What are the parts of the body? What does each part consist of?

Body refers to the part of the vehicle used to carry people and goods, and also refers to the whole vehicle. The body of some vehicles is not only the driver's workplace, but also the place to accommodate passengers and goods. The car body includes windows, doors, cockpit, passenger compartment, engine compartment and luggage compartment. There are several types of body modeling, such as box type, fish type, ship type, streamline type and wedge type, and the structural forms are divided into single box type, hatchback type and sedan type. Body modeling structure is the body language of the vehicle, and its design will directly affect the performance of the vehicle.

Body refers to the part of the vehicle used to carry people and goods, and also refers to the whole vehicle. Such as scooters, motorcycles and automobiles. , have their own different bodies.

Basic information

car body

form

Body shell, door, window, etc.

function

Used for manned loading.

classify

Non-load body

catalogue

1 Introduction

2 body

3 body processing technology

Fold and edit the introduction of this paragraph.

Body refers to the part of the vehicle used to carry people and goods, and also refers to the whole vehicle. Such as scooters, motorcycles and automobiles. , have their own different bodies.

Fold and edit this body.

Basic requirements of folding

The car body should provide convenient working conditions for drivers and comfortable riding conditions for passengers, protect them from vibration, noise, exhaust gas and bad weather when the car is running, and ensure that the goods are handled in good condition and easy to load and unload. Some structural measures and equipment on the car body also help to drive safely and reduce the consequences of accidents. car body

The car body should ensure that the car has a reasonable shape and can effectively guide the surrounding airflow when the car is driving, so as to reduce air resistance and fuel consumption. In addition, the car body should also help to improve the driving stability of the car and the cooling conditions of the engine, and ensure good ventilation inside the car body.

Automobile body is a beautiful comprehensive work of art, which should be decorated with its clear sculpture, elegant decorative parts, internal decorative materials and pleasing colors, so as to make people feel beautiful and decorate people's living environment.

Folding basic structure

Automobile body structure mainly includes: body shell, doors, windows, front sheet metal parts, interior and exterior decorative parts and body accessories, seats, ventilation, heating, air conditioning and so on. Trucks and special vehicles also include trucks and other equipment.

Body shell is the installation foundation of all body parts, which usually refers to a rigid spatial structure composed of main load-bearing components such as longitudinal, transverse beams and columns and connected sheet metal parts. The skeleton of most passenger cars is obvious, but the skeleton of car body and truck cab is not obvious. Body shell usually includes sound insulation, heat insulation, vibration prevention, corrosion prevention, sealing and other materials and coatings laid on it.

The door is installed on the body shell through hinges, which is an important part to ensure the performance of the body. These sheet metal parts form a space for accommodating parts such as engines and wheels.

Folding general classification

I. Non-load-bearing subject

A car with a non-load-bearing body has a rigid frame, which is also called chassis longitudinal beam frame. In the non-load-bearing car body, the engine, a part of the transmission system, the car body and other assembly parts are fixed on the car frame with suspension devices, and the car frame is connected with wheels through front and rear suspension devices. Non-load-bearing car body is large in size, heavy in weight and high in height. It is generally used in trucks, buses and off-road vehicles, and also used in some advanced cars because of its good stability and safety.

Second, the load-bearing body

A car with a load-bearing body does not have a rigid frame, but only strengthens the front, side wall, rear and floor. The engine, front and rear suspensions, part of the transmission system and other assembly parts are assembled at the positions required by the design, and the load of the car body is transferred to the wheels through the suspension device. In addition to the inherent load-bearing function, the load-bearing car body directly bears various load forces. The safety and stability of the load-bearing car body have been greatly improved. It has the advantages of light weight, low height and easy assembly. Most cars use this body structure.

Folding ordinary decoration

Exterior decorative parts of car body mainly refer to decorative strips, wheel decorative covers, signs, embossed characters, etc. Radiator masks, bumpers, headlights, rearview mirrors and other accessories are also obviously decorative.

The interior decoration of the car body includes surface coverings such as dashboard, roof, side walls and seats, as well as curtains and carpets. Surface decoration materials such as natural fiber or synthetic fiber textiles, artificial leather or multi-layer composite materials, and skin-attached foam plastics are widely used in automobiles. A large number of decorative materials such as fiberboard, cardboard, engineering plastic board, aluminum board, patterned rubber board and composite decorative board are used on buses.

Folding body accessories

Body accessories include: door lock, door hinge, glass lifter, various seals, wiper, windshield washer, sun visor, rearview mirror, handle, cigarette lighter, ashtray, etc. Modern cars are often equipped with radios and rod antennas, and some cars are also equipped with wireless phones, televisions, small stoves for heating food and small refrigerators.

Ventilation, heating, cold air and air conditioning devices inside the car body are important devices to maintain the normal environment inside the car and ensure the safety and comfort of drivers and passengers. Seat is also one of the important devices inside the car body. The seat consists of a skeleton, a seat cushion, a backrest and an adjusting mechanism. Cushion and backrest should have certain elasticity. The adjustment mechanism can make the seat move back and forth or up and down, and adjust the inclination angle of the seat cushion and backrest. Some seats also have elastic suspension and shock absorbers, which can be adjusted to ensure that the height of the seat cushion from the floor is appropriate under the different weight of the driver. Some truck cabs and buses are also equipped with sleepers suitable for long-distance driving at night.

Fold other facilities

In order to ensure driving safety, seat belts, headrests, airbags and various cushioning and padding devices are widely used in modern cars to restrain passengers. According to the different types of goods transported, the truck body can be a common rail-plate structure, a platform structure, an inclined structure, a closed car body, a gas-liquid tank and a special container for pneumatic blowing and unloading for transporting bulk goods (grains, powder, etc.). ) or containers of various standard specifications suitable for highway, railway, waterway, air combined transport and international combined transport.

Fold and edit the body processing technology in this section.

Folding stamping process

The car body can be roughly divided into five parts: hood, roof, trunk lid, fender and front panel. The complex shape of curved surface requires high dimensional accuracy and small surface roughness. There are generally two kinds of stamping production lines, one is single machine connection and the other is multi-station stamping production line. The single machine is connected to the press through the process arrangement, and the manipulator, transmission device or robot are used to complete the conveying of the loading and unloading and parts, which has independent synchronization and full-automatic synchronization.

The presses of independent synchronous production line run independently, the production rhythm is controlled by conveyor belt, and each press unit uses flexible intermediate storage device to form an independent synchronous unit with flexible performance.

The feeding, running and other operations of the fully automatic synchronous production line are carried out synchronously and continuously, and the work efficiency is high.

Multi-station press production line: Multi-station presses have specifications such as 5-station, 6-station and 8-station.

Folding assembly and welding process

Car body welding is usually called assembly welding, that is, stamping parts are assembled and welded into a body-in-white meeting the requirements.

Technology: the whole car body is divided into assemblies for assembly and welding. Floor assembly, engine compartment assembly, left and right side assemblies, rear wall assembly, roof assembly, left and right door assemblies, hood assembly, left fender assembly and right fender assembly.

Resistance welding is mostly used for assembly welding, mainly spot welding and projection welding, with high productivity and low cost, accounting for about 90% of the total welding quantity. Equipment used: suspension spot welder, fixed spot welder, multipoint spot welder, stud welder, welding robot and laser welding.

Folding coating process

Automobile painting can play the role of protection, decoration and identification. And it can play a special role in heat insulation, noise elimination and vibration-proof sealing in the car. Decorative requirements are high, but also require good mechanical properties and high corrosion resistance.

Decoration requirements: the coating is bright, smooth, plump and beautiful. It has certain hardness, good toughness and wear resistance.

Corrosion resistance requirements: service life of appearance corrosion, perforation corrosion and structural damage corrosion.

Car brands are different: trucks and light vehicles are primed and topcoated twice. Cars often need to be painted three times, the first time, the second time and the top coat; A luxury car sometimes needs four coats.