The invention and improvement of the steam engine?

The invention of steam engine is mainly due to the demand of British textile and mining industry, but its technical application is much wider. The earliest steam engine was born in a prototype technology of newcomen in the18th century. Later, under the guidance of Braque's theory of "specific heat" and "latent heat", the British craftsman Watt improved the newcomen steam engine, solved the problem of cylinder leakage and invented the condenser. Later, he invented the centrifugal governor and flywheel, which improved the efficiency of the steam engine in theory and practice, making the steam engine a prime Mover suitable for all industrial sectors. Since then, the working machine has been powered by the steam engine. Engels pointed out: "Steam and new machine tools have turned the workshop handicraft industry into a modern large-scale industry, which has revolutionized the whole foundation of bourgeois society."

The invention and improvement of steam engine is the decisive factor of industrial revolution, which greatly accelerated the process of industrial revolution from manual production to machine production and promoted the comprehensive transformation of industrial production technology. The steamboat (1807) and the steam locomotive (18 17) were invented one after another, and the transportation industry has undergone revolutionary changes. At the same time, metallurgical industry, especially ironmaking and steelmaking technology, has also been greatly developed. American mechanic Henry Maudslay (1771-1831) changed all the old lathes to iron in 1797, and manufactured lathes with sliding tool holders, which was a major breakthrough in the development history of machine tools. From then on, in the process of machining, people can't hold the tool directly, but only manipulate the tool rest. Lathe can automatically process cylinders or screws according to the specified size, which is an important creation in the development history of machining technology. It marks the completion of a qualitative leap in cutting, and since then, a mechanically operated metal cutting machine tool has been formed, which has made the machine tool develop rapidly and promoted the further improvement of the machine.

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