Explore the sustainable development of contemporary green industrial buildings?

Under the background of developing sustainable green and low-carbon buildings in China, the sustainable development of green industrial buildings in China is discussed from the evaluation contents of green buildings such as energy saving, land saving, material saving, water saving and indoor and outdoor environment.

1 Future-oriented industrial buildings

1. 1 Traditional industrial buildings lack sustainable development.

For a long time, most traditional industrial buildings in China have not achieved sustainable development. Industrial buildings produce a lot of urban noise, air pollution, water pollution and garbage discharge, which affect the health of urban residents. At the same time, environmental pollution not only seriously damages people's physical and mental health, but also seriously affects the use of industrial buildings themselves. The simplest example is that industrial buildings are generally short-lived

Under the influence of today's low-carbon society and green building wave, sustainable development has become the theme of world development, and the concept of green building has also entered the field of industrial building design. China's Twelfth Five-Year Plan for Building Energy Conservation points out that by the end of the Twelfth Five-Year Plan, China's building energy conservation will form the energy-saving capacity of11600 million tons of standard coal, of which 45 million tons of standard coal will be formed in green buildings. This requires that the construction industry, including industrial buildings, must actively embark on the road of green development.

1.2 from traditional industrial buildings to modern industrial buildings

In people's minds, compared with civil buildings, industrial buildings only pursue economy and practicality. General industrial buildings always give people the impression of being heavy, big, ugly and rough, which is people's basic understanding of industrial buildings. However, since the 2nd/kloc-0th century, new changes have taken place in social division of labor, and the industrial structure has been different from that of decades ago. The development mode of China's economy has also changed from extensive to intensive, and enterprises have been upgrading with each passing day, and modern high-tech industries have replaced traditional industries. In this context, industrial buildings also have new demands: on the one hand, for the health protection of personnel, the indoor and outdoor environment of buildings is required more, and at the same time, the construction cost and energy consumption of buildings are greatly increased; On the other hand, people have a new demand for the image of industrial buildings, and industrial buildings also need to become new buildings that reflect the characteristics of the times and spiritual demands.

2 Advantages and values of industrial buildings

The advantage of industrial architecture lies in its typical demonstration function and unique innovation advantage. Gropius, a pioneer of modern architecture, believes that industrial architecture should be a model of residential architecture. Engineers always seek to produce the simplest products with the least labor, time, raw materials and funds. Industrial buildings, like other products, have been assembled and manufactured in factories for a long time, much earlier than the construction industry has adopted the same prefabricated assembly measures for residential buildings. In this respect, industrial buildings undoubtedly have a leading edge.

For every construction project, an ingenious innovative scheme, including form, material, color and every detail from the inside out, embodies a complete and clear concept. Because of its particularity, industrial buildings have more advantages in pursuing green building innovation. New materials, forms and structural details can be tried and innovated in green industrial buildings. In this regard, industrial buildings are not only facing great challenges, but also facing great opportunities.

3 Development of sustainable green industrial buildings

3. 1 Developing green buildings has become the mainstream of society.

The concept of green building originated in the 1960s, when it focused on the research of building technology development, hoping to achieve development and breakthrough in the field of building energy conservation through technological progress. The scope of green building involves not only the research and development of new building materials and the innovative research of existing structural nodes, but also the exploration of new building structural system and the utilization of renewable energy. In the following decades, the practice of green building was carried out in many countries around the world, and many research results including building energy-saving technology, green planting technology, renewable energy technology, new energy technology and recycling technology were gradually applied to building practice. Today, the development of green buildings has been in full swing and spread all over the world.

3.2 Green industrial buildings cannot be separated from design.

The green energy-saving design of industrial buildings is not an independent subject, but a process of combining design with practice, and it is a systematic project. This project requires that the low-carbon strategy of the building should be considered from the early planning, and the concepts of green, low-carbon, energy saving and environmental protection should be introduced and run through the whole design. At the beginning of design, there should be various professional engineers involved to work out the green scheme of the building. For example, if HVAC engineers don't intervene at the beginning, there will often be many remedial measures in the later stage, which will be difficult to become the optimal measures, resulting in waste.

Taking building energy efficiency as an example, energy-saving design should first have the goal of energy-saving design, which should be scientific and reasonable, in line with the level of economic development, and at the same time, the goal of energy-saving design should be forward-looking and long-term. This goal can not only meet the national energy saving percentage requirements, but also put forward higher requirements according to the characteristics of the project. Only by constantly putting forward higher requirements can we constantly break through and surpass; It is the most critical and decisive step to select the most suitable energy-saving technology and strategy on the basis of defining the energy-saving goal and integrating various factors. At the same time, building energy-saving technology needs reasonable organization and flexible application, and cannot be simply piled up or ignored. Energy-saving measures without reasonable planning are often difficult to achieve the purpose of energy saving, but cause waste of resources and energy.

4 vigorously develop green industrial buildings

As early as June 20 10, China's "Evaluation Guidelines for Green Industrial Buildings" was compiled and approved by the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development in August of the same year. On the basis of this guideline, the Evaluation Standard for Green Industrial Buildings, edited by the Sixth Design and Research Institute of Machinery Industry and China Institute of Building Science, passed the examination on 20 1 1, was released in August of 20 13, and came into effect in March of 20 13. This standard puts forward the concept of "green industrial building" for the first time in the world, grasps the characteristics and problems of industrial buildings, and provides a strong basis and evaluation standard for the green design of industrial buildings in various industries. This standard puts forward the evaluation standards of land saving, energy saving, water saving, material saving, outdoor environment and pollutant control, indoor environment and occupational health, operation management and so on. Among them, the evaluation standard of indoor pollution and occupational health is the innovation of the evaluation standard of green industrial buildings, which embodies the people-oriented spirit.

4. 1 Green industrial buildings and land conservation

With the acceleration of urbanization, a large number of land resources in China have disappeared, and the demand for land saving in construction projects has become more and more prominent. In order to save land, green industrial buildings should first fully study the industrial production form and internal logistics characteristics, and then make reasonable planning and design on this basis to make full use of limited land resources; Secondly, it is also very important to design single buildings with reasonable and efficient land. It is necessary to consider the ground and underground as a whole, fully consider the application of three-dimensional space, break the previous thinking that industrial buildings are mainly single-storey space, fully study and scientifically demonstrate, and achieve appropriate density, simplicity and efficiency; Third, we should make full use of barren hills, wasteland, poor land and other non-arable land. Try not to occupy more and more valuable cultivated land resources; Fourthly, in the design of industrial buildings, it is important to deal with the wastes and pollutants generated in the building reasonably to avoid polluting the surrounding cultivated land, which is also an important embodiment of saving land.

4.2 Green industrial buildings and energy saving

Energy conservation and new energy development are two important aspects to solve the current energy crisis. Because building energy consumption accounts for 30% ~ 40% of the total social energy consumption, energy saving in the building field is very important in the whole social energy saving.

Industrial buildings have great energy-saving potential. In the design of green industrial buildings, energy consumption should be an important design objective parameter, which determines every detail of industrial building design from initial site selection to normal operation: in the overall planning and structural form selection, we should make a clear judgment according to the sun's orientation; It is necessary to combine climatic conditions with the proposed green technology; Rationally organize streamline to reduce transportation energy consumption; We should make full use of the heating, ventilation and air conditioning in the operation of industrial buildings and the waste heat generated in the production process to serve the production. Generally speaking, excellent green industrial buildings need little mechanical or manual heating, ventilation and lighting.

On the energy saving of green industrial buildings, architects should form the following understandings: first, the cheapest energy is actually a good energy-saving design scheme, and a good energy-saving design scheme is the best choice; Second, because we should make full use of passive solar energy. Moreover, modern industrial buildings often have the conditions to make full use of passive energy-saving measures such as solar heating and natural ventilation; Third, when conditions permit, give priority to the use of renewable energy. Although renewable energy is relatively expensive and less efficient than conventional energy at present, it can save petrochemical mineral energy and cause little environmental pollution. As far as solar energy application is concerned, although it is expensive to use solar energy at present, it is still worth using. At present, many green industrial buildings abroad are trying to transform renewable resources into energy consumed by buildings such as electric energy and thermal energy by technical means, so as to realize the integration of solar energy building design. For example, solar photovoltaic devices and wind turbines are installed on the roof to convert solar energy and wind energy into electric energy, so as to realize the energy supply balance of the building itself, that is, the building operation no longer needs additional energy supply, even if the production capacity of the building itself is greater than consumption, the remaining electric energy can be transmitted to the urban power grid.

The energy-saving of green industrial buildings is mainly the energy-saving of the outer envelope, including the roof, external walls, doors and windows. In these parts, priority should be given to using green building materials as insulation materials to save energy. On the one hand, high-performance thermal insulation materials can reduce the use of building materials, on the other hand, they can also reduce the weight of building structures and reduce heat loss and resource loss. At the same time, reducing the use of building materials can accelerate the construction progress and save human resources.

4.3 Green industrial buildings and water saving

The shortage of water resources has become a worldwide problem. According to relevant data, China's per capita fresh water supply is only 2000m3, which is a water-deficient country according to World Bank standards (the world average is 3000m3). At the same time, the per capita fresh water supply in China is decreasing sharply. On the other hand, the distribution of fresh water resources in China is extremely unbalanced, with abundant resources in the south and serious water shortage in the north. Another point that cannot be ignored is that due to extensive development in the past, most natural water sources such as rivers and lakes in China have been polluted to varying degrees, and more than 600 million people are drinking polluted water.

The water-saving of green industrial buildings should be considered from four aspects: open source, throttling, efficient utilization and innovative utilization. In terms of open source, it is mainly to improve the utilization rate of non-traditional water sources. Industrial buildings generally cover a large area, with low floors and large roofs. At the same time, it is unrealistic to rely entirely on the natural infiltration of rain. On the contrary, collecting, storing and purifying rainwater on roofs, hard roads, squares and other areas will be a lot of resources; In terms of throttling, it is mainly to reduce the loss and waste of water resources; In terms of efficient utilization, it refers to the adoption of technological innovation, the installation of water-saving equipment and equipment, and the correct and scientific design of urban pipe network to make the utilization of water resources more efficient and reasonable; In terms of innovative utilization, it refers to relying on technological innovation to strengthen the recycling of water. This can be achieved by setting up sewage, wastewater purification system and reclaimed water system.

4.4 Green Industrial Building and Material Saving

According to the French newspaper Environmental Architecture, green building materials can be divided into the following five categories: materials that are beneficial to the environment; Does not contain some harmful ingredients; Can reduce the environmental impact in the process of construction, maintenance and demolition; The impact on the environment in the process of building operation; Helps to form a safe and healthy indoor environment. The purpose of green building materials is to protect human health and the environment. In the production of green building materials, clean production technology is adopted, industrial, agricultural or urban wastes are used in large quantities, and natural resources and energy are used as little as possible. The produced building materials are non-toxic, pollution-free and radiation-free, which is beneficial to human physical and mental health and environmental protection.

At present, there are three main types of green building materials in the industry: first, some traditional green building materials, such as steel. This building material is characterized by being recyclable and recyclable. Although the production of materials consumes a lot of energy, the repeated use of materials is conducive to saving materials and energy; Secondly, using industrial production and construction waste as raw materials, building materials are made under economic and reasonable conditions, such as making various bricks on site with construction waste. It is reported that an enterprise in our country has developed a mobile combined production line of construction waste treatment and brick making, that is, a mobile brick making factory. The production line matches the mobile crushing station for construction waste treatment with the mobile brick making machine, moves the "brick factory" to the demolition site, and makes more than a dozen municipal bricks such as paving bricks, grass bricks and square bricks on site. The characteristics of this kind of building materials are that they not only obtain new building materials, but also digest a lot of waste solid waste, killing two birds with one stone and realizing sustainable development; The third category is the newly developed green building materials. The main feature of this building material is that it has strong advantages in some aspects, such as heat preservation. Whether new building materials can be popularized depends on the market. For architects, on the one hand, they should accumulate material information in the design, actively and economically use new green building materials, and at the same time, they should strengthen their ability to distinguish and prevent them from losing their judgment because of the mixing of green building materials.

2014165438+1October Green Technology 1 1 4.5 Green Industrial Building and Occupational Health

There is a lot of waste heat and smoke in traditional industrial buildings. A large number of chemical industrial buildings constantly emit a large number of corrosive substances such as acid, alkali and salt or toxic, flammable and explosive gases, and many industrial buildings produce a large amount of electromagnetic radiation all the time, which poses a serious threat to human health. In the design of modern green industrial buildings, we should closely focus on the people-oriented principle, not only pay attention to people's physical health in the process of industrial production, but also pay attention to people's psychological health, and strive to create a pleasant, comfortable and efficient green space. Here, not only the production activities can be carried out efficiently and orderly, but also the communication between people can be satisfied. In the specific design, we should break the shackles of traditional ideas. Like Edith. In the after-sales service department of Newman Frankfurt designed by Jobbin Architects, enterprise decision makers and architects strive to provide active and interesting space for employees. The whole design emphasizes the importance of natural lighting and ventilation, carefully designs the building structure according to the scale and proportion of personnel, and designs a wonderful ecological lounge for employees as a place for communication; Another example is the Gertrak R&D Center designed by New Gebauer and Ross. The design concept emphasizes the openness and communication of architecture. Under the careful design of the architect, all departments in the building are clearly visible and visually interconnected.

4.6 Green industrial buildings and environmental protection

For industrial buildings, the real "ecological building" almost does not exist, which is actually a false proposition, because the ecological building itself does not destroy the natural environment. However, buildings will always cause damage to the environment, and the damage of industrial buildings is often more obvious. For industrial buildings, it is ecology to minimize the environmental pollution caused by the existence of buildings and minimize the negative impact of the existence of buildings on the environment. Green industrial buildings are expected to adopt scientific and efficient green measures to save resources and avoid waste. At the same time, when planning the industrial zone, we should consider the impact on the biological community inside the base, make the green space connected as much as possible, and protect the biological community and ecological corridor. For another example, in some special areas, such as ecologically sensitive areas, animal and plant protection areas, water source protection areas, historical and cultural protection areas, industrial buildings should be avoided.

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