting in the early Qing Dynasty, with five original sets, also known as the thirteen potentials, and one set of one hundred one hundred one-hundred and eight potentials of the Long Fist, and one set of Cannon Punch. From Chen Wangting, after more than 300 years of practicing and accumulating a lot of experience, the original sets of boxing have been processed and refined, finally forming the 1st and 2nd sets of Chen-style Taijiquan that have been passed down in recent times. The movements of these two sets of boxing are carefully arranged, with different speeds and strengths, different body styles, different amounts of movement and different levels of difficulty, but all of them are in line with the principles of gradual progression and the combination of rigidity and flexibility. Chen style 1 fist set existing 83, the main features are as follows: ① tangled silk power obvious, requiring everywhere to pay attention to the source of the waist and spine, with the intention of the four tips (i.e., the two hands and two foot tips), the action was curved spiral, winding round and to do "a move inside and outside all move"; ② rigid and flexible, soft in just, that is, can play a kind of just like just like just like soft, like soft, like soft, heavy and flexible non-soft, heavy and flexible internal strength; ③ action to be combined with breathing and luck, not only to achieve the "qi sinking dantian", but also in the practice of action at the same time the "dantian turn", sometimes also in the exhalation of sound (such as heh, kindly, hush, blow), in order to increase the strength; (4)Fast and slow, that is to say, in the change of action should be fast, and in general, when performing the fist, it should be slow; (5)The fist road frame can be divided into high, medium and low three kinds, the weak and sick people can practice high frame, and the young and strong people who are fit and healthy can practice low frame. Chen style 2nd way fist set was originally called cannon pounding, the existing 71 styles, the main features are as follows: ① vibration of the feet to send more movement; ② movement than the 1st way of fast, just, strong explosive force; ③ "jumping jump, flash show Tengnuo" more action, the momentum of the male. The 2nd way is only suitable for young and strong people to practice, and it is not widely spread. There are two kinds of Chen-style new frame routines, one is Chen Youben (Chenjiagou boxer) created, the order and the old frame with the same frame, the frame is smaller than the old frame, the circle is also smaller than the old frame, remove some of the original more difficult movements, Chenjiagou village people called "small circle fist", the old frame is called "large circle fist The old frame was called "Big Circle Boxing". This kind of boxing was later passed on to Chen Xin, who wrote "Chen's Taijiquan Illustrations", explaining Chen's experience in practicing boxing accumulated over the generations. Another routine of the new frame was created by Chen Qingping, a disciple of Chen Youben, and is characterized by small and compact, slow movements, and the gradual addition of circles after practice, to the point of being extremely complex. Because it was first spread in Zhaobao Town, Wen County, Henan Province, it is called "Zhaobao Frame". Chen-Style Taijiquan is an ancient type of boxing, and most of the other styles of Taijiquan (such as Yang-Style, Wu-Style, Wu-Style and Sun-Style) were developed on the basis of Chen-Style Taijiquan. The current master of Chen-style Taijiquan is Mr. Chen Zhenglei.
2. Yang Style Taijiquan Yang Lu Chan (1800 ~ 1873), a native of Yongnian, Hebei Province, when he was young, he was a hired laborer in Chenjiagou, Wenxian, Henan Province, and learned Taijiquan, and returned to his home in his prime to teach Taijiquan, because he could avoid and subdue the strong force, and at that time, he was called "Dip Mianquan", "Soft Fist" and "Harmonized Fist". Yang Luchan went to Beijing to teach boxing, and many princes and nobles of the Qing Dynasty learned from him. He was so skilled that he was called "Yang Wufei" at that time. Later, in order to adapt to the needs of the general practitioners, Yang Lu Chan gradually modified the original strength, jumping, foot shaking and more difficult movements, and his grandson, Yang Chengfu, repeatedly revised it, so it was finalized as Yang Style Taijiquan, which is the most popular Yang Style Taijiquan in modern times due to the simplicity of the practice. Yang's grandparents and grandchildren have been famous in Beijing for three generations. Yang Lu Chan had two sons, Yang Ban Hou and Yang Jian Hou, each with his own strengths. Banhou was hot-tempered, and favored the role of taijiquan as a technical combat, and was more ruthless in actual combat, and had many fights with people who were crippled and injured, so he inherited his father's title of "Yang Invincible", and became famous in Beijing for a while, which objectively built up the prestige for taijiquan and promoted the rapid popularization and dissemination of taijiquan in the whole country. However, due to his paranoid character, he seldom taught his students, so there are few inheritors. At present, there is the 81-style Dagongjie of Hebei Qi Deju. After 1928, Yang Chengfu, the son of Jianhou, went to Nanjing, Shanghai, Hangzhou, Guangzhou, Hankou and other places to teach his students, and his styles spread to all major cities in China. The characteristics of Yang Style Dafazi are simple and concise, smooth movement, rigidity and flexibility, light and heavy nature, the exercise steps from loose into soft, accumulation of soft into strong, strong and soft, can naturally show the unique style of big style, the image of the beauty of the unique style. There are also high, medium and low styles. The amount of exercise can be adjusted according to the different ages, genders, physical conditions and requirements of the learners. Therefore, it is not only suitable for healing and health care, but also suitable for people with good physical strength to enhance their physical fitness and improve their skills.In 1957, "Taijiquan Exercise" (88 styles) was compiled according to Yang Style Taijiquan, and the book "Yang Style Taijiquan" was published in 1963. Yang Style Small Frame Taijiquan and Two Way Cannon Hammer were practiced only among a few heirs, mainly for technical combat purposes. Yang Chengfu had five disciples, known as the Five Tiger Generals: Fu Zhongwen, Chu Guiting, Tian Zhaolin, Chen Weiming, and Wu Huichuan
3. Wu Style Taijiquan The Manchu Quan You, a native of Daxing, Hebei Province, at the end of the Qing Dynasty, first learned the Taijiquan Big Frame from Yang Lu Chan, and later studied the Small Frame under Yang Lu Chan's second son, who was known for his skill in softening. His son changed his surname from Chinese to Wu, and his name was Jianquan. The style inherited and taught by Wu Jianquan is continuous, not longitudinal and not jumping, and has a wide range of adaptability. Since Wu modified the style, the later generations called it Wu Style Small Frame. It has become the more widely spread Wu Style Taijiquan in modern times. Wu Jianquan in Beijing and Shanghai to pass on the fist for a long time, he played boxing style positive moves round, loose and natural, although the frame is small, but there is a large frame of skills, by carrying out and compact, in the compact from the stretch, push the hands of the correct and strict, delicate and ironing. 1958 was published in the book "Wu-style Taijiquan".
4. Wu-Style Taijiquan Wu Yuxiang, a native of Yongnian, Hebei Province, at the end of Qing Dynasty, learned Taijiquan from Yang Lu Chan and got the general idea of it, and then he learned new frame Taijiquan and got Taijiquan Spectrum in Maiyang County, and then he summarized the exercise principles in his experience of practicing Taijiquan as Ten Essentials of the Body Method. Wu-Style Taijiquan is characterized by strict stance, compact posture, slow movement, strict footwork, clear distinction between reality and reality, always keeping the chest and abdomen in and out of rotation, dominating the appearance with the transformation of reality and reality and "internal qi subconsciousness" of the movement, and the left and right hands are each in charge of half of the body, and they do not go out on the tip of the foot. Wu-Style Taijiquan was introduced to Beijing in the early years of the Republic of China, and then to Nanjing and Shanghai, and the book "Wu-Style Taijiquan" was published in 1963. The story of Ge Shuncheng, the founder of Wu-Style Taijiquan, is as follows: Wu Yuxiang's family was a prominent family in Yongnian, and his family was a Hanmo family, but Wu Yuxiang himself was a martial artist, and did not serve for the rest of his life. However, Wu Yuxiang himself was an avid martial artist, and he did not pursue a career. The Chen family in Chenjiagou rented Wu Yuxiang's property for their business in Yongnian County. When Wu Yuxiang saw that the Chen family practiced a kind of smart boxing, he was very fond of it, but because of his status, he could not go to learn from a master, so he commissioned his friend Yang Lu Chan (who already had a high level of martial arts foundation) to go to Chenjiagou to learn from Chen Chang Xing, and then handed it over to himself after his return, and then he himself provided for the whole family of Yang Lu Chan. Yang Lu Chan went to Chen Jiagou three times to learn the art, and each time he returned, he taught Wu Yuxiang everything he knew. In the end, Wu Yuxiang was not satisfied with what Yang Lu Chan had learned, and went to Chenjiagou to ask for advice. Chen Changxing, who was already old at the time, introduced him to Chen Qingping to learn kung fu. The result was a great success. In the early days, Wu Yuxiang's main heirs included Yang Banhou (the son of Yang Lu Chan, who originally studied literature with Wu Yuxiang, but later became very successful in martial arts, far exceeding his cultural level), and his own two nephews, who were known as Mr. Li Da and Mr. Li Er. Mr. Li Da and Mr. Li Er passed on to Hao Weizhen and Ge Shuncheng. Hao Weizhen was the most skillful martial artist, and his boxing style was modified by his descendants and then designated as the standard boxing style of Wu Style Taijiquan by the state. The whole family, including Ge Shuncheng, still retains the original style.
Li Shengduan, Chen Lanting, Hao Zhongtian, Zheng Yuenan, Wang Laoyan, Chen Guan, Wu Wenhan, etc. are masters of Wu-style Taijiquan.
5. Sun Style Taijiquan At the end of the Qing Dynasty, Sun Lutang, a native of Wanxian, loved martial arts, first learned Xingyiquan, and then learned Bagua Palm, practiced diligently, and his kung fu was deep, and in the early years of the Republic of China he began to learn Taijiquan, combining the strengths of various schools and combining them, and then he created Sun Style Taijiquan, and he wrote the book Taijiquan Studies. The characteristics of Sun-style Taijiquan are that it follows each other in advance and retreat, spreads and rounds, is sensitive in movement, and when it changes direction, it connects with opening and closing, so it is also known as "opening and closing and living step Taijiquan".In 1957, a book entitled "Sun-style Taijiquan" was published.
6. Simplified Taijiquan
Simplified Taijiquan was introduced after the founding of the People's Republic of China. In order to facilitate the promotion of taijiquan among the general public, in 1956, on the basis of Yang-style taijiquan, deleting the complicated and repetitive movements and selecting 24 forms, it was compiled into "Simplified Taijiquan". over the past 20 years, Simplified Taijiquan has prevailed both at home and abroad, and has been y loved by the people. The wall charts and books of "Simplified Taijiquan" have been published in millions of copies. In Beijing alone, more than 140 taijiquan counseling stations were set up in 1980, and more than 800 taijiquan training classes were held, with more than 40,000 participants, and these counseling stations taught mainly simplified taijiquan.
In order to meet the needs of the masses in practicing taijiquan, the Sports and Physical Education Commission of the People's Republic of China in 1979 compiled "48 Simplified Taijiquan" by absorbing the strengths of Chen-style, Yang-style, Wu-style and Wu-style taijiquan.
The state attaches great importance to the protection of intangible cultural heritage, and on May 20, 2006, this heritage was approved by the State Council to be included in the list of the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage, and on June 5, 2007, the Ministry of Culture of the country identified Yang Zhenhe and Han Huiming of Yongnian County of Hebei Province as the representative inheritors of this cultural heritage item, and they were included in the list of 226 representative inheritors of the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage items. 226 representative inheritors list.
Taijiquan was once known as "Long Fist", "Cotton Circle", "Thirteen Potentials" and "Soft Hands". ". During the Qianlong period of the Qing dynasty, Shanxi Wang Zongyue wrote "Taijiquan theory", only to determine the name of Taijiquan. The word "Taiji" originated from "Zhouyi. The word "taiji" originates from "Zhouyi." "The word "taiji" says, "There is Taiji in Yi, and it is the birth of the two yi." The term "Taiji" is derived from the Zhou Yi.
7. Wudang Taijiquan
Wudang Taijiquan does not have anything to do with Wudang Zhang Sanfeng, although scholars now recognize it as such. Wudang taijiquan is concerned about the "fist hit the crouching cow of the ground", basically two meters square enough to show, which in addition to the spiral winding silk, there are other nine palace, bagua content, the connotation and the current popularity of taijiquan is not quite the same. Wudang Taijiquan's key is: boxing with the state of mind, stretching long, magnificent atmosphere, allowing all things in the heart. Wudang taijiquan with soft to conquer hard, with static braking, after the first, can be four or two thousand pounds. It is not only to strengthen the body but also for self-defense. Wudang Taijiquan combines the Taoist qigong techniques of practicing essence and gas, practicing gas and God, practicing God and emptiness, and returning emptiness to the Taoist qigong method, which opens up people's wisdom, develops people's body energy, prolongs people's life, makes them live longer, and it is a kind of supreme boxing that combines martial arts and health preservation in a single body. The process of practicing Taijiquan is divided into three stages: first practicing form, then practicing qi, and finally practicing spirit. Its internal techniques mainly include the following: the work of guiding and directing the body, the work of extracting and replenishing external qi, and the work of standing on piles with mixed elements. Its movements are mainly based on the following: collapse, squeezing, pressing, picking, listing, elbow and leaning, and in the application, following, connecting, sticking and adhering, which are continuous and flowing in the river. To practice Taijiquan, one should have a quiet spirit, keep one's chest and draw one's back, sink one's shoulders and drop one's elbows, and stretch one's movements, so as to realize both God's and form's marvelousness. Wudang Taijiquan is a combination of static and dynamic, internal and external, which is the treasure of internal and external cultivation and the source of human life.
8. Zhaobao Taijiquan
Zhaobao Taijiquan was formed in Zhaobao Town, Wen County, Henan Province, and there are two ways of saying its origin. One is said to have been created by Zhang Sanfeng, the founder of Wudang Taijiquan, and transmitted to Jiang Fa by Wang Zongyue, the ancestor of Wudang Taijiquan. Jiang Fa was passed on to Xing Xihuai, Zhang Chuchen, Chen Jingbo, Zhang Zongyu, Zhang Yan, Chen Qingping, Zhang Jingzhi, Chen Yingming, Wang Qingsheng, and other successive generations through hundreds of years of discernment and practice of the Zhao Bao Taijiquan. Another way of saying it is that it is a kind of routine of the new frame of Chen-Style Taijiquan, which was created by Chen Qingping, a disciple of Chen Youben, and is characterized by compactness and slowness of movement, and after practicing it, it will gradually increase the circle, so that it will be extremely complicated. Because it was first spread in Zhao Bao Town, Wen County, Henan Province, it is called "Zhao Bao Frame". Zhao Bao Taijiquan, no matter it is the frame or the theory, the writings are all orally transmitted and taught by the masters. Theories include: Wang Zongyue's monograph "Nine Essentials", "Taiji Xing Gong Song", "Jie Essentials", "Transportation of Tianji Wheel", "Five Character Recipe", "Spreading Hands", "On Pushing Hands", "On Takedowns", "On Unloading Bones", etc. Zhao Bao Taichiquan is a real Taiji martial art passed on from the people in the garden of Taichiquan, with unique technical characteristics and remarkable features. Zhao Bao taijiquan has seventy-two styles of boxing frame, all of which are vertical drawing circle, walking vertical circle, is the core and characteristics of this type of boxing, the whole frame is from the first to turn a big circle after a small circle, like a spring silkworm draws silk in a continuous manner, in which there is a smooth circle composed of inverted circles, in terms of the body, there are: the hand into the circle, the elbow into the circle, the chest and the abdomen into the circle, the bladder into a circle and the crotch into a circle. Dantian rotation, this is a circle of Taiji. The exercise of the fist frame follows the rules of (three straight) (four smooth) (six) and (four tips), (three straight) that is, head straight, body straight, calf straight, (four smooth) that is, leg smooth, foot smooth, hand smooth, body smooth, six that is, the hands and feet together, bladder and crotch, elbows and knees together this is the outer three, the inner three, the heart and the intention of the three, the gas and the force together, the tendons and the bones together. (Four tips) are teeth for bone tips, tongue for flesh tips, hair for blood tips, and pores for gas tips. Zhao Bao Taijiquan frame is light and round, its movements are spacious and generous, when practicing, the steps are alive and the circle is round, the rings are interlocked, there is no obvious power movement, the routines are penetrating, there is softness and rigidity, after mastering the routines, that is to say, it is gradually transforming the circle into a circle, going from simplicity to complexity, and improving the skills and difficulty. Zhao Bao Taijiquan is good at taking, dropping, throwing, hitting and leaning, and there are all kinds of takedowns and counter-takedowns, which are fused in the routines, thus making the characteristics of its techniques very prominent.
The style and posture of the above 8 styles of Taijiquan are not the same, but the structure of the routine and the order of the movements are basically the same, and the purpose of practicing Taijiquan is for fitness and treatment of diseases. In addition to the boxing sets, each of the 8 styles of Taijiquan has its own way of practicing push hands and equipment sets, such as Taijiquan sword, Taijiquan knife and so on.
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