What are the environmental impacts of coal and oil mining and utilization?

Effects of coal and oil mining and utilization on the environment:

1, surface collapse

Coal mining destroys the original mechanical equilibrium within the earth's crust, due to the continuous mining, the scope of the mining area is constantly expanding, when the top plate weight exceeds the tensile strength of the top plate and the compressive strength of the coal school, the top plate rock and soil layer will occur. Displacement, fracture, and surface collapse are caused by the changes of fall and subsidence. After the surface collapse, the original ecosystem is damaged, and this damage has different degrees of impact on various aspects, the most direct impact is the reduction or loss of the original land revenue, and at the same time cause the destruction of surface water facilities and the deterioration of the ecological environment.

2, urban air pollution

Once the energy use process, produce a large amount of carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen compounds, suspended particulate matter and a variety of aromatic hydrocarbon compounds, has caused very serious pollution in some countries of the city. Atmospheric pollution not only leads to ecological damage, but also jeopardize human health. In the European Union, the cost of damage to materials, crops and forests, and loss of human health due to atmospheric pollution exceeds 10 billion dollars a year. China's losses caused by air pollution alone amounted to 12 billion yuan a year.

3, the greenhouse effect

Before the industrial revolution, the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere by volume is about 280 units per 1 million atmospheric units. Afterward, due to the burning of large amounts of fossil energy, the concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide had reached 349 units in 1988. If the atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration were to increase by a factor of 1, the global average surface temperature would rise by 1.5 to 3°C, and polar temperatures could rise by 6 to 8°C. Such temperatures could lead to a sea level rise of 20 to 140 centimeters, which would have a serious economic and social impact on many countries around the globe.

4, acid rain

Burning fossil energy and produce a large number of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen compounds and other pollutants through the airborne, can be formed under certain conditions of large areas of acid rain. Acid rain will change the nature of the soil in the covered area, jeopardizing crops and forest ecosystems; change the acidity of lakes and reservoirs, destroying aquatic ecosystems; corrosion of materials and buildings, etc., resulting in significant economic losses. Acid rain can also lead to changes in regional climate, resulting in incalculable consequences.

5, the problem of nuclear waste

Human development of nuclear energy technology, although the reactor has a certain degree of safety measures, but the implementation of civil nuclear energy programs worldwide, has produced thousands of tons of nuclear waste. The final disposal of these nuclear wastes has not been fully resolved, and there will still be radioactive hazards for hundreds of years.