How to write the construction technical disclosure?

There are generally two kinds of disclosure forms: technical disclosure and safety disclosure. The effect is obvious, and the technical disclosure directly guides the construction from the technical point of view; Safety disclosure puts forward precautions from the aspects of safety and environmental protection. There are many times when most of them copy the scheme or follow the model of other projects, which has no on-site guiding significance. This kind of technical disclosure can be said that professional workers simply don't bother to take a look. Years of construction experience may be more instructive than those modes. Operable workers have no theoretical knowledge or limited knowledge, and the copied technical disclosure can't solve the actual problems on the spot at all.

First, the role and classification of technical disclosure

(1) What is construction technical disclosure?

Technical disclosure is an extremely important technical management work for construction enterprises, a continuation and improvement of the construction scheme, and also the last pass of pre-control of engineering quality. Its purpose is to make technicians and workers involved in building construction familiar with and understand its characteristics, design intent, technical requirements, construction technology and problems that should be paid attention to.

(2) the role of technical disclosure

Make each technical personnel involved in the construction activities clear about the specific construction conditions, construction organization, specific technical requirements and targeted key technical measures of this project, and systematically grasp the whole picture of the construction process and the key parts of the construction. Through technical disclosure, every worker involved in the construction work knows the specific work content, operation method, construction technology, quality standards and safety precautions of the partial project he wants to complete, so as to ensure that the construction operators have a clear task, know fairly well, carry out orderly construction, reduce all kinds of common quality defects and improve construction quality.

(3) Classification of construction technical disclosure

Construction organization design disclosure: disclosure of key and large-scale project construction organization design. The technical director of the construction enterprise will disclose the main design requirements, construction measures and important matters to the main project management personnel. Other engineering construction organization design disclosure by the project technical director for disclosure. Technical disclosure of special construction scheme: the technical person in charge of the project is responsible for the professional foreman's disclosure according to the special construction scheme.

Technical disclosure of sub-project construction: the professional foreman makes disclosure to the professional construction team (or professional subcontractor). Technical disclosure of "Four Innovations": The technical director of the project will organize relevant professionals to make preparation and disclosure.

Technical disclosure of design change: Technical disclosure of design change: The Project Technology Department will make disclosure to the professional foreman according to the change requirements and in combination with specific construction steps, measures and precautions.

Special disclosure of survey engineering: the engineers and technicians make disclosure to the surveyors.

Safety technical disclosure: the technical personnel in charge of project management shall disclose the technical requirements for safe construction to the construction team and operators.

Second, the preparation requirements of construction technical disclosure

Must comply with the construction specifications, technical operation procedures, quality acceptance specifications, engineering quality evaluation standards and other corresponding provisions.

National technical standards must be implemented, including units of measurement and names.

Meet and realize the technical requirements in the design and construction drawings.

Meet and reflect the intention and specific requirements in the technical disclosure of the technical director at the next higher level, and meet and implement the requirements of construction organization design or construction scheme, including technical measures and construction progress.

For different levels of construction personnel, the depth and detail of technical disclosure are different, that is to say, the content, depth and explanation method of disclosure should be aimed at different personnel.

Technical disclosure should strive to achieve: the main items are complete, the content is specific and clear, in line with the specifications, the key points are prominent, the expression is accurate, the values are justified, and charts are supplemented when necessary. It can play a guiding role in engineering construction and has pertinence, guidance and operability. There shall be no similar contents in the technical disclosure, such as "Matters not covered shall be implemented according to ××××× (specification)". The technical disclosure of construction shall be organized by the technical director of the project, specifically written by the professional foreman and/or technical director, and shall be disclosed to the construction team leader and all construction personnel after being approved by the technical director of the project.

Construction technical disclosure shall be carried out before the project construction.

Third, the preparation content of technical disclosure

(1) Compilation format of technical disclosure

1, project overview

2. Work content and workload

3, quality, safety, progress, civilized construction, environmental protection and other goals.

4, construction preparation

4. 1 material preparation

4.2 Machine preparation

4.3 Operating conditions and personnel preparation

5, operation process

5. 1 process flow

5.2 Preparation for operation

5.3 Construction Technology

6, quality standards

6. 1 main project

6.2 General projects

6.3 Quality control points

7, finished product protection

8. Safety and environment

9, construction matters needing attention.

(2), the content of the construction technical disclosure.

1. The contents of technical disclosure made by the chief engineer of the construction unit to the project manager and technical director shall include the following main aspects:

1) project overview and various technical and economic indicators and requirements;

2) Main construction methods, key construction technologies and problems existing in implementation;

3) Technical treatment details and matters needing attention of special engineering parts;

4) New technology, new process, new material and new structure construction technical requirements, implementation scheme and matters needing attention;

5) Construction organization design network plan, schedule requirements, construction deployment, construction machinery, labor arrangement and organization;

6) The cooperation between the general contractor and subcontractors and the handling of related problems.

7) Construction quality standards and safety technology; Try to adopt standardized operations such as construction methods promoted by this unit.

2. The technical disclosure made by the project technical director to the project director, quality inspector and safety officer of this unit includes the following aspects:

1) general situation of the project and local topography, landforms, engineering geology and various technical and economic indicators;

2) Specific requirements, practices and construction difficulty of design documents;

3) The specific requirements of construction organization design or construction scheme and its implementation steps and methods;

4) the specific practices in construction, what process standards are adopted and what construction methods are adopted by this enterprise; Key links in the implementation process, possible problems and solutions;

5) Construction schedule requirements, process crossover, construction deployment and task determination of construction team;

6) Model, quantity, entry time, operation procedure arrangement and other issues of main construction machinery used in construction;

7) Relevant operating procedures, technical regulations and precautions for new processes, new structures and new materials;

8) Construction quality standards, specific safety technical measures and matters needing attention.

3, professional foreman to each operation team leader and the content of each type of work workers for technical disclosure:

1) focuses on the specific technical requirements of partial construction and the construction technology standards or internal construction methods adopted by each operation team;

2) Construction quality standards of partial projects;

3) Preventive measures and precautions for common quality defects;

4) Construction safety disclosure, introducing the safety accident lessons of similar projects in the past and the specific safety countermeasures that should be taken.

Four, technical disclosure preparation focus

1. Earthwork: properties and characteristics of foundation soil; Location and protection methods of various stakes; Scope and depth of excavation and filling, slope requirements, compaction method of backfill soil and lime soil, and requirements of bulk density index; Removal and treatment methods of groundwater or surface water; Relevant regulations and safety technical measures shall be applied to the construction technology and operation procedures.

2. Masonry building project: building site; Axis position; The horizontal elevation of each floor; Windows and doors hole position; Wall thickness and wall thickness change; Mortar strength grade, mortar mixture ratio, mortar test block number and maintenance; The positions, quantities, specifications and dimensions of reserved holes and embedded parts in each discipline; Quality requirements of bricks, stones and other raw materials at different positions and elevations; Masonry assembly methods and quality standards; Preventive measures and safety precautions for common quality defects.

3. Formwork engineering: the axis and horizontal position, elevation, section form and geometric dimensions of various reinforced concrete members; Formwork support scheme and technical requirements; The specific technical requirements for the strength and stability of the supporting system; Time of form removal; The location, elevation, size and quantity of embedded parts and reserved holes, and the methods to prevent their displacement; Technical requirements and treatment methods of special parts; Quality standard and its preventive measures and safety technical measures.

4. Reinforcement engineering: the type, model, diameter, quantity, connection method and technical requirements of reinforcement in all components; Technical measures to prevent steel bar displacement and maintain the thickness of steel bar protective layer; Methods and procedures of steel bar replacement; Technical treatment of special parity; Matters related to operation, especially aerial work; Quality standards and preventive measures for common quality defects, safety technical measures and precautions.

5. Concrete engineering: types and strength grades of concrete with different grades and elevations; The control of its mixture ratio, water cement ratio and slump and corresponding technical measures; Relevant technical regulations and requirements for mixing, transportation and vibrating; Concrete pouring method and sequence, concrete curing; The location and quantity of construction joints and the specific requirements of corresponding technical measures and specifications; Technical measures for temperature control in mass concrete construction: specific technical details of impervious concrete construction and implementation methods of technical measures; Location, quantity and maintenance of concrete test blocks. Specific technical measures for the displacement of various pretreatment parts and reserved holes should be put in place, especially for the displacement of anchor bolts of mechanical equipment, and specific requirements should be put forward during construction; Quality standard vertebra and quality common fault prevention measures (due to the serious quality problems of concrete engineering, more attention should be paid to technical disclosure), concrete construction safety technical measures and saving measures.

6. Scaffolding project: types, models, quantities, specifications and quality standards of materials used; Shelf erection method, strength and stability technical requirements (must meet the requirements of solid and reliable); Technical measures and requirements for lifting shelves layer by layer; Verticality and settlement deformation requirements of shelf columns; Self-inspection and safety inspection of shelf engineering workers are special inspections. Technical requirements and inspection methods for assembly and installation of important parts of shelves, such as the following supporting cantilever steel frames; Connection mode and requirements of shelves and buildings; The method, sequence and scheduled items of dismantling shelves; Quality standardization and safety measures of shelf engineering.

7. Structural hoisting project: model, weight, quantity and hoisting point position of components to be hoisted at various parts of the building; Technical performance of lifting equipment; Rope specifications, running route of hoisting equipment, hoisting sequence and hoisting method; Hoisting contact signals, labor organization, command and cooperation; Connection mode of hoisting nodes; Connection sequence and method of hoisting component support system; Technical measures for the overall stability of hoisting components (such as prestressed reinforced concrete roof truss) during hoisting; Contact the Municipal Power Supply Bureau for power supply; Matters needing attention in hoisting operation; Error standard of hoisting components and prevention of common quality defects: safety technical measures for hoisting components.

8. Steel structure engineering: model, weight, quantity, geometric size, plane position and elevation of steel structure, varieties, models and specifications of various steels, connection methods and technical measures; Specifications and operation precautions of welding equipment, welding technology and technical standards, technical measures, weld type, position and quality standards; The assembly line sequence of the whole assembly process from parts blanking; The quality standard of steel structure and the prevention and control of common quality diseases should be comprehensively applied, and the construction safety should be technically applied.

9. Floor engineering: floor type, engineering practices and technical requirements, construction sequence of each part and quality standards; Construction technology of new floors or special industries (such as radio and television) with special requirements; Floor quality standards and technical measures taken to ensure engineering quality standards.

10. Roofing and waterproofing works: structure, types and categories of roofing and waterproofing works, types and categories of waterproofing materials, technical performance, characteristics, quality standards and precautions. Types and mixture ratio, apparent density, thickness and operation technology of insulation layer and waterproof material, basic practices and basic technical requirements, and methods and operations of paving or painting; Various node processing methods; Engineering water-stopping technology that has not been treated and needs to be treated in seepage prevention and coagulation; Protection and antivirus in operation and its safety measures.

1 1. Decoration engineering: the types, grades, practices and requirements, quality standards and technical measures for the protection of finished products in various parts; New decoration materials, construction technology and operation steps with special decoration requirements, as well as cross-operation with related processes; Safety technical measures, especially the safety measures for external decoration aerial work.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) implementation method of technical disclosure

Meeting disclosure: The chief engineer of the construction unit generally makes technical disclosure to the project manager and technical director in the form of technical meeting disclosure. The meeting was presided over by the chief engineer of the construction company, and professional engineers such as relevant departments, project managers and project technical leaders attended the meeting. Introduce the construction organization design or construction scheme of the project, put forward the specific implementation methods and requirements, and then the engineering department will explain the key details in the construction scheme in detail, put forward the suspension requirements (including the construction progress), and the quality and safety inspection department will make detailed disclosure on the construction quality and technical safety measures.

Written disclosure: The technical person in charge of the project should emphasize the form of written disclosure when making technical disclosure to the operation team leaders and workers, not only because written technical disclosure is indispensable in the technical data of engineering construction, but also should be filed after construction, which is an important symbol to distinguish technical responsibilities. Especially in the event of major quality accidents and safety accidents, identifying the technical person in charge is a major symbol.

Construction template disclosure: When new technologies, new structures, new processes and new materials are used for the first time, for the sake of prudence, template disclosure is often used for some partial projects in construction projects. The so-called template disclosure means that according to the technical requirements of design drawings, under the premise of conforming to the construction and acceptance specifications, the old workers with high technical level in this enterprise first make templates that meet the standards of top-quality products in a natural room, a column, a beam, a wall and a template of the construction project, and use them as physical models for other workers to learn, so that other workers can master the operation essentials and be familiar with the operation steps and quality standards of the construction technology.

Technical disclosure of post: the construction of sub-projects consists of different types of work, processes and posts. For example, in concrete engineering, not only concrete workers pour concrete, but also formwork support, concrete batching, mixing in advance, and pouring concrete in a predetermined area after horizontal and vertical transportation. This subdivisional work is reasonably coordinated by multiple types of work. Only by ensuring the operation quality of these different positions can the quality of concrete engineering be guaranteed. Some construction enterprises have formulated the responsibility system for workers' operation posts and the operation process cards. According to the specific conditions of the construction site, post disclosure shall be made to the workers in written form at any time, and specific operation requirements, including safety operation requirements, shall be put forward.

Six, technical disclosure management procedures and matters needing attention

(1) Technical disclosure must be carried out on the basis of comprehensive joint review of unit engineering drawings, and before the construction of unit engineering or division or subdivisional work. Technical clarificaiton should set aside appropriate time for construction preparation, and shall not be added afterwards.

(2) Technical disclosure shall be made in written form, supplemented by oral explanation. The disclosing party and the receiving party shall perform the handover and signature procedures in time, and submit them to the documenter for filing and keeping in time.

(3) Technical disclosure should be based on the engineering tasks and construction needs, and the operation process disclosure and construction safety disclosure should be carried out step by step.

(4) When accepting technical disclosure, the recipient should understand the disclosure content. All levels of disclosure should implement the disclosure before construction, in-process inspection and post-construction acceptance, and the disclosure work should be implemented.

(5) The technical disclosure shall be written neatly, signed by the disclosure person and the handover person, and the disclosure date, project name and other contents shall be clearly written. The technical disclosure shall be made in triplicate, one for the disclosing party and one for the delivering party.

(6) Technical disclosure should be scientific.

The so-called scientific nature refers to the correct basis, correct understanding and correct disclosure. Construction specifications, procedures, drawings, atlas and standards are the basis for preparing technical disclosure. The key is how to correctly understand and flexibly use them according to the actual situation of this project, so that the team can correctly construct according to the disclosure documents.

(7) Technical disclosure shall be operable.

The specific dimensions of the building structure should be disclosed, and a sampling inspection system for construction drawings should be established to ensure that the on-site construction team has clear marks and easy-to-understand construction details no matter where the construction is carried out; Technical disclosure should be based on the guiding ideology of "everything done on site is written on the disclosure and painted on the disclosure", and there should be no free play of team construction. Once there is any missing item, the team will solve it immediately through certain procedural feedback.

(8) Practicality

Words such as "construction according to design drawings and construction and acceptance specifications" and "shall comply with ……" are not allowed in technical disclosure. On the basis of detailed drawings, the control points of design drawings should be clearly written, and the key clauses of specifications should be reflected in detailed drawings and control points. At the same time, the specific quality standards to be achieved should be clearly written as the basis of team self-inspection, so that the construction personnel can start construction according to the acceptance standards, which embodies the idea of process management and makes the construction personnel change from passive to active.

(9) The difference between construction technical disclosure and construction organization design, construction scheme and work instruction.

The construction team, construction plan, technical disclosure and work instruction are documents at different levels. Among these documents, the construction organization is the programmatic document of the whole project, and the construction scheme should be instructive. Construction measures are a part of the specific content of the construction plan, and technical disclosure is an extension of the construction plan, which should be operable. Work instructions can be said to be the refinement of technical disclosure. The relationship between work instruction and technical disclosure is the same as that between construction scheme and construction team.

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