What is the twenty-seven-year history of the development of e-commerce?

Twelve-year history of the development of e-commerce in China (a) germination and start-up period (1997-1999): Characteristics: the industry is recognized as the first batch of e-commerce sites in the country's founding period began in 1997 start-up three years. At that time, the brand-new introduction concept of the Internet inspired the first batch of new economy entrepreneurs, who believed that traditional trade information would be exchanged and disseminated with the help of the Internet, with unlimited business opportunities. As a result, from 1997 to 1999, well-known e-commerce websites such as US.com, ChemNet China, 8848, Alibaba, eBay, Dangdang and so on emerged successively. Data: According to the survey of China B2B Research Center: Among the e-commerce websites that have been established, 5.2% were founded in the 1990s. This stage is undoubtedly the budding and starting period of e-commerce in China. (B) Freezing and adjustment period (2000-2002): Characteristics: 2000-2002, in the context of the bursting of the Internet bubble, the development of e-commerce has been seriously affected, the confidence of entrepreneurs has undergone a serious challenge, especially some of the serious dependence on foreign investment "blood transfusion", and they have not yet found a profit model with "blood-creation". Particularly some enterprises that rely heavily on outside investment for blood transfusion and have not yet found their own profit model with the function of "blood production" have experienced the severe test of ice and fire. As a result, including 8848, U.S. network, Alibaba, including the well-known e-commerce site into the brutal winter stage, while relying on "membership + advertising" model of industry website clusters, most of the collective profitability, and peacefully through the Internet's most difficult "cold wave "Data: According to China B2B Research, the number of industry websites in China is increasing. Data: According to the survey of China B2B Research Center: the e-commerce website created during the three years is less than 12.1% of the total number of existing websites. Undoubtedly, the stage is China's e-commerce freezing and adjustment period. (C) Recovery and Warming-up Period (2003-2005): Characteristics: After e-commerce experienced a trough, there was a rapid recovery and warming-up after a sudden "SARS" in 2003, and some e-commerce websites were also more prudent and pragmatic in dealing with the profitability model and low-cost operation after the burst of the bubble. Data: According to the survey of China B2B Research Center: the total number of existing e-commerce websites accounted for 30.1% of the total number of existing websites, the number of enterprise members applying e-commerce began to increase significantly in 2003 to become a number of e-commerce websites, especially B2B websites, "revenue balance year", the stage is undoubtedly China's The stage is undoubtedly China's e-commerce freezing and adjustment period. (D) the rise and high-speed development period (2006-2007): Characteristics: the improvement of the Internet environment, the popularization of the concept of e-commerce to bring great opportunities for development, various types of e-commerce platforms, the rapid increase in the number of members, most of the B2B industry e-commerce site began to realize profits. The "wealth effect" triggered by the successive IPOs of Netsun Business Bao and Alibaba, which focused on B2B, greatly stimulated the enthusiasm of entrepreneurs and investors for e-commerce. the dream of IPOs, benign competition in the industry, and the enthusiasm for entrepreneurship and investment have greatly boosted China's e-commerce development. The dream of IPO, healthy competition in the industry and the enthusiasm of entrepreneurial investment in the "three carriages", greatly promoting China's industry e-commerce into a new round of high-speed development and business model innovation stage, derived from a richer form of services and profit models, and the number of e-commerce sites is also increasing rapidly. Data: According to the China B2B Research Center survey shows that: only in 2007, the number of domestic e-commerce sites of all types of founding more than 30.3% of the total number of existing sites. This stage is the rise of e-commerce in China and the stage of rapid development. (E) transformation and upgrading period (2008-2009): Characteristics: the global financial tsunami came unexpectedly, the rapid deterioration of the global economic environment, resulting in a considerable number of small and medium-sized enterprises in our country struggling to make headway, especially foreign trade and export enterprises have been greatly hindered. As the Internet industry with the highest degree of correlation with the traditional industry of e-commerce, it is difficult to avoid being alone. Affected by the industrial chain, foreign trade online B2B bore the brunt of the Tuotuo network, universal business network, HC Ningbo network, Alibaba as the representative of export-oriented e-commerce service providers, have been closed, or layoffs and reorganization, or growth slowdown. At the same time, in the foreign trade to domestic sales and expand domestic demand, reduce the cost of goods sold under the guidance of the domestic trade online B2B and vertical segments of the B2C has been a new round of high-speed development, a number of B2C service providers to obtain a substantial number of VC's capital in favor of the traditional manufacturers have been involved in the water, B2C has achieved unprecedented development and prosperity. In the C2C field, with the entry of the search engine giant Baidu, online shopping users have gained more space for choice, and the competition in the industry has become more intense. Data: According to a survey by China B2B Research Center, e-commerce websites created in less than two years accounted for 22.3% of the total number of existing websites, and 75.4% of e-commerce websites are focused on industry segments of B2C. The e-commerce industry in this period has accelerated the pace of elimination of winners and losers, and the innovation of models, products, services and other innovations have emerged. Undoubtedly, this stage is the transformation and upgrading period of China's e-commerce.