Zhuge Liang invented what things?

One, the wooden oxen flow horse

Ge Liang from Hanzhong northern expedition to Cao Wei, due to the rugged journey, the army is inconvenient to transport food, five out of Qishan in order to then invented this transport tool, called: wooden oxen flow horse. Its structure is extremely like cattle, horses. Legs made of thick wood.

Two, eight array map

Eight array map is a formation, is Zhuge Liang out of the mountains after their own creation of the military array, he called the gossip military array. Because Shu is mountainous, the army is accustomed to fighting in the mountains and forests of the infantry, once north of the Central Plains, it will be difficult to fight against the cavalry of Wei. Zhuge Liang, in order to improve the combat effectiveness of the Shu army, will be the ancient eight formations to change, into a later generations celebrated eight array map.

Three, Zhuge Liang crossbow

Zhuge Liang crossbow, also known as Zhuge crossbow, is a kind of bow and arrow can be fired continuously, at that time is a very powerful weapon for Zhuge Liang according to the old technology made, a time can be fired ten arrows, greatly improving the combat effectiveness of the Shu army.

Four, steamed bread

In the Gao Cheng "Things Chronicle", it is recorded that Zhuge Liang's southern expedition to the division, is meeting the wind, can not cross the river, Meng said it is rampant God, as long as the human head and animal sacrifices, it will be calm. But Zhuge Liang think with human head is too cruel, so with flour rolled into a human head, mixed with cattle, sheep and other meat to replace, called steamed bread. (There is also a saying that steamed bread was invented by Zhang Fei when he was conquering Shu).

Fifth, Kongming lantern

This is Zhuge Liang's northern expedition by Sima Yi trapped in Pingyang invented a kind of airborne lights used to send information to the rescue, but also the origin of the hot air balloon. In the technologically underdeveloped era of the Three Kingdoms, Zhuge Liang can still be the world's first to discover the principle of the hot air balloon airborne, is really a veritable Crouching Dragon.

Sixth, Zhuge Liang drum

Ka Wa legend refers to Zhuge Liang had taught their ancestors to build a house, bamboo wicker; Dai legend refers to the local Buddhist temple roof is modeled after the Zhuge Liang's hat to build, but also said that Zhuge Liang invented a kind of copper drums during the southern expedition, known as "Zhuge Liang drums", cooking during the day, you can knock it for the evening alarm. Alarm.

Seven, Kongming chess

As early as Longzhong, Zhuge Liang intended to invent a chess. In 228 A.D., the southern part of Shu riots. Zhuge Liang, as the prime minister of a country, decided to lead an army to conquer it himself. However, the situation was not so good: the climate in the south made it difficult for the soldiers to adapt. In addition, the army was uninteresting, and the southern king Meng Yu refused to submit for a long time. In such a situation, Zhuge Liang invented Kongming Chess to enliven the bored hearts of the soldiers.

Eight, the fire beast

Ge Liang leveled the south, had been a defeat: the South King Meng as a soldier, the use of elephants, tigers, bison, wolves and other wild animals defeated Zhao Yun and Wei Yan's troops. Zhuge Liang was inspired, he thought of the beasts are afraid of fire. So a few days later, he invented a weapon with a beast-like appearance, vermilion in color, and capable of breathing fire to deal with Meng Yu's beast soldiers. Another ancient robot!

Nine, the bridge gun

Ge Liang Zhuge Liang pacified the south, decided to swing north, to fulfill Liu Bei's wish to restore the Han dynasty. The terrain leading north is extremely difficult, with many mountains and rivers. Climbing the mountains was fine, but the key was crossing the rivers: the soldiers had to spend a long time building bridges each time. Zhuge Liang also suffered from this. One day, he remembered how the ancients built sickle hooks, which led to the invention of the bridge-building gun.

Ten, landmines

Literature: "The name is 'landmines', a gun in the hidden nine guns, thirty paces buried, in the middle of the bamboo pole through the section, in order to lead the medicine line; only a start, the mountain loss stone crack." Because the Shu army in the hands of swords and spears can not help Meng under the soldiers on the tough rattan armor, Zhuge Liang had to use landmines to break the enemy.

Expanded:

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Geliang Zhuge Liang (181 - October 8, 234), courtesy name Kong Ming, number Wolong, a native of Yangdu, Luangya, Xuzhou (present-day Yinan County, Linyi City, Shandong Province), was the prime minister of the State of Shu during the Three Kingdoms period, an outstanding statesman, militarist, diplomat, man of letters, calligrapher, and inventor.

In his early years, he accompanied his uncle Zhuge Xuan to Jingzhou, and after Zhuge Xuan's death, Zhuge Liang lived in seclusion in Longzhong, Xiangyang. Later, Liu Bei invited Zhuge Liang to join Sun and Cao, and defeated Cao's army at the Battle of Red Cliff. Forming the Three Kingdoms, Liu Bei seized Jingzhou. In the 16th year of Jian'an (211), he captured Yizhou. After that, he defeated Cao's army and captured Hanzhong. In the first year of Shu Zhangwu (221), Liu Bei established the Shu Han regime in Chengdu, and Zhuge Liang was appointed prime minister to preside over the government.

Liu Chan, the later lord of Shu, succeeded to the throne, and Zhuge Liang was named Marquis of Wuxiang, leading the pastor of Yizhou. He was a diligent and prudent person who handled large and small matters personally and was strict in reward and punishment; he allied himself with the Eastern Wu to improve relations with the Southwestern tribes; he practiced the policy of cantonment and strengthened his war preparations. He launched six northern expeditions to the Central Plains, but most of them were unsuccessful due to the exhaustion of food. He died of illness in 234, the twelfth year of Jianxing in Shu, at the age of 54 in Wuzhangyuan (in Qishan, Baoji, Shaanxi). Liu Chan posthumously named him Marquis of Zhongwu, and later generations often honored Zhuge Liang with the title of Marquis of Zhongwu. The Eastern Jin Dynasty named him King Wuxing because of his military prowess.

Geliang Zhuge Liang's prose masterpieces include "The Table of the Master" and "The Book of Commandments". He invented the wooden oxen and horses, Kongming lanterns, etc., and transformed the crossbow, called Zhuge crossbow, can be a crossbow ten vectors are fired. Zhuge Liang's life is a representative figure of loyal officials and wise men in traditional Chinese culture.

Related inventions

Guge Liang was so popular in Sichuan that residents in many parts of the country still have the custom of wearing a white cloth on their heads until modern times, which is said to be the mourning for Zhuge Liang, and has lasted for more than 1,000 years.

In the Gao Cheng "Things Chronicle", there is a record of Zhuge Liang's southern expedition to the division, is encountering the wind, can not cross the river, Meng said this is a rampant God, as long as the human head and animal sacrifices, it will be calm. But Zhuge Liang think with human head is too cruel, so with flour rolled into a human head, mixed with cattle, sheep and other meat to replace, called steamed bread. (There is another saying that steamed bread was invented by Zhang Fei when he conquered Shu).

Also, according to legend, Zhuge Liang served as a military division of the general, to solve the problem of food, asked the people of the time called "cranberry" wild vegetables cultivation methods, and ordered the soldiers to start planting cranberries, supplementing the military food, later generations will be called this dish Zhuge dish.

There are also legends that Zhuge Liang had another son Zhuge Huai and a daughter Zhuge Guo. During the Jin Dynasty, the descendants of famous Han Dynasty ministers were summoned to the capital, but Zhuge Huai declined and lived on his own, at home for the rest of his life. Zhuge Guo, on the other hand, is rumored to have practiced and ascended to heaven in Chengdu's Southwest Smoky Temple.

Dwellers in the mountainous regions used to send out messages by casting Kongming lanterns, which are said to have been handed down from Zhuge Liang. In Yunnan (the Three Kingdoms in the south of the land), the Wa tribe in Kawa has a legend that Zhuge Liang had taught their ancestors to build houses, bamboo wicker; Dai legend refers to the roof of the local Buddhist temple is modeled on the construction of Zhuge Liang's hat, but also said that Zhuge Liang's southern expedition invented a kind of copper drums, known as "Zhuge Drums", cooking during the day, you can knock it for the alarm in the evening.

And there are many existing slang, such as "after the fact Kongming", meaning that wait until after the event to publish a variety of high theory, thinking that the prophet; also "three ignorant cobblers, better than a Zhuge Liang," meaning that describes the greatness of the collective wisdom.

Memorial

Cemetery

George Liang's Wuhou Tomb is a national key cultural relics protection unit, that is, the Tomb of Zhu Geliang, in Mianxian County, Shaanxi Province (Xinxian County) Dingjun Mountain, every year, Mianxian people in the Ching Ming Festival day to visit Zhu Geliang visit Dingjun Mountain; in October 2008, in Mianxian County, was also held in the Three Kingdoms Cultural Festival.

Shrine

Wuhou District and Wuhou Ancestral Hall, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 1991, approved by the government, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, Wuhou District was formally established, the name of the district from the jurisdiction of the Wuhou Ancestral Hall (the original Han Zhaoliang Temple, Zhaoliang for the death of Liu Bei's posthumous name). Wuhou Ancestral Temple was named after Zhuge Liang, who was named Marquis Wuxiang during his lifetime, and was merged with Zhaolie Temple in the early Ming Dynasty, making it one of the famous historical tourist attractions in Shu...?

Nanyang Wuhou Ancestral Hall, also known as "Zhu Geliang nunnery", located in Nanyang City, Henan Province, Wolong District, Wolonggang, was built in the Wei and Jin dynasties, is the cast Wei of the late Shu Han Huangquan Zhu Geliang plowing land Wolonggang built into a large group of shrines in memory of Zhu Geliang.

Wuhou Ancestral Hall in Hanzhong City, Shaanxi Province, is located in Mianxian County (Shin County), was built in 263 A.D., for the earliest Wuhou Ancestral Hall (Chengdu Wuhou Ancestral Hall about 50 years ago), so it is called "the world's first Wuhou Ancestral Hall".

Temple

Geliang Temple is located in the death of Zhu Geliang, today's Baoji Qishan County, Wuzhang Yuan, is the later generations in honor of Zhu Geliang, many repairs and become, the layout is rigorous, elegant, but also because of successive generations of celebrities and artists inscriptions and plaques, a cultural flavor of the history of the humanities landscape. Temple group face south to north, the gate for Zhuge Liang Temple gate, by the main door and east and west two ear door composition, temple door simple and heavy, the main door lintel on the calligrapher Shu Tong writing "five zhangyuan Zhuge Liang Temple" in plain sight, the door on both sides of a pair of couplets "a poem two table three tripods, thousands of years of the five zhangyuan "

Scenic Spot

The Temple of Zhuge Liang in Wuzhangyuan is the first of its kind in China.

Scenic Area

Longzhong Scenic Area is located in Xiangcheng District, Xiangyang City, a national historical and cultural city, 13 kilometers away from downtown Xiangyang, with a total area of 209 square kilometers, and a history of more than 1,700 years. Zhuge Liang, the outstanding statesman and militarist during the Three Kingdoms period of China, lived here in seclusion for ten years during his youth. The popular "Longzhong Pairing" and Liu Bei's "Three Visits to a Cottage" both took place here.

Square

George Liang Square is built by the people of Xiangyang City, Hubei Province, to carry forward the historical and cultural traditions and to commemorate Zhuge Liang, the next person in three generations. Xiangyang City, one of the iconic landscape, Xiangyang municipal government molded Zhuge Liang bronze statue in the square. Both highlight the symbol of our Chinese people's wisdom, but also China's largest portrait sculpture project.

Memorial Hall

Ge Liang hometown Memorial Hall, located in Linyi City, Yinan County, brick port town Zhuge Village, covers an area of 3,360 square meters, the museum has a statue of Zhu Geliang, displaying in the Yangdu Imperial City site unearthed on behalf of the Longshan culture, Zhou Dynasty culture, Han culture of the important cultural relics of the three periods of more than 5,000 and Zhu Geliang and his descendants of the relevant information.

References:

Baidu Encyclopedia - Zhuge Liang (Prime Minister of Shu Han during the Three Kingdoms period)