12. Problems and main strategic directions in the development process of urbanization in my country.

1. Main existing problems: Because it is subject to specific political, economic and social backgrounds, the development path of urbanization in my country not only presents the unique characteristics of countries around the world, but also shows its own individual differences.

During the urbanization process of more than half a century after the founding of the People's Republic of China, both the number of cities and their functions have experienced tremendous development.

However, with the acceleration of the market economy and the rapid upgrading of the industrial structure, especially the subsequent acceleration of the off-site employment of rural surplus labor, many contradictions accumulated in the process of urbanization in my country have become increasingly prominent.

Generally speaking, it is manifested in six aspects.

1. Urban and rural areas are divided and coordination is poor.

Under the influence of the long-term planned economy's "urban-rural division" system, the urban-rural "dual" social and economic structure has been created, solidified and even continuously strengthened.

With the help of a series of systems such as household registration system, labor employment system, grain and oil supply system, social security system, medical care, and education system, the government has gradually formed a differentiated management system between urban and rural areas.

Due to differences in residential areas and occupations, urban and rural residents eventually develop differences in identity and status, which is the so-called urban-rural difference.

Under the conditions of the market economy, due to the location and functional advantages of the city itself, the strengthening effect of its agglomeration economic effect has further widened the gap between urban and rural areas, forming an industrial pattern of "city-industry, rural-agriculture", which ultimately made

The city and the countryside have evolved into two man-made closed systems that are relatively independent of each other.

Due to the magnetizing effect of cities, funds and talents that are originally scarce in rural areas are rationally "plundered" by cities.

The issue of equity between urban and rural areas is more obvious in our country as an inherent flaw that is difficult to overcome in the market economy.

2. The structure is similar and the characteristics are not obvious.

my country's urbanization development model originated from the needs of the heavy industrialization development strategy. Therefore, its regional spatial layout and the cultivation of leading industries show obvious planned economy characteristics.

First, administrative preferences are reflected in urban spatial layout.

One is the strong administrative monopoly on urban site selection and planning.

The government takes care of all matters in urban construction, while urban and rural residents as vital stakeholders are almost completely excluded; secondly, most cities are the seat of the local government, and they are very politically charged.

In contrast, economic factors, which are the main driving force for the emergence and development of cities, have taken a back seat.

Secondly, the similarity of industrial structures between cities has become a common phenomenon.

Due to political factors rather than economic factors, large, medium and small cities all hope to use various lobbying methods to win more projects and funds for the local area, and strive to create more projects and funds for government officials by building a complete industrial system.

political achievements.

On the one hand, the isomorphic urban structure intensifies excessive competition among cities; on the other hand, the ambiguity of regional characteristics and industrial characteristics directly erodes the comparative advantages of different cities.

3. The urban system is not perfect and the synergy effect is insufficient.

Subject to the needs of the political and economic environment in different periods, my country's urbanization development strategy shows obvious short-term characteristics.

After the founding of the People's Republic of China, there was a gradual transition from "restricting the development of large cities and small towns and moderate development of medium-sized cities" to "vigorously developing small towns" after the 1980s.

The formulation and implementation of my country's urbanization strategy seems to be more about expediency to solve specific contradictions, lacking integrity and foresight, and planning urban development from a static and isolated perspective.

In fact, cities of different sizes have their own advantages and disadvantages.

For example, big cities have strong agglomeration effects, but their "urban disease" symptoms are also more obvious; small towns are widely distributed and close to rural markets, which are more conducive to the exchange of production factors between urban and rural areas, but their aggregation functions are weak.

Land waste is more serious; medium-sized cities have the advantages and disadvantages of both.

Therefore, one cannot simply evaluate the pros and cons of which type of city.

4. Emphasis on the catalytic role of administration and lack of industrial support.

As we all know, the emergence of cities stems from the inherent needs of economic development, and the development of cities is also the dynamic result of the natural evolution accompanying economic development.

In the process of urbanization, administrative power only plays a certain supporting role in the short term and at the superficial level.

This is a unique law in the urbanization process of developed countries in the world.

However, my country's urbanization process shows a large degree of deviation from this law, and administrative power plays a far more important role than market factors.

When it comes to cultivating leading industries in cities, their positioning is either vague and wavering, or they “learn” from each other and simply copy.

As a result, not only a lot of resources are wasted, but also the urban structure is the same and the functions are single.

At the same time, the lack of support from core leading industries has also resulted in a serious lack of motivation for the city's subsequent development, resulting in a lag in the improvement of urban service capabilities.

5. Pay attention to external expansion and ignore the improvement of internal functions.

Since the 1980s, the implementation of the "spread the pie" small town development strategy and the intensification of the enthusiasm for landmark buildings such as Rehe Plaza and Pedestrian Street in new urban areas of large and medium-sized cities have not only wasted precious land resources, but also caused unreasonable demolition compensation.

Too many social disputes have turned into potential social instability factors.

While the upsurge in expanding urban peripheral space is getting higher and higher, the improvement of existing urban functions is seriously lagging behind.

Judging from the appearance of the urban landscape, our cities are no worse than those in Western developed countries, but they are vastly different in terms of the improvement of urban service functions and the accumulation of urban civilization.