What are the hundred schools of thought classified in Liu Xin's "Seven Strategies" book?

The content of "seven liu" is very rich, there are series liu, six arts liu, Zhuzi liu, poetry and fugue liu, military books liu, arts and mathematics liu, square technology liu. The series (set of strategy) summarizes the six strategies, explains the significance of 38 kinds of major and minor categories of six strategies, is a brief history of academics, the pre-Qin and Western Han academic thought of the evolution of the source and flow of a brief account, equivalent to the narrative example. The "Seven Lillo" to the "Records" of the narrative abridged, the title is omitted, the 20 volumes of the "Records" into 7 volumes of the "Seven Lillo", so the "Lillo" word has the meaning of "abbreviated". Some scholars say that the Seven Abridged Records is an abridged version of the Beilu. In fact, there are only six categories in the Seven Abstracts, which can also be called the Six Abstracts. The contents of the Six Liao are Six Arts Liao, Zhu Zi Liao, Poetry and Fugue Liao, Military Books Liao, Art Liao, and Square Techniques Liao.

The six arts of the Confucian classics and the six readings (i.e., scripture) from the pre-Qin period to the beginning of the Eastern Han Dynasty, divided into Yi, Shu, Poetry, Rites, Music, Spring and Autumn Annals, the Analects of Confucius, the Book of Filial Piety, and the elementary school of nine kinds, 103 recorded books, 3,123 articles. The Six Arts (Six Classics) are the classical works of Confucianism. The Han Dynasty attached importance to the Six Classics and put the Six Arts (Six Classics) in the first place. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty dismissed the hundred schools and exclusively honored Confucianism, and the Six Classics were elevated to the status of official academics. The Analects of Confucius, the Classic of Filial Piety, and the Primary School were the textbooks recited in schools during the Han Dynasty. The Analects of Confucius and the Classic of Filial Piety are the books of the Han Dynasty; elementary school is the basis for reading the scriptures, and there is no way to read the scriptures without literacy. Therefore, the Analects of Confucius, the Book of Filial Piety, and the Primary School were categorized as the Six Arts. Shiben", "the state language", "warring states strategy", "too much history", "Chu Han Spring and Autumn Annals" and other history books 8 411 attached to the six arts in the spring and autumn category.

Zhuzi strategy income pre-qin to the early eastern han zhuzi hundred writings, divided into Confucianism, Taoism, yin and yang, law, name, ink, zhengheng and huang, miscellaneous, agriculture, novels ten, recorded books 189, 4324. Sima Tan "on the six schools of thought" divided the warring states era thought community into yin and yang, Confucianism, ink, name, law, six schools of thought, on behalf of the warring states thought community of the six circles of influence. Liu Xin's zhuzi strategy on the basis of Sima talk "on the six schools of thought", and then supplemented the vertical and horizontal, miscellaneous, agriculture, novels, four schools, become 10 schools, which includes the ancient Chinese philosophy, economy and other aspects of science. During the Han Dynasty, Confucianism was mainly advocated, followed by the miscellaneous schools. During the Warring States period, the country was divided and there was an urgent need for talent, resulting in different doctrines and academic freedom. The most pre-Christian writings among the zhuzi were Taoism, followed by Confucianism and Yin-Yangism. Confucianism believes that the doctrines of the Hundred Schools of Thought are tributaries of the classics, and that if the Six Classics are used as a guide to draw on the strengths of each school, they can be used as a guide to the strategies of the Ten Thousand Directions, and are therefore listed as the second. Han Shu - Arts and Letters Zhi" in the "plurals strategy" said: "the plurals ten, which can be viewed by nine only. All started in the king's way is weak, the power of the lords, when the king of the world, good and bad different parties, is to nine of the art of the bee out and made, each cited one end, Chong its good, and this Chui said, to take together with the lords. Though their words are different, the fire is like water, and the fire is extinguished and also born together. Benevolence and righteousness, respect and and, on the contrary, they are all compatible. The Yi said: 'The world is the same but different, consistent and a hundred considerations.' Today, different families, each push the strengths, poor knowledge of the study, in order to clarify its finger, although there are short of the shield, and its main return, but also the "six scriptures" of the branch and the flow of the descendants. If the person is treated by a wise king or a holy lord, and if he or she is favored by him or her, he or she will become a member of his or her team. Zhongni said: 'Seek the wild for the loss of etiquette.' Nowadays, the saints have been gone for a long time, and there is nothing more to be done, so the nine families are not as bad as the wild? If you can practice the six arts. If you can cultivate the art of the six arts, and view the words of these nine schools, and take the long and short of them, you will be able to understand the strategy of the ten thousand directions."

Poetry and fugu strategy income song and fugu creation, divided into qu yuan and other fugu, lu jia and other fugu, leiqing (xun fugu) fugu, miscellaneous fugu, song and poetry, recorded books 106, 1318. Fugu is a particularly developed style of writing in the Han Dynasty, with the use of exaggerated techniques, copying things to express the feelings of the style, by virtue of the things and inspire feelings, can observe the customs, understand the simplicity and lightness of the wind and morals. Poetry and fugue only have a big sequence without a small sequence. The Han Book - Arts and Letters - Poetry and Fugue said: "The biography said: 'not singing and reciting is called fugue, ascent can be fugue can be a great doctor.' The words of the sense of creation of special, material know deep beauty, can be with the map, so can be for the list of the great doctor also. Ancient lords and feudal lords and ministers and daughters of the neighboring countries, to micro-linguistic mutual feelings, when the time of greeting, must be called "Poetry" to Oracle its aspirations, cover to don't virtuous or unworthy and view the prosperity and decline of the Yan. Therefore, Confucius said 'do not learn "poetry", no words' also. After the Spring and Autumn, Zhou Dao dip bad, hiring song not in the countries, learn the "poetry" of the Shi Yi in cloth, and the sage lost the will of the fugue carry on. ...... since filial piety wu set up music and ballads, so there are generation, Zhao's eulogy, Qin, Chu's wind, are feeling in sorrow and music, because of the incident and hair, can also view the customs, know the thin and thick cloud." Separate into poetry and fugue strategy, not into the six arts strategy of poetry, otherwise the proportion of the length of the imbalance.

The book of military strategy includes writings on military theory and practice, which are divided into four categories: military power, military situation, military yin and yang, and military skills. Military power refers to strategy; military situation refers to tactics; military yin and yang refers to weather, medicine, geography, divination, etc.; military skills refers to the use of military technology, military skills. Since the Spring and Autumn and Warring States, frequent wars, so many military writings, alone into the military books, plus the Han Dynasty rulers attach importance to military books, military books reflect the characteristics of the times. The military book of the book recorded 53 books, 790 articles, such as "Wu Sun Zi Art of War" eighty-two, "Qi Sun Zi" eighty-nine, "Gongsun Yang" twenty-seven, "Wu Qi" forty-eight, "Fan Li" two, "Bao Zi Art of War" ten, "five Zixi" ten, and so on.

Techniques of the income of yin and yang techniques of writings, divided into astronomy, calendar, five elements, yarrow turtle, miscellaneous accounted for, the shape of the law of six categories, astronomy, including astronomy, astrology (theological superstition to explain the heavens); calendar category, including calendars, the day counting; the category of the yin and yang of the five elements, five elements; yarrow turtle class refers to the book of divination; miscellaneous accounted for class refers to the daily life, the production of the book of the specific divinations; the class of the law of the shape of the book of the topography, feng shui, the face. Art and mathematics include books on astronomy, calendar, divination, astrology, and mathematics, i.e., books belonging to natural and applied sciences, which are closely related to people's daily life, and some of them belong to feudal superstitions. (Originally written by Xia Shiho) Fangji Liao contains writings on the formula techniques of the immortals and is divided into four categories: medical scriptures, scriptural formulae (medicinal formulae), housing, and divine immortals. Medical scriptures refer to books on pathology, physiology, and principles of treatment, such as Huangdi Neijing (18 volumes), Waijing (37 volumes), and Bianjie Neijing (9 volumes). And the loss of its appropriate, in order to heat gain heat, cold to increase cold, the essence of the internal injury, do not see the outside, is the only loss. Therefore, the proverb says: there is no cure, often get Chinese medicine." Room refers to the book of male and female sex, such as "Mi Play Miscellaneous Zi Dao" (20 articles), "Huang Di San Wang Yang Nourishing Fang" (20 volumes), "three families within the room with a child's prescription" (17 volumes) and so on. The immortal refers to the book of eating pills for longevity, such as "Huang Di Qibo Massage" (10 volumes), "Huang Di Miscellaneous Zi Bu Citation" (12 volumes) and so on. Fang Technique is a collection of books about medicine and health of life, life expectancy, reproduction, recorded books 36, 868. The ancients did not attach importance to science (technology) and looked down on the arts and crafts, so the two strategies (arts and crafts, and square techniques) came last.

Three, the "seven" academic value

(a) "seven" classification method of science

"Seven" (also known as "six") is divided into six categories, subclasses, class subclasses, ***38 subclasses, 38 subclasses of 33 small order ("Poetry and Fugue" subclasses are not in the order), the six categories of the big order, the whole book has a general preface. The general preface, big preface, small preface are collected in the "series of abbreviations". The general preface, the preface, and the small preface are all collected in the "Series". Under each type and divided into several volumes or several, recorded books 603, 13219 volumes. The classification method of "seven" is scientific: (1) based on the academic nature of the division, in line with the actual situation of the academic development at that time, is a major innovation of the book classification method, such as the six arts slightly to the object of the ancient book points; zhuzi slightly to the academic thought points; poetry and fugue slightly to the genre of the article office; military books slightly to the role of points; arts and mathematics slightly, square technology slightly to the professional points. (2) Books of the same kind were divided according to the order of the times. (3) The book less not a class of people attached to the nature of similar and so on, respectively, this is called inter-authored method, such as the military book slightly skill family has the "Mozi", and all the son of slightly Mozi family has the "Mozi". (4) Academic nature of the same again according to the school of thought or genre differences in classification. (5) A book that can be categorized into two categories is interspersed in the two categories. (6) a book in a class can be included in other categories have to be cut out of the article, alone into another category, which is called "cut method", that is, the analysis of the record, such as the plurinationalist Taoist "tube" in the "discipleship" out of the record to the six arts and rituals category. Discipleship" is about the disciples should abide by the rules, academic and moral conduct, early work, the duties, the industry should be guests, serving food, meals, sweeping, candles, serving Mr. bed rest and review the rules, is a child into the moral training and the rules of the teacher, this is one of our country's ancient content of the most comprehensive, the most complete chapters, the account of the most clear, and the oldest rules of school rules and regulations. (7) Excerpts from the outline of the narrative. (8) A bibliography without a title.

(2) The Seven Scholarships are distinct and clearly organized

The Six Scholarships are a collection of academic knowledge, so they are placed in the first place; the Sons of Zhou are the tributaries of the Six Scholarships, so the Sons of Zhou are placed in the second place; the Poetry and Fugue Scholarships reflect that there were many poetic and fuguistic works at the time; the Scholarships of the War reflect that there was a heavy emphasis on military affairs, and that military affairs were firstly about strategy, then tactics, and then time, geography, location, and people and as a safeguard, and then soldiers were skilled in the use of weapons and victory; the Arts and Sciences and the Square Technique Scholarships reflect that there were a great number of soldiers who were skillfully using the weapon and were able to achieve success. The art of numbering and square technique reflect that science and technology were not emphasized at that time, and science and technology and superstition were mixed together. The arts and techniques of astronomy, calendars, the five elements, the turtle, miscellaneous occupation, the shape of the law, the order is from the sky to the ground, from astronomy to geography; square techniques of medical scriptures, scriptures, room, fairy, said to understand the physiology, in order to cure the disease with medicines and prescriptions, and healthy men and women who are not ill to give birth to their offspring, and then to seek longevity as a fairy.

(3) The Seven Loremasters is a model of cataloging work

The Seven Loremasters reflects the state of academic thought from the pre-Qin Dynasty to the Western Han Dynasty and the level of scientific and cultural understanding at that time. The classification of the six categories of the "Qiliao" (six points), laid the foundation of China's book classification, "Qiliao" in China's book classification of the indelible merit of the first. The first to write a small preface to understand the academic source of the division, reflecting the identification of academic chapter, the examination of the mirror source of the characteristics of ancient China's catalog work as a model.

(4) The Seven Lore reflects the academic trend and achievements at that time

The Six Arts Lore reflects the importance of Confucianism at that time; the Lore reflects the hundred schools of thought in the Spring and Autumn Period, the Warring States Period, and the beginning of the Han Dynasty; the Poetry and Fugue Lore reflects the fact that there are many works of literature and professional writers, and that literature is not moving from independence to self-consciousness; the Book of Military Science Lore reflects the fact that our country has always attached importance to military affairs, and that the Emperor Wudi attached more importance to the study of military affairs when he was at war. The art of counting, square technology reflects the achievements of China's medicine, traditional Chinese medicine and calendar at that time.

Fourth, the "seven" on the influence of later generations

Eastern Han Dynasty repair of the book catalog are based on the "seven" system compiled by the East Han Ban Gu "Han Shu - Arts and Letters Zhi" compiled by the "seven" influence, "Han Shu - Arts and Letters Zhi" preserved the "seven" of the three Kingdoms, the Jin dynasty, North and South dynasty bibliography is very respectful of the "seven", to inherit, innovation.