What is suona and its basic introduction

Suona (Italian: Suona) is a national wind instrument and a popular folk instrument in China. Let me introduce suona to you. Welcome to read!

The Historical Evolution of Suona

In the 3rd century, suona was introduced to China from Persia and Arabia.

During the Western Jin Dynasty, there was an image of playing suona in the murals of geisha music in Cave 38 of Qizil in Baicheng, Xinjiang.

During the Jin and Yuan Dynasties, it spread to the Central Plains of China. Translation? Where is the lock? What about sales? Surnai? Lock nai? Where is it? Same name and surname.

In the Ming Dynasty, suona was recorded in ancient books. Qi Jiguang, a military commander in Ming Dynasty, used suona in military music. In his new book Ji Xiao? Wu Beizhi said:? He who plays the trumpet plays the suona. ?

Wang Pan's "Chao Di? Ming dynasty? Chanting trumpet is the best article to describe suona: trumpet, suona, ditty and big cavity. The official ship is in chaos, and the price increase depends on you. The army listens to the army's sorrow, and the people listen to the people's fear. Where can I tell the true from the false? Seeing this, I blew the house down and hurt that one. I just blew the water away. ?

In the late Ming Dynasty, suona played an important role in China traditional opera music, which was used to accompany singing and cut cards. In folk instrumental music based on traditional opera music, suona has also become an indispensable instrument.

In the Qing dynasty, suona was called? Surnai? , was incorporated into the court's "Hui Le".

In modern times, suona has become one of the musical instruments widely used by people of all ethnic groups in China.

On May 20th, 2006, suona art was approved by the State Council to be included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage list.

The basic structure of suona

Suona consists of five parts: whistle, gas tag, invasion, pole and bowl. There are eight holes (the first seven and the last one) in the wooden conical tube, and a thin copper tube is installed at the upper end of the tube, which is covered with a reed whistle with double springs, and a copper bowl-shaped speaker is installed at the upper end of the wooden tube. Although the suona has eight holes, the sound of the seventh hole is the same as that of the drum, and the sound of the eighth hole is the same as that of the first hole.

1993, suona was invented by the famous wind musician Guo Yazhi. Living nucleus? The device makes the traditional suona play chromatic and twelve-tone systems, which enriches the expressive force of suona.

The suona movable core has a gas label and a gas nozzle connected to its inner tube, and a bolt groove. A spring is sleeved on it and inserted into the outer tube, and the lateral surface of the outer tube is provided with a threaded hole. Then put a fine-tuning sleeve bolt nut on it, screw it into the threaded hole through the long hole of the sleeve, and then enter the bolt groove of the inner pipe. The telescopic distance of the inner tube is adjusted by the nut. After the air nozzle is compressed by the lip, the inner tube shortens its interval, so that each sound hole can blow out a semitone.

The core is one of the important components of suona, which is equipped with a whistle and connected with the supervisor. The traditional core is a single tube, while the movable core is a movable sleeve, which can change its length telescopically and be reset by the action of a spring. When playing, you can press the core up with your hand to play a temporarily changing chromatic scale or chromatic scale. If the moving core is pushed forward and locked, it can be used as a high-pitched transposed instrument with the same fingering. The slight deviation of the interval relationship after propulsion can be adjusted by controlling the mouth strength, and the player can easily adapt and make effective corrections. The movable core * * * has three specifications. Because its telescopic length can be adjusted, it solves the application problem of suona large, medium and small tones.

Playing skills of suona

Range timbre

The traditional suona tube has eight holes, which are pressed by the index finger, middle finger, ring finger and little finger of the right hand and the thumb, index finger, middle finger and ring finger of the left hand (left and right can be changed according to different users) to control the pitch. The way of pronunciation is to put a reed flute (that is, reed) in your mouth and blow it hard to make it vibrate and sound. After being amplified by the vibration of wooden pipes and metal bowls, it becomes the sound of suona.

The common range of traditional suona is 17 degrees, ranging from bass A to treble A (treble B is occasionally used, but it is difficult to play).

Modern and improved keyboard suona adds keys and semitone holes to increase the range and stabilize the pitch. Common low-key alto suona, the common range is generally eighteen degrees.

The high-pitched suona in D is recorded according to the actual pitch with the high-pitched spectrum. Its total value domain is a( 1)-b(3), and the common value domain in the band is a( 1)-d(3).

The biggest feature of suona is that it can control the whistle with its mouth to make changes in volume, pitch and timbre, as well as the use of various techniques.

Breathing method

Mastering breathing well is one of the basic skills of wind-blowing music. What do you usually say? Full of breath and sound? That means enough breathing, right? Full voice? The foundation of.

Is there any better way to breathe? Dantian breathing method? When inhaling, the lower abdomen contracts inward and the chest ribs expand outward; When inhaling, use the movement of the lower abdomen to control the urgency of exhaling. Generally speaking, blowing suona means inhaling faster and more; But stretch forward slowly and less, and pay attention to the use of abdominal movements to control the breath to meet the needs of playing music.

Pay attention to three points when practicing breathing:

1. When breathing, all parts of the body that have nothing to do with breathing should be relaxed. Breathing should be controlled, and the volume should be used as needed. Generally speaking, inhale more and faster; Exhale less and slowly.

2. Keep the continuity of exhalation and inhalation. Don't wait until the first breath is completely exhaled before you start inhaling the second breath. Instead, you should start inhaling the second breath before the first breath is completely exhaled, so that it can continue.