What are the essential fertility elements of farmland? Why is this?

What are the essential fertility elements of farmland? Why is this? Soil is the foundation of crop survival. Soil fertility determines the yield and quality of crops. Soil fertility refers to the fertility of soil and the ability of plants to continuously supply and adjust the water, fertilizer, gas and heat needed by plants during their growth. Soil fertility is a comprehensive reflection of soil physical, chemical and biological characteristics. The four factors of soil fertility include nutritional factors, physical factors, chemical factors and biological factors.

What is soil fertility? What is the basic fertility factor of soil? Nutritional factors Nutritional factors refer to the reserves, intensity and capacity of nutrients in soil, which mainly depend on the quantity and composition of soil minerals and organic matter. The ability of soil to provide nutrients for plants is not directly determined by the storage of nutrients in the soil, but by the effectiveness of nutrients. If the soil lacks the necessary elements for plant growth, plants cannot grow healthily. If the soil lacks organic matter, mineral elements can't be well absorbed and utilized. Therefore, increasing the application of organic fertilizer is the only way for the sustainable and efficient development of agriculture in China in the future.

Physical factors Physical factors refer to the soil quality, structural conditions, porosity, humidity and temperature conditions of a material. They affect the oxygen content, redox and aeration of soil, thus affecting the transformation rate and existing state of soil nutrients, affecting the nature and running law of soil moisture, and affecting the growth and physiological activities of plant roots. Organic matter can increase soil aggregate structure, improve soil permeability and transparency, improve soil physical and chemical properties, and maintain water, heat and air permeability. Therefore, while applying chemical fertilizer, the application amount of organic fertilizer must be increased.

Chemical factors Chemical factors are soil pH value, cation exchange performance, reducing substances in soil, soil salt content and other toxic substances. They directly affect plant growth and the transformation, release and availability of soil nutrients. Generally speaking, in extreme acidic and alkaline environments, there will be a large number of toxic substances such as soluble salts or reducing substances, so it is difficult for most crops to grow normally and obtain high yield.