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Duke of Lushan is a chivalrous novel written by Hong Kong writer Jin Yong. This novel was written in the period of 1969-1972, and the background was set in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties (1644-1689). It tells the story that Wei Xiaobao, who grew up in a brothel in Yangzhou, broke into various gangs in the Jianghu without any martial arts, wandered among courtiers and went on an expedition to Yunnan and Russia.

Character image

wei xiaobao

Wei Xiaobao is the son of Li Chunyuan, an old girl in Yangzhou brothel. I don't know who my father is, but he grew up in the street when he was a child. In my childhood, I learned all the ways to live, survive and be satisfied. In his mind, adapting to the environment and how to live a better life are the most important goals.

Wei Xiaobao almost does all kinds of evil, from gambling to cheating, never tired of drinking, stealing, kidnapping and cheating, and has a clear conscience in everything. His greatest advantage is that he knows how to deal with people around him.

The role of Wei Xiaobao is a complete anti-hero. The works of traditional heroes are hard to find in him. However, he is a hero in everyone's mind. Such a character has never appeared in any novel before. He tore off many masks, destroyed many wrong doctrines and abandoned many wrong benevolence and righteousness. Wei Xiaobao is a model of freedom, affection and nature, and never hypocrisy.

Wei Xiaobao was born in a brothel. At an early age, he learned to look at all the environment and all the people with the standards of brothels. For example, he came to Beijing Palace from Yangzhou brothel in a daze. He didn't know it was a palace. He took one look, "Ah, what a big yard", which made people feel funny at first, thinking that he had little knowledge, but there was a profound irony behind Jin Yong. What is even more intriguing is that such an uneducated, have it both ways, flattering Wei Xiaobao Passepartout. Many people think this is a compliment to Wei Xiaobao. If carefully analyzed, this is not a compliment, but a satire on China society, which contains a profound criticism of China's social system and national character.

Duke Lushan had a wonderful ending. It is not clear which ethnic group Wei Xiaobao belongs to, including Han, Manchu, Mongolian, Hui and Tibetan. This means that Wei Xiaobao is a descendant of the Chinese nation and a representative of the people of China.

The images of Wei Xiaobao and Ah Q are interlinked, which has been discussed in academic circles. Later, Jin Yong also talked about the relationship between Wei Xiaobao and the image of Ah Q many times. He said: "When writing this book, I often think of Lu Xun's True Story of Ah Q, which emphasizes the spiritual victory method of China people.

Kangxi emperor

Kangxi is another hero of Duke Lushan, and some even say that he is a "real hero". The two images of Kangxi and Wei Xiaobao can be compared. In Duke of Lushan, Kangxi, as the Manchu emperor, made progress and was very successful compared with the images of foreign emperors in previous novels. This Kangxi is smart, generous and kind, basically written as a positive hero. The relationship between Kangxi and Wei Xiaobao is very complicated. It is not a simple relationship between monarch and minister, nor a simple relationship between ourselves and the enemy, nor a simple relationship between brothers. When two people don't know each other's true identity, when two naked lives are together, a sincere friendship arises spontaneously. Two children, you didn't know I was in false eunuch, and I didn't know you were the emperor. They fought and wrestled without restraint. If they are injured, they will be injured, and if they are injured, they will be injured, thus creating a true friendship. At that time, one was called Little Devil and the other was called Little Zi Xuan. This friendship lasted their whole lives. No matter how nervous and hostile they became, Wei Xiaobao committed such a heinous crime that when Kangxi tried to kill him, he remembered their friendship as teenagers. On one occasion, seeing that Kangxi was about to break into a furious rage, Wei Xiaobao quickly knelt down. He knelt down and didn't say anything like "I should die". He said it cleverly: "The little devil has surrendered, and I beg Zi Xuan to forgive me!" This sentence touched Kangxi's heart, and he suddenly returned to that boyhood. How could he have the heart to kill his boyhood friend? For an emperor like Kangxi, he had no friends. People who are emperors have no friends. The more capable people are, the fewer friends they have. His only friend is laurel, with whom he wrestled freely as a child. At this time, man's true nature was revealed, so he forgave Wei Xiaobao.

Jap and Zi Xuan are actually one person, while Wei Xiaobao and Kangxi are actually two sides of one person. Although Kangxi was a competent monarch, he actually envied Wei Xiaobao in his heart, because he was not free, and Wei Xiaobao was much more free than him. He envied Wei Xiaobao for swearing casually, and Wei Xiaobao was "damn" when he opened his mouth. Kangxi, as an emperor, can't say "damn". He is looking forward to Wei Xiaobao's visit. When Wei Xiaobao comes, they can say "Damn it" loudly. Kangxi met Wei Xiaobao, which was a liberation of human nature. So he didn't kill Wei Xiaobao several times, and he also had his own motives. He is willing to let Wei Xiaobao come out and see what Wei Xiaobao can do, because he believes he is better than Wei Xiaobao. When two men were fighting when they were young, Wei Xiaobao couldn't beat him. He learned real martial arts. What he thinks Wei Xiaobao can do, so can he and Michelle Ye. He watched Wei Xiaobao walk out of the palace, which means "if I can do this, I am better than him". So Wei Xiaobao is actually the other side of Kangxi. On the other hand, Kangxi is also the other side of Wei Xiaobao.

Other characters

Chen Jinnan: Master Wei Xiaobao, the chief helmsman of the Heaven and Earth Society.

Su Quan, Fang Yi, Shuang'er, Ake, Mu Jianbing, Princess Channing and Ceng Rou: Seven wives of Wei Xiaobao.

Ao Bai, Pearl Sauetu, Duo Long and Shi Lang: Ministers in Qing Dynasty.

Hu Dedi, Feng, Rootless Taoist, Wu: Leader of Heaven and Earth Society.

Leaders of the Dragon Sect, Fat Toutuo, Thin Toutuo, Mao Dongzhu and Lu.

Zheng Keshuang and Feng Xifan: People of Ming and Zheng regime in Taiwan Province Province.

works appreciation

Overall appreciation

The story of Duke Lushan's novel took place in the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty. Wei Xiaobao, the hero, not only had contacts with Jianghu groups such as the Heaven and Earth Society, the Dragon School and the Prince of Wu School, but also had contacts with various major events during the Kangxi period, and some even participated in them. He also dealt with important historical figures in the Kangxi period, such as Emperor Kangxi, Ao Bai, Suoetu, Wu Sangui and Chen Yuanyuan. , and even the emperor shunzhi, Li Zicheng and other people with life and death mystery overlap. Since Wei Xiaobao entered the officialdom of Qing Dynasty, he has formed his own set of officialdom philosophy. He was born a street thug and can't read many words. Sometimes he handles things completely by himself, which is consistent with the survival of officialdom. In some cases, it will bring freshness to serious officialdom. Throughout the Duke of Lushan, especially with, Soetu, Prince Kang, Shi Lang and others. It does have the taste of "officialdom in the sky".

Lu Yigong's anti-chivalrous image of Wei Xiaobao reflects the characteristics of China's national character, and Jin Yong's criticism of China's national character is devoted to it. As a supplement to Wei Xiaobao's image, Kangxi's image summarizes the other side of China culture. Professor Kong of Peking University thinks that The Duke Of Mount Deer may not be as profound as Lu Xun's The True Story of Ah Q, but because it is a novel, its length is vast and its breadth is even worse. As far as cultural value is concerned, Wei Xiaobao is the most brilliant literary image of China in the 20th century, second only to Ah Q, and its value is comparable to Ah Q's. Wei Xiaobao's image is very ironic. In the second half of the novel, Jin Yong once again linked history with art. He wrote about several real scholars in the history of China, such as Gu and Huang Zongxi, who all wanted to be emperors. This plot can be compared with the Red Flower Festival in the sword book. The reason why the Red Flower Club turned against Qianlong was because they thought Qianlong was * * * and the Han people could not be their emperors. Qianlong should serve * * * and unite * * to overthrow the Manchu rule. Duke of Lushan and this book have the same effect. Emperor Gu Dang was also popular because they thought it was * * * (they didn't even know whether it was * * *). They thought that as long as it was * * *, it was better than Manchu rule. It is obvious who is the better emperor, the Duke of Lushan, Wei Xiaobao or Kangxi. Jin Yong mercilessly satirized the great intellectuals of the Han nationality in China here. These people are so learned, talented and well informed that they have made such a decision and made such an absurd thing. This plot is of course fictional, but the essence is true. In the history of China, it is not uncommon for a large group of intellectuals to support a rogue as an emperor. Duke Lushan played down the definition of ethnic issues in traditional martial arts novels with Wei Xiaobao's words and deeds, and perfected and developed the traditional concept of "national harmony" in China.

This novel is an artistic masterpiece. First, it is very realistic and profoundly reflects that the feudal society in China is still dark even in the prosperous period of Kanggan. The so-called peace and prosperity of historians, in Mr. Lu Xun's view, is nothing more than "being a stable slave." Jin Yong wrote a peaceful and prosperous time with his Duke of Lushan, which is still dark, corrupt in officialdom, killing people everywhere, full of injustice and unfairness. Secondly, this novel is another aspect of romance. Wei Xiaobao, the protagonist, has traveled all over the country, from Yangzhou brothel to Beijing, to Shenlong Island, to Yunnan, to Wu Sangui and even to Russia. He instigated a major coup in Russian history and participated in the signing of the Treaty of Nebuchadnezzar. Wei Xiaobao influenced the history of China, and Wei Xiaobao became a national hero. Moreover, according to Wei Xiaobao's character, only people like him can succeed in the Battle of Nebuchadnezzar and jaxa. At that time, only Wei Xiaobao, an arrogant and unreasonable Russian robber, could deal with it, and it was also dialectical to deal with hooligans by rogue means. This novel is realistic and romantic, with perfect language.

Famous comments

Ni Kuang: Duke Lushan can be regarded as the highest peak and apex of Jin Yong's creation.

Yan Jiayan: Duke of Lushan is a modernist. It is a kind of modernism in martial arts novels, which can be said to be very special.

Chen Mo: A little martial arts, a little chivalrous, like history, like strangeness, that is, "four unlike". It is the original creation of Duke Lushan, and it is also the ingenious formula of Duke Lushan.

Version change

Domestic version

Jin Yong and Duke of Lushan, 1969/kloc-0 began to be serialized in Ming Pao on October 24th and ended on September 23rd, 972. It turns out that the Duke of Lushan is the content of Ming Pao. 198 1 years ago, the original Duke of Lushan was not officially published in Hong Kong and Taiwan.

Taiwan Province version of Duke of Lushan is the earliest version seen at the end of 20 10. Published by Nanqi Publishing House 1977, the title was changed to Shenwumen. * * * There are 32 episodes, each with three chapters and four words in each chapter. This chapter is suspected to be customized by the publishing house, because only one of the later revised editions of Duke of Lushan returns. But the author used the name of Sima Ling, not Jin Yong. In the book, the names of people were changed from Xiaoguizi to Zhu Xiao, Wei Xiaobao to Ren Datong, Wei Chunhua to Ren Chunhua, and the rest of the names remained unchanged. However, the thirty-two episodes of Shenwumen are only the first half of Duke Lushan, and the second half of Duke Lushan is the sequel of Shenwumen with the title of Xiaobailong. 1May, 979, Nanqi Publishing House published six volumes of Little White Dragon, which is the complete version of the original Duke of Lushan. The earlier Shenwumen and Xiaobailong are collectively called Xiaobailong, and the upper and lower volumes of the six volumes are the original Shenwumen, and the upper, middle and lower volumes are earlier. The copyright of the revised edition of Duke of Lushan belongs to Taiwan Province Yuan Jing Publishing House, and the first edition was published in September. 198 1. Later, Yuan Jing transferred the copyright to Liu Yuan Publishing House, and Yuan Jing and Liu Yuan had the same content.

Jin Yong spent ten years revising his 15 martial arts novels from March 1970 to mid 1980. Compared with more revised works, such as Flying Fox of Snowy Mountain rewriting 67% of the original sentences, Duke of Lushan has the least changes.

In the original version, Wei Xiaobao not only knew martial arts, but Jin Yong tried to mold Wei Xiaobao into a martial arts wizard at an early stage. Obviously, this kind of attempt did not break away from the thinking framework of previous novels-an ordinary person gradually became a martial arts master by chance. Later, because Wei Xiaobao's character was not suitable for martial arts, he had to follow his character to develop the plot, and became Wei Xiaobao, who could not fight martial arts. Therefore, when Jin Yong later wrote a book, he abolished all the martial arts that Wei Xiaobao had learned before, leaving only the layman's "six tricks for saving lives" to help, unlike "coup" to escape. There are some details in the revised edition of Duke of Lushan. For example, in the original edition, there are actually two pieces of protective clothing, one of which was copied by Wei Xiaobao and the other was passed on to Kangxi by Shunzhi. When Kangxi revealed that the baby's clothes were stolen, he also revealed the one he was wearing. Later, he said that although there was protective clothing (Wutai Mountain), if the assassin stabbed him in the head, he would die without Wei Xiaobao's protection. In the revised edition, it was changed to one, that is, only Wei Xiaobao stole the valuable clothes of Ao Bai House, which were later given to Wei Xiaobao by Kangxi and Wei Yan.

1999, Jin Yong resumed the revision work and renamed it new revision (or century new revision). Publishing across the Taiwan Straits is authorized by Guangzhou Publishing House in Guangzhou (which started publishing at the end of 2002, replacing the original bookstore), Liu Yuan Publishing House in Taiwan Province and He Mingshe in Hong Kong.

Because readers strongly opposed Jin Yong's revision of the ending (Wei Xiaobao's ending was tragic), the new edition of the century didn't make much revision on the whole, but some mistakes in narration, rank and age in the revised edition were corrected.

Foreign language translation

The Duke of Lushan, translated by British sinologist Minford, has three volumes * * *, which were published by Oxford University Press in 1997, 1999 and 2002 respectively. The first volume was once included as one of the 1998 best-sellers in the world by The Times Literature Supplement International Literature.