What were the main measures taken by Sang Hongyang during the reign of Emperor Wu of the Western Han Dynasty? What are the main effects of these measures?

Sang Hongyang's economic measures are mainly reflected in the following aspects: First, issuing an announcement order. In fact, the state levies a property tax on industrial and commercial people, with a tax rate of about 6%. Those who conceal and fail to report shall have their property confiscated and confiscated. The government has received hundreds of millions of dollars in funds just through a decree. Second, the law of casting money was promulgated, and all the private casting money allowed in the early Western Han Dynasty was taken over by the government. This can be regarded as the earliest financial policy. The third is to announce the salt and iron official camp. These are two major events related to people's production and life. When they were nationalized, there is no doubt that the government has controlled a large number of financial resources. The fourth is to promulgate the equal loss law. That is to say, commercial activities are supervised by the government, making amends with abundance, bartering things, buying cheap and selling expensive. Sang Hongyang's four reforms implemented state monopoly in four aspects: taxation, finance and industry and commerce. This is the nationalization reform completed by China two thousand years ago, and it is the perfection of the feudal autocratic system of the trinity of political autocracy, ideological exclusion and economic monopoly of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty.