Why does lumbar disc herniation recur after operation?

Some patients with lumbar disc herniation have no obvious relief after surgery, or their symptoms recur after a period of time. Many of them need a second operation to solve the problem. First of all, negligence before and during the operation may lead to incomplete operation and can not completely solve the pathological factors that cause symptoms. For example: ① the existence of double protrusion was ignored before operation, and only one protrusion was taken out during operation; ② The operation position is wrong, the normal intervertebral disc is removed but the protruding intervertebral disc is not solved, and the symptoms will not be relieved; ③ Factors such as lateral stable fossa stenosis and osteophyte in front of vertebral body were neglected during operation, which led to incomplete symptom relief; ④ Incomplete resection of intervertebral disc tissue during operation leads to new prominent compression. Secondly, improper operation in the operation may also cause some complications that must be solved again. For example, when the intervertebral disc tissue is taken out, the ruptured tissue is pushed to the opposite side, resulting in a new protrusion on the opposite side; Or the operation is too rough, resulting in serious adhesion between nerve root and dural sac, which needs to be separated again. In addition, even if the operation itself is successful, with the passage of time, because the patient himself does not pay attention to labor protection, it will lead to new disc herniation or spinal stenosis, and a second operation may be needed. The second operation is difficult, especially the scar formed in the spinal canal is difficult to separate, which is easy to damage the nerve root. Therefore, it is necessary to strictly grasp the indications of the second operation to avoid the phenomenon that the problem cannot be solved after the second injury. Of course, the success of the first operation is the most fundamental factor to avoid the second operation, and the operation should be as accurate, detailed and thorough as possible to ensure the curative effect. At present, most literatures believe that the recurrence rate of symptoms is 3-5%. In addition, it is mainly related to the treatment of intervertebral discs by doctors during surgery. According to my statistics, the reoperation rate of thousands of intervertebral discs is 0. 1-0.2%.