Jiangxi house building introduction?

Talking about Jiangxi house architecture, the most famous is the Gannan roundhouse, Jinggangshan Revolutionary Site, August 1 Nanchang Uprising Memorial Hall, Longnan Guanxi new enclosure and other landmarks in Jiangxi. Jiangxi, China's provincial administrative region, referred to as Gan (gàn), also known as Gan Poyang Earth, is the "land of fish and rice" in the south of the Yangtze River, which is anciently known as "Wu Tou Chu Tail, Guangdong Households and Fujian Courts". The name of the province was given by Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty in 733 A.D., who set up the Jiangnan West Road, and the name is shortened to Gan because the largest river in the province is the Gan River. The following is the Zhongda consulting for the construction of people to organize the relevant information on Jiangxi architecture, the details are as follows:

Jiangxi house architecture - Gannan roundhouse

Gannan roundhouse Introduction:

In the Gannan mountains and green water, the most eye-catching and the most vicissitudes of the humanities landscape, it should be the ones located in the Gannan borderlands. The most striking and most vicissitudes humanistic landscape should be those Hakka dwellings which are located in the border of Gannan. Gannan Wai Houses, the full name of Gannan Hakka Wai Houses, are mainly distributed in the territory of 6 counties, namely Longnan County (Longnan Town), Dingnan County (Lixi Town), Quannan County (Chenggang Town), Xinfeng County (Jiading Town), Anyuan County (Xinshan Town), and Xunwu County (Changning Town) in Ganzhou City, Jiangxi Province. Gannan roundhouse was included in the "China's World Cultural Heritage Tentative List" by the State Bureau of Cultural Heritage, on November 17, 2012 was officially announced.

Jiangxi House Architecture--Gannan Wai Houses

Gannan Wai Houses Architectural Causes:

Gannan Wai Houses arose in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties, and today there are still more than 500 of them remaining, mainly located in Longnan, Dingnan, Quannan, as well as Xinfeng, Anyuan, and Xunwu.

Gannan, the history of "the south of the Paiyue, the north of China, according to the Five Ridges of the key meeting, the Gan, Fujian, Guangdong and Hunan of the key", so the Qin and Han Dynasty has built a county, to the end of the Han Dynasty has been the government level of administrative institutions. At the end of the Tang Dynasty, the Central Plains were in turmoil, and Gannan became an ideal shelter for those who avoided the turmoil because of its sparsely populated and relatively remote and quiet area. A large number of refugees from the Central Plains crowded into Gannan, and the population increased tenfold in the early years of the Northern Song Dynasty, and the immigrants were far more than the original indigenous inhabitants, which greatly changed the composition of the inhabitants at that time and the traditional structure of their culture, and so a new special ethnic group - the Hakka - was slowly birthed in this specific historical and geographic environment. In this specific historical and geographic environment, a new special ethnic group, the Hakka, was slowly nurtured. At the same time and since then, the Hakka ancestors or Hakka people who moved into Gannan from the Central Plains have continued to migrate to western Fujian and eastern Guangdong. Gannan is much earlier than western Fujian and eastern Guangdong, which are also Hakka settlements, in the establishment of counties and prefectures, and there was Nanshu County (in present-day Nankang or Dayu County) in the Qin Dynasty. According to "Huainanzi", Emperor Qin Shi Huang, in order to unify the southern border of the motherland, once ordered the general Tu Ju to lead an army of 500,000 people to march into Baiyue in five ways, and after the success, one of them left "an army to guard the border of Nanshu". This is the earliest record in history of the Han Chinese entering Gannan. This is the origin and predecessor of the formation of Hakka, and in the subsequent historical evolution, the Hakka people constitute a unique group of Gannan residents, and the Gannan roundhouses constitute a strange humanistic landscape of Hakka dwellings. According to Wan Younan's research, the house of enclosure, as its name suggests, is a house enclosed. Its outer wall is not only the load-bearing outer wall of the house, but also the defense wall of the whole house. Its gate has many titles such as "Pan'an Wei" and "Longguang Wei".

Jiangxi house architecture--Gannan roundhouse

Gannan roundhouse architectural development:

According to Wan Younan's "Study of Gannan Roundhouses", the development of Gannan roundhouses can be roughly divided into three phases, i.e., the founding period, the formative period, and the extreme period.

Founding Period

The founding period is about the middle and late Ming Dynasty. This period was the free founding period of Hakka roundhouses, which were in various forms and small in number, accounting for about 10% of the total number of roundhouses. This period of the house did not go through the prior planning, often built with the shape of the polygon irregular type. Such as Longnan Liren Liyuan Wei, Yangcun Wu Shi Wei, Guanxi Chang Wei and Wudang Tianxin Wei.

Formative period

The mature period of the house is about the early and middle of the Qing Dynasty (Qing Shunzhi to Daoguang years). The number of houses in this period is about 30%. The plan of the houses tended to be square, and the rounded or polygonal houses gradually disappeared. The fa?ade of the roundhouse is mostly two-story, and the four-corner turret is one story higher, but it has not yet become a fixed style. Such as Longnan's Yangcun Yanyi roundhouse, Guanxi new roundhouse, Taojiang Longguang roundhouse and Anyuan's Shanqing roundhouse is the representative of this period.

Extreme period

The end of the Qing Dynasty to the middle of the Republic of China is the extreme period of the construction of houses. During this period, due to the decline of the Qing government and the loss of power and humiliation of the country, resulting in the domestic class conflicts and ethnic conflicts are becoming increasingly acute, the number of enclosure construction has increased dramatically, and the defense function is stronger and more perfect, during this period of time, the construction of enclosures accounted for more than 60% of the total number of enclosures in Gannan. Such as built in the Qing dynasty Xianfeng years of Yang village east water enclosure, patio all with barbed wire cover, even if the outsiders on the roof can not enter the enclosure; there are built in the Qing dynasty Guangxu years of the Liren Shaba enclosure, also built in the enclosure of the basement.

Entering the Republic of China after the development of transportation so that the government's rule strengthened, the social situation improved, the enclosure will be categorically less built.

Jiangxi house building--Gannan roundhouse

Gannan roundhouse building structure:

Gannan roundhouse, the area is big and small. Small 50-60 square meters, only three rooms, called "cat cupboard", large more than 10,000 square meters, the largest Longnan Liyuan round covers an area of up to 37,000 square meters. Gannan roundhouse, from the plane can be divided into "mouth" and "country" word formation of two categories. Its shape is mostly square, and there are also some round, semi-circular and irregular shapes. Structural form of both the three soil, river pebbles constructed, but also brick, stone masonry.

Gannan roundhouse is an ancient ancestral temple, home, fort in one, with distinctive defensive features of the strong residential, with a strong defense function and clan living in affinity, square enclosure are surrounded by simple enclosure, generally have two or three layers, there are more than four layers, for the overhanging corridor structure. Inside the larger enclosures, there are also ancestral halls; the larger ones are multi-storey sets of enclosures. The outer wall of the enclosure is mostly a solid wall constructed of river stone, hemp stone, green stone and green brick, with a thickness of up to two meters. Internal granaries, wells, sewage and so on. This easily defensible siege is simply an independent kingdom, a small city. The outer wall of the enclosure is 1 meter thick (swallow wing enclosure wall thickness of 1.45 meters), three or four layers high, the four corners of the construction of the outward and upward projection of a variety of bunkers. In order to eliminate dead ends, some in the bunker and then wipe the corner to pick up a single small bunker. The roof of the house is set up rows and rows of gunshot holes. Door wall is particularly thick, the door frame are made of boulders, thick plate door is also nailed iron. Plate door after more than one set of gates, gates are also set up after the heavy door. The top of the door is also equipped with a leak to prevent fire attack. In addition to a few large enclosures, generally only a hole in the door. Surrounding the roof of the house is mostly used for war preparation, and take the inner 2/3 of the wall as a circular wall corridor through a gas, easy to occupy the personnel maneuver. The house dug a well, more food storage room, some also with fern points, or with glutinous rice flour, brown sugar, egg white and whitewash the walls, long suffering from lack of food, can be peeled off to feed the hungry. The vast majority of Gannan houses are square, four corners (a few in the symmetry of the two corners) are constructed strong towers. The outer wall is solid closed body, all over the gun eyelets, the appearance of severe cold, giving people the feeling of solid as a golden soup.

More about the tender writing production, enhance the winning rate, click on the bottom of the customer service free advice.